{
	"id": "6263a756-f7c8-49eb-98d5-3c0011df34a6",
	"created_at": "2026-04-06T00:19:29.175997Z",
	"updated_at": "2026-04-10T03:37:49.833336Z",
	"deleted_at": null,
	"sha1_hash": "fbc6a17588439a0ddd7d8e82bbe9078fe916e81c",
	"title": "ESET APT Activity Report Q4 2024-Q1 2025: Malware sharing, data wiping and exploits",
	"llm_title": "",
	"authors": "",
	"file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_size": 143100,
	"plain_text": "ESET APT Activity Report Q4 2024-Q1 2025: Malware sharing,\r\ndata wiping and exploits\r\nBy ESET Research\r\nArchived: 2026-04-05 18:30:42 UTC\r\nPodcasts\r\nESET experts discuss Sandworm’s new data wiper, relentless campaigns by UnsolicitedBooker, attribution\r\nchallenges amid tool-sharing, and other key findings from the latest APT Activity Report\r\n01 Jul 2025  •  , 2 min. read\r\nIn the latest episode of the ESET Research Podcast, ESET Distinguished Researcher Aryeh Goretsky is joined by\r\nESET Security Awareness Specialist Rene Holt to dissect the key findings from ESET’s APT Activity Report.\r\nThe first actor that steps into the limelight is UnsolicitedBooker, a China-aligned APT group that has\r\ndemonstrated a level of persistence that truly puts the \"P\" in APT. This group targeted the same organization three\r\ntimes over several years, attempting to deploy its signature backdoor, MarsSnake. This example highlights the\r\nrelentless focus of certain groups that will stop at nothing to achieve their objectives.\r\nThe conversation then shifts to the challenges of attribution, particularly with the increasing trend of tool-sharing,\r\nprimarily among China-aligned actors such as Worok. Their tactic is to muddy the waters by using overlapping\r\nhttps://www.welivesecurity.com/en/podcasts/eset-apt-activity-report-q4-2024q1-2025-malware-sharing-wipers-exploits/\r\nPage 1 of 3\n\ntoolsets sourced from digital quartermasters, intertwining their activities with those of other groups such as\r\nLuckyMouse and TA428.\r\nTurning to Russia-aligned actors, the discussion focuses on groups like Sednit, Gamaredon, and Sandworm.\r\nSednit’s latest activity revolves around Operation RoundPress, which originally targeted the popular webmail\r\nservice Roundcube but has recently expanded to other platforms such as Horde, MDaemon, and Zimbra. Sednit\r\nhas been using targeted emails, exploiting flaws in these services, and employing cross-site scripting to attack\r\ndefense companies located in Bulgaria and Ukraine.\r\nGamaredon remains one of the most active APTs in Ukraine, constantly tweaking its obfuscation techniques to\r\nstay ahead of detection. Meanwhile, Sandworm has intensified its use of data-wiping malware, deploying a new\r\nwiper called ZEROLOT multiple times in the past six months. This wiper operates with surgical precision, erasing\r\nspecific files and directories without immediately taking down the entire system—an approach that ensures the\r\nmalware can complete its destructive mission.\r\nAryeh and Rene also delve into the activities of North Korea-aligned and Iran-aligned groups. If you’re interested\r\nin more details, be sure to listen to this episode of the ESET Research Podcast or download the latest ESET APT\r\nActivity Report.\r\nDiscussed topics:\r\nUnsolicitedBooker (MarsSnake) 1:45\r\nWorok (and its digital quartermasters) 4:50\r\nSednit (Operation RoundCube) 9:55\r\nGamaredon 13:55\r\nSandworm (ZEROLOT wiper) 16:15\r\nDeceptiveDevelopment (WeaselStore, ClickFix) 24:10\r\nMuddyWater vs Lyceum 29:40\r\nLet us keep you\r\nup to date\r\nSign up for our newsletters\r\nhttps://www.welivesecurity.com/en/podcasts/eset-apt-activity-report-q4-2024q1-2025-malware-sharing-wipers-exploits/\r\nPage 2 of 3\n\nSource: https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/podcasts/eset-apt-activity-report-q4-2024q1-2025-malware-sharing-wipers-exploits/\r\nhttps://www.welivesecurity.com/en/podcasts/eset-apt-activity-report-q4-2024q1-2025-malware-sharing-wipers-exploits/\r\nPage 3 of 3",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"MISPGALAXY",
		"Malpedia"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://www.welivesecurity.com/en/podcasts/eset-apt-activity-report-q4-2024q1-2025-malware-sharing-wipers-exploits/"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"eset-apt-activity-report-q4-2024q1-2025-malware-sharing-wipers-exploits"
	],
	"threat_actors": [
		{
			"id": "cde987a8-c71f-49e2-b761-5b7fa2b4ada6",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.706646Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.719127Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Hexane",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK 120",
				"Cobalt Lyceum",
				"G1001",
				"Lyceum",
				"Operation Out to Sea",
				"Siamesekitten",
				"Yellow Dev 9"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Hexane",
			"tools": [
				"DanBot",
				"DanDrop",
				"Decrypt-RDCMan.ps1",
				"Get-LAPSP.ps1",
				"James",
				"Milan",
				"kl.ps1"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a7e5d6c0-5f7e-4d1c-87fa-bbf65b4e65b9",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.42571Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.984213Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Worok",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Worok",
			"tools": [
				"CLRLoad",
				"Mimikatz",
				"NBTscan",
				"PNGLoad",
				"PowHeartBeat",
				"SAMRID",
				"nbtscan",
				"reGeorg"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "02e1c2df-8abd-49b1-91d1-61bc733cf96b",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.308924Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.298591Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "MuddyWater",
			"aliases": [
				"MuddyWater",
				"Earth Vetala",
				"Static Kitten",
				"Seedworm",
				"TEMP.Zagros",
				"Mango Sandstorm",
				"TA450"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:MuddyWater",
			"tools": [
				"STARWHALE",
				"POWERSTATS",
				"Out1",
				"PowerSploit",
				"Small Sieve",
				"Mori",
				"Mimikatz",
				"LaZagne",
				"PowGoop",
				"CrackMapExec",
				"ConnectWise",
				"SHARPSTATS",
				"RemoteUtilities",
				"Koadic"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "e294737b-6aa7-480e-841d-cbed102c356c",
			"created_at": "2023-07-20T02:00:08.787855Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.368575Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Worok",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Worok",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "2ed8d590-defa-4873-b2de-b75c9b30931e",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.730137Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.08136Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "MuddyWater",
			"aliases": [
				"TEMP.Zagros",
				"Seedworm",
				"COBALT ULSTER",
				"G0069",
				"ATK51",
				"Mango Sandstorm",
				"TA450",
				"Static Kitten",
				"Boggy Serpens",
				"Earth Vetala"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:MuddyWater",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a7df240e-6750-4b71-99de-85831b92faa2",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.859253Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.285965Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "HEXANE",
			"aliases": [
				"Lyceum",
				"Siamesekitten",
				"Spirlin"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:HEXANE",
			"tools": [
				"Milan",
				"netstat",
				"BITSAdmin",
				"DnsSystem",
				"DanBot",
				"ipconfig",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Kevin",
				"PoshC2"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "2f07a03f-eb1f-47c8-a8e9-a1a00f2ec253",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.277669Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.919609Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "TA428",
			"aliases": [
				"Operation LagTime IT",
				"Operation StealthyTrident",
				"ThunderCats"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:TA428",
			"tools": [
				"8.t Dropper",
				"8.t RTF exploit builder",
				"8t_dropper",
				"Agent.dhwf",
				"Albaniiutas",
				"BlueTraveller",
				"Chymine",
				"Cotx RAT",
				"CoughingDown",
				"Darkmoon",
				"Destroy RAT",
				"DestroyRAT",
				"Gen:Trojan.Heur.PT",
				"Kaba",
				"Korplug",
				"LuckyBack",
				"PhantomNet",
				"PlugX",
				"Poison Ivy",
				"RedDelta",
				"RoyalRoad",
				"SManager",
				"SPIVY",
				"Sogu",
				"TIGERPLUG",
				"TManger",
				"TVT",
				"Thoper",
				"Xamtrav",
				"pivy",
				"poisonivy"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "e3492534-85a6-4c87-a754-5ae4a56d7c8c",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.819113Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.354598Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Threat Group-3390",
			"aliases": [
				"Threat Group-3390",
				"Earth Smilodon",
				"TG-3390",
				"Emissary Panda",
				"BRONZE UNION",
				"APT27",
				"Iron Tiger",
				"LuckyMouse",
				"Linen Typhoon"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Threat Group-3390",
			"tools": [
				"Systeminfo",
				"gsecdump",
				"PlugX",
				"ASPXSpy",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Impacket",
				"gh0st RAT",
				"certutil",
				"China Chopper",
				"HTTPBrowser",
				"Tasklist",
				"netstat",
				"SysUpdate",
				"HyperBro",
				"ZxShell",
				"RCSession",
				"ipconfig",
				"Clambling",
				"pwdump",
				"NBTscan",
				"Pandora",
				"Windows Credential Editor"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "4fc99d9b-9b66-4516-b0db-520fbef049ed",
			"created_at": "2025-10-29T02:00:51.949631Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.346203Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Contagious Interview",
			"aliases": [
				"Contagious Interview",
				"DeceptiveDevelopment",
				"Gwisin Gang",
				"Tenacious Pungsan",
				"DEV#POPPER",
				"PurpleBravo",
				"TAG-121"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Contagious Interview",
			"tools": [
				"InvisibleFerret",
				"BeaverTail",
				"XORIndex Loader",
				"HexEval Loader"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "8941e146-3e7f-4b4e-9b66-c2da052ee6df",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.402513Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.959797Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Sandworm",
			"aliases": [
				"IRIDIUM",
				"Blue Echidna",
				"VOODOO BEAR",
				"FROZENBARENTS",
				"UAC-0113",
				"Seashell Blizzard",
				"UAC-0082",
				"APT44",
				"Quedagh",
				"TEMP.Noble",
				"IRON VIKING",
				"G0034",
				"ELECTRUM",
				"TeleBots"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Sandworm",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "fb8f3a5f-01a9-498e-9396-52f844424c33",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.045338Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.195743Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "LYCEUM",
			"aliases": [
				"Spirlin",
				"MYSTICDOME",
				"siamesekitten",
				"Chrono Kitten",
				"Storm-0133",
				"COBALT LYCEUM",
				"UNC1530"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:LYCEUM",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "7bd810cb-d674-4763-86eb-2cc182d24ea0",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.1537Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.883793Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Sandworm Team",
			"aliases": [
				"APT 44",
				"ATK 14",
				"BE2",
				"Blue Echidna",
				"CTG-7263",
				"FROZENBARENTS",
				"G0034",
				"Grey Tornado",
				"IRIDIUM",
				"Iron Viking",
				"Quedagh",
				"Razing Ursa",
				"Sandworm",
				"Sandworm Team",
				"Seashell Blizzard",
				"TEMP.Noble",
				"UAC-0082",
				"UAC-0113",
				"UAC-0125",
				"UAC-0133",
				"Voodoo Bear"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Sandworm Team",
			"tools": [
				"AWFULSHRED",
				"ArguePatch",
				"BIASBOAT",
				"Black Energy",
				"BlackEnergy",
				"CaddyWiper",
				"Colibri Loader",
				"Cyclops Blink",
				"CyclopsBlink",
				"DCRat",
				"DarkCrystal RAT",
				"Fobushell",
				"GOSSIPFLOW",
				"Gcat",
				"IcyWell",
				"Industroyer2",
				"JaguarBlade",
				"JuicyPotato",
				"Kapeka",
				"KillDisk.NCX",
				"LOADGRIP",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"Living off the Land",
				"ORCSHRED",
				"P.A.S.",
				"PassKillDisk",
				"Pitvotnacci",
				"PsList",
				"QUEUESEED",
				"RansomBoggs",
				"RottenPotato",
				"SOLOSHRED",
				"SwiftSlicer",
				"VPNFilter",
				"Warzone",
				"Warzone RAT",
				"Weevly"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "156b3bc5-14b7-48e1-b19d-23aa17492621",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.793494Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.634641Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "COBALT ULSTER",
			"aliases": [
				"Boggy Serpens ",
				"ENT-11 ",
				"Earth Vetala ",
				"ITG17 ",
				"MERCURY ",
				"Mango Sandstorm ",
				"MuddyWater ",
				"STAC 1171 ",
				"Seedworm ",
				"Static Kitten ",
				"TA450 ",
				"TEMP.Zagros ",
				"UNC3313 ",
				"Yellow Nix "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:COBALT ULSTER",
			"tools": [
				"CrackMapExec",
				"Empire",
				"FORELORD",
				"Koadic",
				"LaZagne",
				"Metasploit",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Plink",
				"PowerStats"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "20b5fa2f-2ef1-4e69-8275-25927a762f72",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.573647Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.765721Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "BRONZE DUDLEY",
			"aliases": [
				"TA428 ",
				"Temp.Hex ",
				"Vicious Panda "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:BRONZE DUDLEY",
			"tools": [
				"NCCTrojan",
				"PhantomNet",
				"PoisonIvy",
				"Royal Road"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a4aca3ca-9e04-42d1-b037-f7fb3fbab0b1",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.042499Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.194713Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "TA428",
			"aliases": [
				"BRONZE DUDLEY",
				"Colourful Panda"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:TA428",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "730dfa6e-572d-473c-9267-ea1597d1a42b",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.389985Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.954105Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT28",
			"aliases": [
				"Pawn Storm",
				"ATK5",
				"Fighting Ursa",
				"Blue Athena",
				"TA422",
				"T-APT-12",
				"APT-C-20",
				"UAC-0001",
				"IRON TWILIGHT",
				"SIG40",
				"UAC-0028",
				"Sofacy",
				"BlueDelta",
				"Fancy Bear",
				"GruesomeLarch",
				"Group 74",
				"ITG05",
				"FROZENLAKE",
				"Forest Blizzard",
				"FANCY BEAR",
				"Sednit",
				"SNAKEMACKEREL",
				"Tsar Team",
				"TG-4127",
				"STRONTIUM",
				"Grizzly Steppe",
				"G0007"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:APT28",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "3c430d71-ab2b-4588-820a-42dd6cfc39fb",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.880522Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.775749Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "MuddyWater",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK 51",
				"Boggy Serpens",
				"Cobalt Ulster",
				"G0069",
				"ITG17",
				"Mango Sandstorm",
				"MuddyWater",
				"Operation BlackWater",
				"Operation Earth Vetala",
				"Operation Quicksand",
				"Seedworm",
				"Static Kitten",
				"T-APT-14",
				"TA450",
				"TEMP.Zagros",
				"Yellow Nix"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:MuddyWater",
			"tools": [
				"Agentemis",
				"BugSleep",
				"CLOUDSTATS",
				"ChromeCookiesView",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"CobaltStrike",
				"CrackMapExec",
				"DCHSpy",
				"DELPHSTATS",
				"EmPyre",
				"EmpireProject",
				"FruityC2",
				"Koadic",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"LaZagne",
				"Living off the Land",
				"MZCookiesView",
				"Meterpreter",
				"Mimikatz",
				"MuddyC2Go",
				"MuddyRot",
				"Mudwater",
				"POWERSTATS",
				"PRB-Backdoor",
				"PhonyC2",
				"PowGoop",
				"PowerShell Empire",
				"PowerSploit",
				"Powermud",
				"QUADAGENT",
				"SHARPSTATS",
				"SSF",
				"Secure Socket Funneling",
				"Shootback",
				"Smbmap",
				"Valyria",
				"chrome-passwords",
				"cobeacon",
				"prb_backdoor"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "1511afe0-d462-4426-9428-c498fc1d48d4",
			"created_at": "2026-01-22T02:00:03.666108Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.919122Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "UnsolicitedBooker",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:UnsolicitedBooker",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
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	"ts_updated_at": 1775792269,
	"ts_creation_date": 0,
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	"files": {
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}