{
	"id": "6ca680fb-8363-42e2-b97d-75e7a99a9e98",
	"created_at": "2026-04-06T00:11:24.858265Z",
	"updated_at": "2026-04-10T03:37:50.391443Z",
	"deleted_at": null,
	"sha1_hash": "e57eeaa8cc091aaedd59c9a8a82ceda9d3154eab",
	"title": "Recent OT and Espionage Attacks Linked to Russia’s Sandworm, Now Named APT44",
	"llm_title": "",
	"authors": "",
	"file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_size": 306189,
	"plain_text": "Recent OT and Espionage Attacks Linked to Russia’s Sandworm,\r\nNow Named APT44\r\nBy Eduard Kovacs\r\nPublished: 2024-04-17 · Archived: 2026-04-05 17:19:19 UTC\r\nGoogle Cloud’s Mandiant on Wednesday published a new report summarizing some of the latest activities\r\nof Russia’s notorious Sandworm group, which it has started tracking as APT44. \r\nSandworm is one of Russia’s most well-known threat groups, being involved in operations whose goal is\r\nespionage, disruption, or disinformation. It’s known for the use of highly disruptive malware such as BlackEnergy\r\nand Industroyer. \r\nSince the start of Russia’s war against Ukraine, the group has focused on causing disruption within Ukraine, using\r\nwipers and other tactics to achieve its goals. Its cyber operations are often timed with conventional military\r\nactivities.\r\nSandworm has often been believed to be the same as APT28 (Fancy Bear). While some of their activities overlap\r\nand they are both part of the GRU security service’s Information Operations Troops (VIO), Mandiant says they\r\nare different groups and the company has decided to “graduate” Sandworm to a named advanced persistent threat,\r\nAPT44.\r\nMandiant’s new report reveals that APT44 has been using several hacktivist personas, including Cyber Army of\r\nRussia Reborn (CARR), XAKNET, and Solntsepek. \r\nhttps://packetstormsecurity.com/news/view/35790/Recent-OT-And-Espionage-Attacks-Linked-To-Russias-Sandworm-Now-Named-APT44.html\r\nPage 1 of 3\n\nCARR is interesting because in the past months it has made some claims about being able to manipulate critical\r\ninfrastructure operational technology (OT) assets in the United States and the European Union.\r\nIn January, the ‘hacktivists’ posted videos showing that they were able to manipulate human-machine interfaces\r\n(HMIs) at water utilities in Poland and the US. In March, the group posted a video allegedly showing that it\r\ndisrupted energy generation at a hydroelectric facility in France by manipulating water levels.\r\nAdvertisement. Scroll to continue reading.\r\nWhile their claims could not be verified, publicly available information suggests that the hackers may have indeed\r\ncaused some disruption.\r\n“Approximately two weeks after the Telegram post taking credit for the U.S. targeting, a local official publicly\r\nconfirmed a ‘system malfunction’ that led to a tank overflowing at one of the claimed victim facilities,” Mandiant\r\nsaid in its report. “This activity was reportedly part of a series of cyber incidents impacting multiple local U.S.\r\nwater infrastructure systems that stemmed from ‘vendor software they use that keeps their water systems remotely\r\naccessible’.”\r\nMandiant told SecurityWeek that its latest report for the first time links APT44 to several attacks and operations. \r\nFor instance, since at least April 2023, APT44 has provisioned infrastructure that may have been used by forward-deployed Russian military forces to exfiltrate encrypted Signal and Telegram messages from mobile devices\r\ncaptured on the battlefield.\r\nAPT44 has also conducted a supply chain attack involving wiper malware.\r\n“In one recent case, access to a software developer resulted in the downstream compromise of critical\r\ninfrastructure networks in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, followed by the deployment of wiper malware to a\r\nselect victim organization,” Mandiant said.\r\nA recent attack that targeted the Netherlands-based investigative journalism group Bellingcat and other similar\r\nentities is now also being attributed to APT44 for the first time.\r\nhttps://packetstormsecurity.com/news/view/35790/Recent-OT-And-Espionage-Attacks-Linked-To-Russias-Sandworm-Now-Named-APT44.html\r\nPage 2 of 3\n\n*APT44, according to Malpedia, is also tracked as Blue Echidna, Electrum, FrozenBarents, G0034, Iridium, Iron\r\nViking, Quedagh, Seashell Blizzard, TEMP.Noble, TeleBots, UAC-0082, UAC-0113, and Voodoo Bear.    \r\nRelated: Destructive ICS Malware ‘Fuxnet’ Used by Ukraine Against Russian Infrastructure\r\nRelated: Russian Turla Cyberspies Target Polish NGOs With New Backdoor\r\nSource: https://packetstormsecurity.com/news/view/35790/Recent-OT-And-Espionage-Attacks-Linked-To-Russias-Sandworm-Now-Named-A\r\nPT44.html\r\nhttps://packetstormsecurity.com/news/view/35790/Recent-OT-And-Espionage-Attacks-Linked-To-Russias-Sandworm-Now-Named-APT44.html\r\nPage 3 of 3",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"MISPGALAXY",
		"Malpedia"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://packetstormsecurity.com/news/view/35790/Recent-OT-And-Espionage-Attacks-Linked-To-Russias-Sandworm-Now-Named-APT44.html"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"Recent-OT-And-Espionage-Attacks-Linked-To-Russias-Sandworm-Now-Named-APT44.html"
	],
	"threat_actors": [
		{
			"id": "8aaa5515-92dd-448d-bb20-3a253f4f8854",
			"created_at": "2024-06-19T02:03:08.147099Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.685355Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON HUNTER",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK13 ",
				"Belugasturgeon ",
				"Blue Python ",
				"CTG-8875 ",
				"ITG12 ",
				"KRYPTON ",
				"MAKERSMARK ",
				"Pensive Ursa ",
				"Secret Blizzard ",
				"Turla",
				"UAC-0003 ",
				"UAC-0024 ",
				"UNC4210 ",
				"Venomous Bear ",
				"Waterbug "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON HUNTER",
			"tools": [
				"Carbon-DLL",
				"ComRAT",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Mosquito",
				"PyFlash",
				"Skipper",
				"Snake",
				"Tavdig"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
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		{
			"id": "0661a292-80f3-420b-9951-a50e03c831c0",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.928796Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.148052Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRIDIUM",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:IRIDIUM",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "0bce7575-ba34-4742-afb7-a4d3ade12dbe",
			"created_at": "2023-11-14T02:00:07.091122Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.448867Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "XakNet",
			"aliases": [
				"UAC-0100",
				"UAC-0106"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:XakNet",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "2b45a355-6d1d-44d8-8bc3-20c17e30757d",
			"created_at": "2023-12-21T02:00:06.092349Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.501337Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Solntsepek",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Solntsepek",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
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			"created_at": "2024-04-20T02:00:03.559673Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.618525Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Cyber Army of Russia Reborn",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Cyber Army of Russia Reborn",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
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			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.310589Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.931264Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "TeleBots",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "ETDA:TeleBots",
			"tools": [
				"BadRabbit",
				"Black Energy",
				"BlackEnergy",
				"CredRaptor",
				"Diskcoder.C",
				"EternalPetya",
				"ExPetr",
				"Exaramel",
				"FakeTC",
				"Felixroot",
				"GreyEnergy",
				"GreyEnergy mini",
				"KillDisk",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"Living off the Land",
				"NonPetya",
				"NotPetya",
				"Nyetya",
				"Petna",
				"Petrwrap",
				"Pnyetya",
				"TeleBot",
				"TeleDoor",
				"Win32/KillDisk.NBB",
				"Win32/KillDisk.NBC",
				"Win32/KillDisk.NBD",
				"Win32/KillDisk.NBH",
				"Win32/KillDisk.NBI",
				"nPetya"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
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		},
		{
			"id": "a97cf06d-c2e2-4771-99a2-c9dee0d6a0ac",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.349252Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.949821Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK 13",
				"Belugasturgeon",
				"Blue Python",
				"CTG-8875",
				"G0010",
				"Group 88",
				"ITG12",
				"Iron Hunter",
				"Krypton",
				"Makersmark",
				"Operation Epic Turla",
				"Operation Moonlight Maze",
				"Operation Penguin Turla",
				"Operation Satellite Turla",
				"Operation Skipper Turla",
				"Operation Turla Mosquito",
				"Operation WITCHCOVEN",
				"Pacifier APT",
				"Pensive Ursa",
				"Popeye",
				"SIG15",
				"SIG2",
				"SIG23",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"TAG-0530",
				"Turla",
				"UNC4210",
				"Venomous Bear",
				"Waterbug"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Turla",
			"tools": [
				"ASPXSpy",
				"ASPXTool",
				"ATI-Agent",
				"AdobeARM",
				"Agent.BTZ",
				"Agent.DNE",
				"ApolloShadow",
				"BigBoss",
				"COMpfun",
				"Chinch",
				"Cloud Duke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cobra Carbon System",
				"ComRAT",
				"DoublePulsar",
				"EmPyre",
				"EmpireProject",
				"Epic Turla",
				"EternalBlue",
				"EternalRomance",
				"GoldenSky",
				"Group Policy Results Tool",
				"HTML5 Encoding",
				"HyperStack",
				"IcedCoffee",
				"IronNetInjector",
				"KSL0T",
				"Kapushka",
				"Kazuar",
				"KopiLuwak",
				"Kotel",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Living off the Land",
				"Maintools.js",
				"Metasploit",
				"Meterpreter",
				"MiamiBeach",
				"Mimikatz",
				"MiniDionis",
				"Minit",
				"NBTscan",
				"NETTRANS",
				"NETVulture",
				"Neptun",
				"NetFlash",
				"NewPass",
				"Outlook Backdoor",
				"Penquin Turla",
				"Pfinet",
				"PowerShell Empire",
				"PowerShellRunner",
				"PowerShellRunner-based RPC backdoor",
				"PowerStallion",
				"PsExec",
				"PyFlash",
				"QUIETCANARY",
				"Reductor RAT",
				"RocketMan",
				"SMBTouch",
				"SScan",
				"Satellite Turla",
				"SilentMoon",
				"Sun rootkit",
				"TTNG",
				"TadjMakhal",
				"Tavdig",
				"TinyTurla",
				"TinyTurla Next Generation",
				"TinyTurla-NG",
				"Topinambour",
				"Tunnus",
				"Turla",
				"Turla SilentMoon",
				"TurlaChopper",
				"Uroburos",
				"Urouros",
				"WCE",
				"WITCHCOVEN",
				"WhiteAtlas",
				"WhiteBear",
				"Windows Credential Editor",
				"Windows Credentials Editor",
				"Wipbot",
				"WorldCupSec",
				"XTRANS",
				"certutil",
				"certutil.exe",
				"gpresult",
				"nbtscan",
				"nbtstat",
				"pwdump"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
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		},
		{
			"id": "8941e146-3e7f-4b4e-9b66-c2da052ee6df",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.402513Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.959797Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Sandworm",
			"aliases": [
				"IRIDIUM",
				"Blue Echidna",
				"VOODOO BEAR",
				"FROZENBARENTS",
				"UAC-0113",
				"Seashell Blizzard",
				"UAC-0082",
				"APT44",
				"Quedagh",
				"TEMP.Noble",
				"IRON VIKING",
				"G0034",
				"ELECTRUM",
				"TeleBots"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Sandworm",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
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		{
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			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.1537Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.883793Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Sandworm Team",
			"aliases": [
				"APT 44",
				"ATK 14",
				"BE2",
				"Blue Echidna",
				"CTG-7263",
				"FROZENBARENTS",
				"G0034",
				"Grey Tornado",
				"IRIDIUM",
				"Iron Viking",
				"Quedagh",
				"Razing Ursa",
				"Sandworm",
				"Sandworm Team",
				"Seashell Blizzard",
				"TEMP.Noble",
				"UAC-0082",
				"UAC-0113",
				"UAC-0125",
				"UAC-0133",
				"Voodoo Bear"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Sandworm Team",
			"tools": [
				"AWFULSHRED",
				"ArguePatch",
				"BIASBOAT",
				"Black Energy",
				"BlackEnergy",
				"CaddyWiper",
				"Colibri Loader",
				"Cyclops Blink",
				"CyclopsBlink",
				"DCRat",
				"DarkCrystal RAT",
				"Fobushell",
				"GOSSIPFLOW",
				"Gcat",
				"IcyWell",
				"Industroyer2",
				"JaguarBlade",
				"JuicyPotato",
				"Kapeka",
				"KillDisk.NCX",
				"LOADGRIP",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"Living off the Land",
				"ORCSHRED",
				"P.A.S.",
				"PassKillDisk",
				"Pitvotnacci",
				"PsList",
				"QUEUESEED",
				"RansomBoggs",
				"RottenPotato",
				"SOLOSHRED",
				"SwiftSlicer",
				"VPNFilter",
				"Warzone",
				"Warzone RAT",
				"Weevly"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
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		},
		{
			"id": "75455540-2f6e-467c-9225-8fe670e50c47",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.740266Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.732992Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Iridium",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Iridium",
			"tools": [
				"CHINACHOPPER",
				"China Chopper",
				"LazyCat",
				"Powerkatz",
				"SinoChopper",
				"reGeorg"
			],
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		},
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			"id": "3a0be4ff-9074-4efd-98e4-47c6a62b14ad",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.590051Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.679488Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Energetic Bear",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK 6",
				"Blue Kraken",
				"Crouching Yeti",
				"Dragonfly",
				"Electrum",
				"Energetic Bear",
				"G0035",
				"Ghost Blizzard",
				"Group 24",
				"ITG15",
				"Iron Liberty",
				"Koala Team",
				"TG-4192"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Energetic Bear",
			"tools": [
				"Backdoor.Oldrea",
				"CRASHOVERRIDE",
				"Commix",
				"CrackMapExec",
				"CrashOverride",
				"Dirsearch",
				"Dorshel",
				"Fertger",
				"Fuerboos",
				"Goodor",
				"Havex",
				"Havex RAT",
				"Hello EK",
				"Heriplor",
				"Impacket",
				"Industroyer",
				"Karagany",
				"Karagny",
				"LightsOut 2.0",
				"LightsOut EK",
				"Listrix",
				"Oldrea",
				"PEACEPIPE",
				"PHPMailer",
				"PsExec",
				"SMBTrap",
				"Subbrute",
				"Sublist3r",
				"Sysmain",
				"Trojan.Karagany",
				"WSO",
				"Webshell by Orb",
				"Win32/Industroyer",
				"Wpscan",
				"nmap",
				"sqlmap",
				"xFrost"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
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		},
		{
			"id": "a66438a8-ebf6-4397-9ad5-ed07f93330aa",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:47:55.919702Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.618194Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON VIKING",
			"aliases": [
				"APT44 ",
				"ATK14 ",
				"BlackEnergy Group",
				"Blue Echidna ",
				"CTG-7263 ",
				"ELECTRUM ",
				"FROZENBARENTS ",
				"Hades/OlympicDestroyer ",
				"IRIDIUM ",
				"Qudedagh ",
				"Sandworm Team ",
				"Seashell Blizzard ",
				"TEMP.Noble ",
				"Telebots ",
				"Voodoo Bear "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON VIKING",
			"tools": [
				"BadRabbit",
				"BlackEnergy",
				"GCat",
				"NotPetya",
				"PSCrypt",
				"TeleBot",
				"TeleDoor",
				"xData"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a97fee0d-af4b-4661-ae17-858925438fc4",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.396415Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.957137Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"TAG_0530",
				"Pacifier APT",
				"Blue Python",
				"UNC4210",
				"UAC-0003",
				"VENOMOUS Bear",
				"Waterbug",
				"Pfinet",
				"KRYPTON",
				"Popeye",
				"SIG23",
				"ATK13",
				"ITG12",
				"Group 88",
				"Uroburos",
				"Hippo Team",
				"IRON HUNTER",
				"MAKERSMARK",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"UAC-0144",
				"UAC-0024",
				"G0010"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Turla",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "d11c89bb-1640-45fa-8322-6f4e4053d7f3",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.509601Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.277674Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"Turla",
				"IRON HUNTER",
				"Group 88",
				"Waterbug",
				"WhiteBear",
				"Krypton",
				"Venomous Bear",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"BELUGASTURGEON"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Turla",
			"tools": [
				"PsExec",
				"nbtstat",
				"ComRAT",
				"netstat",
				"certutil",
				"KOPILUWAK",
				"IronNetInjector",
				"LunarWeb",
				"Arp",
				"Uroburos",
				"PowerStallion",
				"Kazuar",
				"Systeminfo",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Tasklist",
				"LunarMail",
				"HyperStack",
				"NBTscan",
				"TinyTurla",
				"Penquin",
				"LunarLoader"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "730dfa6e-572d-473c-9267-ea1597d1a42b",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.389985Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.954105Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT28",
			"aliases": [
				"Pawn Storm",
				"ATK5",
				"Fighting Ursa",
				"Blue Athena",
				"TA422",
				"T-APT-12",
				"APT-C-20",
				"UAC-0001",
				"IRON TWILIGHT",
				"SIG40",
				"UAC-0028",
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			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.27483Z",
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				"IRON VIKING",
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			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.212584Z",
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				"ATK 5",
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	"ts_created_at": 1775434284,
	"ts_updated_at": 1775792270,
	"ts_creation_date": 0,
	"ts_modification_date": 0,
	"files": {
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		"text": "https://archive.orkl.eu/e57eeaa8cc091aaedd59c9a8a82ceda9d3154eab.txt",
		"img": "https://archive.orkl.eu/e57eeaa8cc091aaedd59c9a8a82ceda9d3154eab.jpg"
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}