{
	"id": "a06f5984-d6db-4ac2-bf9d-5b80da93ae61",
	"created_at": "2026-04-06T00:14:40.047057Z",
	"updated_at": "2026-04-10T03:36:59.759649Z",
	"deleted_at": null,
	"sha1_hash": "f2fa6f2e1afc9cae4110166c7a6e9245c0898a64",
	"title": "Continued cyber activity in Eastern Europe observed by TAG",
	"llm_title": "",
	"authors": "",
	"file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_size": 41396,
	"plain_text": "Continued cyber activity in Eastern Europe observed by TAG\r\nBy Billy Leonard\r\nPublished: 2022-07-19 · Archived: 2026-04-05 13:11:05 UTC\r\nGoogle’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) continues to closely monitor the cybersecurity environment in Eastern\r\nEurope with regard to the war in Ukraine. Many Russian government cyber assets have remained focused on\r\nUkraine and related issues since the invasion began, while Russian APT activity outside of Ukraine largely\r\nremains the same. TAG continues to disrupt campaigns from multiple sets of Russian government-backed\r\nattackers, some of which are detailed in our previous updates.\r\nSimilarly, Russian observed disinformation efforts are also focused on the war in Ukraine and TAG has disrupted\r\ncoordinated influence operations from several actors including the Internet Research Agency and a Russian\r\nconsulting firm as detailed in the TAG Bulletin. Most of these coordinated influence operations are Russian\r\nlanguage efforts aimed at ensuring domestic support in Russia for the war.\r\nHere is a deeper look at some campaign activity TAG has observed since our last update:\r\nTurla, a group publicly attributed to Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB), recently hosted Android apps on a\r\ndomain spoofing the Ukrainian Azov Regiment. This is the first known instance of Turla distributing Android-related malware. The apps were not distributed through the Google Play Store, but hosted on a domain controlled\r\nby the actor and disseminated via links on third party messaging services. We believe there was no major impact\r\non Android users and that the number of installs was miniscule.\r\nThe app is distributed under the guise of performing Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against a set of Russian\r\nwebsites. However, the 'DoS' consists only of a single GET request to the target website, not enough to be\r\neffective. The list of target websites for the app can be seen in the CyberChef recipe here.\r\nTurla website disseminating fake DoS Android Apps.\r\nDuring our investigation into the Turla CyberAzov apps, we identified another Android app first seen in the wild\r\nin March 2022 that also claimed to conduct DoS attacks against Russian websites. In this case, the Android app\r\nname was stopwar.apk (com.ddos.stopwar) and was distributed from the website stopwar.pro. This app is quite\r\ndifferent from the Turla apps described above and written by a different developer. It also downloads a list of\r\ntargets from an external site, but unlike the Turla apps, it continually sends requests to the target websites until it is\r\nstopped by the user.\r\nPro-Ukrainian website used for disseminating StopWar.apk.\r\nBased on our analysis, we believe that the StopWar app was developed by pro-Ukrainian developers and was the\r\ninspiration for what Turla actors based their fake CyberAzov DoS app off of.\r\nThe Follina vulnerability (CVE-2022-30190), first disclosed in late May, received significant usage from both\r\nAPT and cybercrime groups throughout June after it was patched by Microsoft. Follina is a remote code execution\r\nhttps://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/continued-cyber-activity-in-eastern-europe-observed-by-tag/\r\nPage 1 of 2\n\n(RCE) vulnerability in the Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT).\r\nConsistent with CERT-UA reporting, TAG observed multiple Russian GRU actors - APT28 and Sandworm -\r\nconduct campaigns exploiting the Follina vulnerability. The Sandworm campaign used compromised government\r\naccounts to send links to Microsoft Office documents hosted on compromised domains, primarily targeting media\r\norganizations in Ukraine.\r\nTAG has also observed an increasing number of financially motivated actors targeting Ukraine. One recent\r\ncampaign from a group tracked by CERT-UA as UAC-0098 delivered malicious documents with the Follina\r\nexploit in password-protected archives, impersonating the State Tax Service of Ukraine. We assess this actor is a\r\nformer initial ransomware access broker who previously worked with the Conti ransomware group distributing the\r\nIcedID banking trojan based on overlaps in infrastructure, tools used in previous campaigns, and a unique cryptor.\r\nGhostwriter/UNC1151, a threat actor attributed to Belarus, has remained active targeting accounts of webmail\r\nand social media networks of Polish users. They continue to use the 'Browser in the Browser' phishing technique\r\nthat TAG first observed and described in March. An example of this technique, used to target Facebook users, can\r\nbe seen in the screenshot below.\r\nAn example of this technique used to target Facebook users\r\nCOLDRIVER, a Russian-based threat actor sometimes referred to as Callisto, continues to send credential\r\nphishing emails to targets including government and defense officials, politicians, NGOs and think tanks, and\r\njournalists. In addition to including phishing links directly in the email, the attackers also link to PDFs and/or\r\nDOCs, hosted on Google Drive and Microsoft One Drive, that contain a link to an attacker-controlled phishing\r\ndomain. In at least one case, unrelated to Ukraine, they have leaked information from a compromised account.\r\nThese phishing domains have been blocked through Google Safe Browsing – a service that identifies unsafe\r\nwebsites across the web and notifies users and website owners of potential harm.\r\nExample of a recent COLDRIVER phishing lure\r\nIn another campaign tracked by CERT-UA as UAC-0056 we observed compromised email addresses of a\r\nRegional Prosecutor’s office of Ukraine leveraged to send malicious Microsoft Excel documents with VBA\r\nmacros delivering Cobalt Strike. In just two days, the volume observed and categorized as spam by Gmail\r\nexceeded 4,500 emails. Email contents vary from COVID-19 vaccine policy to the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine.\r\nRelated stories\r\nSource: https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/continued-cyber-activity-in-eastern-europe-observed-by-tag/\r\nhttps://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/continued-cyber-activity-in-eastern-europe-observed-by-tag/\r\nPage 2 of 2",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"ETDA",
		"Malpedia"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/continued-cyber-activity-in-eastern-europe-observed-by-tag/"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"continued-cyber-activity-in-eastern-europe-observed-by-tag"
	],
	"threat_actors": [
		{
			"id": "8aaa5515-92dd-448d-bb20-3a253f4f8854",
			"created_at": "2024-06-19T02:03:08.147099Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.685355Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON HUNTER",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK13 ",
				"Belugasturgeon ",
				"Blue Python ",
				"CTG-8875 ",
				"ITG12 ",
				"KRYPTON ",
				"MAKERSMARK ",
				"Pensive Ursa ",
				"Secret Blizzard ",
				"Turla",
				"UAC-0003 ",
				"UAC-0024 ",
				"UNC4210 ",
				"Venomous Bear ",
				"Waterbug "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON HUNTER",
			"tools": [
				"Carbon-DLL",
				"ComRAT",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Mosquito",
				"PyFlash",
				"Skipper",
				"Snake",
				"Tavdig"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "f29188d8-2750-4099-9199-09a516c58314",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:25.068489Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.827361Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "MOONSCAPE",
			"aliases": [
				"TA445 ",
				"UAC-0051 ",
				"UNC1151 "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:MOONSCAPE",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "eecf54a2-2deb-41e5-9857-fed94a53f858",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.349959Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.296196Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "SaintBear",
			"aliases": [
				"Bleeding Bear",
				"Cadet Blizzard",
				"Nascent Ursa",
				"Nodaria",
				"Storm-0587",
				"DEV-0587",
				"Saint Bear",
				"EMBER BEAR",
				"UNC2589",
				"TA471",
				"UAC-0056",
				"FROZENVISTA",
				"Lorec53",
				"Lorec Bear"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:SaintBear",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "79bd28a6-dc10-419b-bee7-25511ae9d3d4",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.581534Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.029872Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Callisto",
			"aliases": [
				"BlueCharlie",
				"Star Blizzard",
				"TAG-53",
				"Blue Callisto",
				"TA446",
				"IRON FRONTIER",
				"UNC4057",
				"COLDRIVER",
				"SEABORGIUM",
				"GOSSAMER BEAR"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Callisto",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "119c8bea-816e-4799-942b-ff375026671e",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.957309Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.807212Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Operation Ghostwriter",
			"aliases": [
				"DEV-0257",
				"Operation Asylum Ambuscade",
				"PUSHCHA",
				"Storm-0257",
				"TA445",
				"UAC-0051",
				"UAC-0057",
				"UNC1151",
				"White Lynx"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Operation Ghostwriter",
			"tools": [
				"Agentemis",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"CobaltStrike",
				"HALFSHELL",
				"Impacket",
				"RADIOSTAR",
				"VIDEOKILLER",
				"cobeacon"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "c28760b2-5ec6-42ad-852f-be00372a7ce4",
			"created_at": "2022-10-27T08:27:13.172734Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.279557Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Ember Bear",
			"aliases": [
				"Ember Bear",
				"UNC2589",
				"Bleeding Bear",
				"DEV-0586",
				"Cadet Blizzard",
				"Frozenvista",
				"UAC-0056"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Ember Bear",
			"tools": [
				"P.A.S. Webshell",
				"CrackMapExec",
				"ngrok",
				"reGeorg",
				"WhisperGate",
				"Saint Bot",
				"PsExec",
				"Rclone",
				"Impacket"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
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		},
		{
			"id": "a97cf06d-c2e2-4771-99a2-c9dee0d6a0ac",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.349252Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.949821Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK 13",
				"Belugasturgeon",
				"Blue Python",
				"CTG-8875",
				"G0010",
				"Group 88",
				"ITG12",
				"Iron Hunter",
				"Krypton",
				"Makersmark",
				"Operation Epic Turla",
				"Operation Moonlight Maze",
				"Operation Penguin Turla",
				"Operation Satellite Turla",
				"Operation Skipper Turla",
				"Operation Turla Mosquito",
				"Operation WITCHCOVEN",
				"Pacifier APT",
				"Pensive Ursa",
				"Popeye",
				"SIG15",
				"SIG2",
				"SIG23",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"TAG-0530",
				"Turla",
				"UNC4210",
				"Venomous Bear",
				"Waterbug"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Turla",
			"tools": [
				"ASPXSpy",
				"ASPXTool",
				"ATI-Agent",
				"AdobeARM",
				"Agent.BTZ",
				"Agent.DNE",
				"ApolloShadow",
				"BigBoss",
				"COMpfun",
				"Chinch",
				"Cloud Duke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cobra Carbon System",
				"ComRAT",
				"DoublePulsar",
				"EmPyre",
				"EmpireProject",
				"Epic Turla",
				"EternalBlue",
				"EternalRomance",
				"GoldenSky",
				"Group Policy Results Tool",
				"HTML5 Encoding",
				"HyperStack",
				"IcedCoffee",
				"IronNetInjector",
				"KSL0T",
				"Kapushka",
				"Kazuar",
				"KopiLuwak",
				"Kotel",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Living off the Land",
				"Maintools.js",
				"Metasploit",
				"Meterpreter",
				"MiamiBeach",
				"Mimikatz",
				"MiniDionis",
				"Minit",
				"NBTscan",
				"NETTRANS",
				"NETVulture",
				"Neptun",
				"NetFlash",
				"NewPass",
				"Outlook Backdoor",
				"Penquin Turla",
				"Pfinet",
				"PowerShell Empire",
				"PowerShellRunner",
				"PowerShellRunner-based RPC backdoor",
				"PowerStallion",
				"PsExec",
				"PyFlash",
				"QUIETCANARY",
				"Reductor RAT",
				"RocketMan",
				"SMBTouch",
				"SScan",
				"Satellite Turla",
				"SilentMoon",
				"Sun rootkit",
				"TTNG",
				"TadjMakhal",
				"Tavdig",
				"TinyTurla",
				"TinyTurla Next Generation",
				"TinyTurla-NG",
				"Topinambour",
				"Tunnus",
				"Turla",
				"Turla SilentMoon",
				"TurlaChopper",
				"Uroburos",
				"Urouros",
				"WCE",
				"WITCHCOVEN",
				"WhiteAtlas",
				"WhiteBear",
				"Windows Credential Editor",
				"Windows Credentials Editor",
				"Wipbot",
				"WorldCupSec",
				"XTRANS",
				"certutil",
				"certutil.exe",
				"gpresult",
				"nbtscan",
				"nbtstat",
				"pwdump"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
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		},
		{
			"id": "8941e146-3e7f-4b4e-9b66-c2da052ee6df",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.402513Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.959797Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Sandworm",
			"aliases": [
				"IRIDIUM",
				"Blue Echidna",
				"VOODOO BEAR",
				"FROZENBARENTS",
				"UAC-0113",
				"Seashell Blizzard",
				"UAC-0082",
				"APT44",
				"Quedagh",
				"TEMP.Noble",
				"IRON VIKING",
				"G0034",
				"ELECTRUM",
				"TeleBots"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Sandworm",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "03a6f362-cbab-4ce9-925d-306b8c937bf1",
			"created_at": "2024-11-01T02:00:52.635907Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.339384Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Saint Bear",
			"aliases": [
				"Saint Bear",
				"Storm-0587",
				"TA471",
				"UAC-0056",
				"Lorec53"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Saint Bear",
			"tools": [
				"OutSteel",
				"Saint Bot"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "75108fc1-7f6a-450e-b024-10284f3f62bb",
			"created_at": "2024-11-01T02:00:52.756877Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.273746Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Play",
			"aliases": null,
			"source_name": "MITRE:Play",
			"tools": [
				"Nltest",
				"AdFind",
				"PsExec",
				"Wevtutil",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"Playcrypt",
				"Mimikatz"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "3aedca2f-6f6c-4470-af26-a46097d3eab5",
			"created_at": "2024-11-01T02:00:52.689773Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.396502Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Star Blizzard",
			"aliases": [
				"Star Blizzard",
				"SEABORGIUM",
				"Callisto Group",
				"TA446",
				"COLDRIVER"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Star Blizzard",
			"tools": [
				"Spica"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "7bd810cb-d674-4763-86eb-2cc182d24ea0",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.1537Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.883793Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Sandworm Team",
			"aliases": [
				"APT 44",
				"ATK 14",
				"BE2",
				"Blue Echidna",
				"CTG-7263",
				"FROZENBARENTS",
				"G0034",
				"Grey Tornado",
				"IRIDIUM",
				"Iron Viking",
				"Quedagh",
				"Razing Ursa",
				"Sandworm",
				"Sandworm Team",
				"Seashell Blizzard",
				"TEMP.Noble",
				"UAC-0082",
				"UAC-0113",
				"UAC-0125",
				"UAC-0133",
				"Voodoo Bear"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Sandworm Team",
			"tools": [
				"AWFULSHRED",
				"ArguePatch",
				"BIASBOAT",
				"Black Energy",
				"BlackEnergy",
				"CaddyWiper",
				"Colibri Loader",
				"Cyclops Blink",
				"CyclopsBlink",
				"DCRat",
				"DarkCrystal RAT",
				"Fobushell",
				"GOSSIPFLOW",
				"Gcat",
				"IcyWell",
				"Industroyer2",
				"JaguarBlade",
				"JuicyPotato",
				"Kapeka",
				"KillDisk.NCX",
				"LOADGRIP",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"Living off the Land",
				"ORCSHRED",
				"P.A.S.",
				"PassKillDisk",
				"Pitvotnacci",
				"PsList",
				"QUEUESEED",
				"RansomBoggs",
				"RottenPotato",
				"SOLOSHRED",
				"SwiftSlicer",
				"VPNFilter",
				"Warzone",
				"Warzone RAT",
				"Weevly"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "8a33d3ac-14ba-441c-92c1-39975e9e1a73",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.195689Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.243054Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Ghostwriter",
			"aliases": [
				"UAC-0057",
				"UNC1151",
				"TA445",
				"PUSHCHA",
				"Storm-0257",
				"DEV-0257"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Ghostwriter",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a97fee0d-af4b-4661-ae17-858925438fc4",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.396415Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.957137Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"TAG_0530",
				"Pacifier APT",
				"Blue Python",
				"UNC4210",
				"UAC-0003",
				"VENOMOUS Bear",
				"Waterbug",
				"Pfinet",
				"KRYPTON",
				"Popeye",
				"SIG23",
				"ATK13",
				"ITG12",
				"Group 88",
				"Uroburos",
				"Hippo Team",
				"IRON HUNTER",
				"MAKERSMARK",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"UAC-0144",
				"UAC-0024",
				"G0010"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Turla",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "d11c89bb-1640-45fa-8322-6f4e4053d7f3",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.509601Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.277674Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"Turla",
				"IRON HUNTER",
				"Group 88",
				"Waterbug",
				"WhiteBear",
				"Krypton",
				"Venomous Bear",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"BELUGASTURGEON"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Turla",
			"tools": [
				"PsExec",
				"nbtstat",
				"ComRAT",
				"netstat",
				"certutil",
				"KOPILUWAK",
				"IronNetInjector",
				"LunarWeb",
				"Arp",
				"Uroburos",
				"PowerStallion",
				"Kazuar",
				"Systeminfo",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Tasklist",
				"LunarMail",
				"HyperStack",
				"NBTscan",
				"TinyTurla",
				"Penquin",
				"LunarLoader"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
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