{ "id": "a8ab9002-8675-42da-91e7-d0467f8ae904", "created_at": "2026-04-06T01:29:22.152855Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T13:11:28.232886Z", "deleted_at": null, "sha1_hash": "d2c8393db11805e85ff8b19e30081bcf56de9bab", "title": "DNSMessenger (Malware Family)", "llm_title": "", "authors": "", "file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_size": 52950, "plain_text": "DNSMessenger (Malware Family)\r\nBy Fraunhofer FKIE\r\nArchived: 2026-04-06 00:58:10 UTC\r\nwin.dnsmessenger (Back to overview)\r\nDNSMessenger\r\naka: TEXTMATE\r\nActor(s): Anunak\r\nDNSMessenger makes use of DNS TXT record queries and responses to create a bidirectional Command and\r\nControl (C2) channel. This allows the attacker to use DNS communications to submit new commands to be run on\r\ninfected machines and return the results of the command execution to the attacker.\r\nReferences\r\n2022-04-27 ⋅ ⋅ ANSSI ⋅ ANSSI\r\nLE GROUPE CYBERCRIMINEL FIN7\r\nBateleur BELLHOP Griffon SQLRat POWERSOURCE Andromeda BABYMETAL BlackCat BlackMatter\r\nBOOSTWRITE Carbanak Cobalt Strike DNSMessenger Dridex DRIFTPIN Gameover P2P MimiKatz\r\nMurofet Qadars Ranbyus SocksBot\r\n2022-03-31 ⋅ APNIC ⋅ Debashis Pal\r\nHow to: Detect and prevent common data exfiltration attacks\r\nAgent Tesla DNSMessenger PingBack Rising Sun\r\n2018-10-01 ⋅ FireEye ⋅ Katie Nickels, Regina Elwell\r\nATT\u0026CKing FIN7\r\nBateleur BELLHOP Griffon ANTAK POWERPIPE POWERSOURCE HALFBAKED BABYMETAL\r\nCarbanak Cobalt Strike DNSMessenger DRIFTPIN PILLOWMINT SocksBot\r\n2017-10-11 ⋅ Wraith Hacker Blog ⋅ Wraith Hacker\r\nMore info on 'Evolved DNSMessenger'\r\nDNSMessenger\r\nhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.dnsmessenger\r\nPage 1 of 2\n\n2017-10-11 ⋅ Cisco Talos ⋅ @Simpo13, Colin Grady, Dave Maynor, Edmund Brumaghin\r\nSpoofed SEC Emails Distribute Evolved DNSMessenger\r\nDNSMessenger\r\n2017-03-02 ⋅ Cisco ⋅ Colin Grady, Edmund Brumaghin\r\nCovert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger\r\nDNSMessenger\r\nThere is no Yara-Signature yet.\r\nSource: https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.dnsmessenger\r\nhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.dnsmessenger\r\nPage 2 of 2", "extraction_quality": 1, "language": "EN", "sources": [ "ETDA" ], "origins": [ "web" ], "references": [ "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.dnsmessenger" ], "report_names": [ "win.dnsmessenger" ], "threat_actors": [ { "id": "c9617bb6-45c8-495e-9759-2177e61a8e91", "created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.405039Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.387643Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Carbanak", "aliases": [ "Carbanak", "Anunak" ], "source_name": "MITRE:Carbanak", "tools": [ "Carbanak", "Mimikatz", "PsExec", "netsh" ], "source_id": "MITRE", "reports": null }, { "id": "9de1979b-40fc-44dc-855d-193edda4f3b8", "created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.92723Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.755516Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "GOLD LOCUST", "aliases": [ "Anunak", "Carbanak", "Carbon Spider ", "FIN7 ", "Silicon " ], "source_name": "Secureworks:GOLD LOCUST", "tools": [ "Carbanak" ], "source_id": "Secureworks", "reports": null }, { "id": "610a7295-3139-4f34-8cec-b3da40add480", "created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.608142Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.03764Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Cobalt", "aliases": [ "Cobalt Group", "Cobalt Gang", "GOLD KINGSWOOD", "COBALT SPIDER", "G0080", "Mule Libra" ], "source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Cobalt", "tools": [], "source_id": "MISPGALAXY", "reports": null }, { "id": "bb8702c5-52ac-4359-8409-998a7cc3eeaf", "created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.405479Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.961112Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "FIN7", "aliases": [ "ATK32", "G0046", "G0008", "Sangria Tempest", "ELBRUS", "GOLD NIAGARA", "Coreid", "Carbanak", "Carbon Spider", "JokerStash", "CARBON SPIDER" ], "source_name": "MISPGALAXY:FIN7", "tools": [], "source_id": "MISPGALAXY", "reports": null }, { "id": "ed3810b7-141a-4ed0-8a01-6a972b80458d", "created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.443259Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.602946Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Carbanak", "aliases": [ "Anunak", "Carbanak", "Carbon Spider", "ELBRUS", "G0008", "Gold Waterfall", "Sangria Tempest" ], "source_name": "ETDA:Carbanak", "tools": [ "AVE_MARIA", "Agentemis", "AmmyyRAT", "Antak", "Anunak", "Ave Maria", "AveMariaRAT", "BABYMETAL", "BIRDDOG", "Backdoor Batel", "Batel", "Bateleur", "BlackMatter", "Boostwrite", "Cain \u0026 Abel", "Carbanak", "Cl0p", "Cobalt Strike", "CobaltStrike", "DNSMessenger", "DNSRat", "DNSbot", "DRIFTPIN", "DarkSide", "FOXGRABBER", "FlawedAmmyy", "HALFBAKED", "JS Flash", "KLRD", "MBR Eraser", "Mimikatz", "Nadrac", "Odinaff", "POWERPIPE", "POWERSOURCE", "PsExec", "SQLRAT", "Sekur", "Sekur RAT", "SocksBot", "SoftPerfect Network Scanner", "Spy.Agent.ORM", "TEXTMATE", "TeamViewer", "TiniMet", "TinyMet", "Toshliph", "VB Flash", "WARPRISM", "avemaria", "cobeacon" ], "source_id": "ETDA", "reports": null }, { "id": "f4f16213-7a22-4527-aecb-b964c64c2c46", "created_at": "2024-06-19T02:03:08.090932Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.6289Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "GOLD NIAGARA", "aliases": [ "Calcium ", "Carbanak", "Carbon Spider ", "FIN7 ", "Navigator ", "Sangria Tempest ", "TelePort Crew " ], "source_name": "Secureworks:GOLD NIAGARA", "tools": [ "Bateleur", "Carbanak", "Cobalt Strike", "DICELOADER", "DRIFTPIN", "GGLDR", "GRIFFON", "JSSLoader", "Meterpreter", "OFFTRACK", "PILLOWMINT", "POWERTRASH", "SUPERSOFT", "TAKEOUT", "TinyMet" ], "source_id": "Secureworks", "reports": null }, { "id": "bfded1cf-be73-44f9-a391-0751c9996f9a", "created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.337107Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.252413Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "FIN7", "aliases": [ "FIN7", "GOLD NIAGARA", "ITG14", "Carbon Spider", "ELBRUS", "Sangria Tempest" ], "source_name": "MITRE:FIN7", "tools": [ "Mimikatz", "AdFind", "JSS Loader", "HALFBAKED", "REvil", "PowerSploit", "CrackMapExec", "Carbanak", "Pillowmint", "Cobalt Strike", "POWERSOURCE", "RDFSNIFFER", "SQLRat", "Lizar", "TEXTMATE", "BOOSTWRITE" ], "source_id": "MITRE", "reports": null }, { "id": "d85adfe3-e1c3-40b0-b8bb-d1bacadc4d82", "created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.619566Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.690061Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "FIN7", "aliases": [ "APT-C-11", "ATK 32", "G0046", "Gold Niagara", "GrayAlpha", "ITG14", "TAG-CR1" ], "source_name": "ETDA:FIN7", "tools": [ "7Logger", "Agentemis", "Anubis Backdoor", "Anunak", "Astra", "BIOLOAD", "BIRDWATCH", "Bateleur", "Boostwrite", "CROWVIEW", "Carbanak", "Cobalt Strike", "CobaltStrike", "DICELOADER", "DNSMessenger", "FOWLGAZE", "HALFBAKED", "JSSLoader", "KillACK", "LOADOUT", "Lizar", "Meterpreter", "Mimikatz", "NetSupport", "NetSupport Manager", "NetSupport Manager RAT", "NetSupport RAT", "NetSupportManager RAT", "POWERPLANT", "POWERSOURCE", "RDFSNIFFER", "Ragnar Loader", "SQLRAT", "Sardonic", "Sekur", "Sekur RAT", "TEXTMATE", "Tirion", "VB Flash", "cobeacon" ], "source_id": "ETDA", "reports": null } ], "ts_created_at": 1775438962, "ts_updated_at": 1775826688, "ts_creation_date": 0, "ts_modification_date": 0, "files": { "pdf": "https://archive.orkl.eu/d2c8393db11805e85ff8b19e30081bcf56de9bab.pdf", "text": "https://archive.orkl.eu/d2c8393db11805e85ff8b19e30081bcf56de9bab.txt", "img": "https://archive.orkl.eu/d2c8393db11805e85ff8b19e30081bcf56de9bab.jpg" } }