{
	"id": "49fc4ddc-8ad1-4185-ace0-9d0ef8326319",
	"created_at": "2026-04-06T00:11:01.891734Z",
	"updated_at": "2026-04-10T03:37:21.550465Z",
	"deleted_at": null,
	"sha1_hash": "ca8958c804a7df2c8d79e14d5036648ec9eb6836",
	"title": "Space Pirates Target Russian Aerospace",
	"llm_title": "",
	"authors": "",
	"file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_size": 7531489,
	"plain_text": "Space Pirates Target Russian Aerospace\r\nBy PolySwarm Tech Team\r\nArchived: 2026-04-05 13:34:13 UTC\r\nBackgroundPositive Technologies recently reported on an espionage campaign in which a previously unknown\r\nthreat actor group targeted the Russian aerospace industry. Researchers at Positive Technologies dubbed the group\r\nSpace Pirates.\r\nAbout The CampaignPositive Technologies first encountered the campaign in late 2019 after discovering a\r\nphishing email targeting an entity in the Russian aerospace industry. The malware payload was previously\r\nunknown. In 2020, Positive Technologies researchers again encountered the same malware while responding to an\r\nincident at a Russian government organization. During the course of the investigation, researchers discovered\r\nmultiple malware families leveraging the same infrastructure. In mid-2021, the researchers encountered similar\r\nattacks at two more organizations.\r\nThe campaign targeted government agencies and IT departments, aerospace, and critical infrastructure in Russia,\r\nGeorgia, and Mongolia. The threat actor also reportedly targeted multiple Chinese entities in the financial vertical.\r\nAccording to Positive Technologies, the TTPs in the campaign do not clearly match any known APT group. They\r\nnamed the previously unknown group Space Pirates. The researchers presume the threat actors are of Chinese\r\nnexus due to the presence of the Chinese language in resources, SFX archives, and PDB paths, as well as due to\r\nTTP overlaps with previously identified Chinese threat actor groups.\r\nhttps://blog.polyswarm.io/space-pirates-target-russian-aerospace\r\nPage 1 of 3\n\nMultiple tools used in the campaign included MyKLoadClient, Zupdax, Downloader.Climax.A,\r\nDownloader.Climax.B, RTLShare, PlugX, BH_A006, and Deed RAT.\r\nMyKLoadClientMyKLoadClient was distributed via spearphishing emails. It is a loader using SFX archives\r\ncombined with DLL side-loading through an auxiliary launcher library signed by McAfee Inc. The launcher gives\r\nthreat actors close control over the infection.\r\nZupdaxZupdax backdoor is written in C++ and has been active since at least 2014. It appears to be the same as\r\nthe Korplug payload. Zupdax uses the UDT protocol to interact with the C2. It collects and sends system\r\ninformation and allows the threat actors to interact with the victim’s machine.\r\nDownloader.Climax.A and Downloader.Climax.BIn this campaign, the threat actors utilized two loaders using\r\nRussian text decoy documents. Downloader.Climax.A is associated with bamo.ocry[.]com, 45.77.244[.]191, and\r\n45.76.145[.]22. Researchers could not determine which malware the downloader delivered. Downloader.Climax.B\r\nleverages vulnerabilities in Microsoft Equation Editor.\r\nRTLShareThe RTLShare payload is based on the same code used in PcShare backdoor but has its own execution\r\nchain involving three separate DLLs. The initial infection stage uses rtlstat.dll, which exports a single embedding\r\nfunction and extracts the next stage library rtlmake.dll. In its end-stage activity, the dropper launches the\r\nextricated DLL using regsvr32.exe and then deletes itself. The rtlmake.dll injector extracts the next stage DLL and\r\ninjects its code into the rdpclip.exe process. The final DLL is rtlmain.dll, which is based on the code of PcMain,\r\nthe main PcShare backdoor module.\r\nPlugXPlugX is a backdoor RAT used by both criminals and multiple state-sponsored threat actor groups. In the\r\nvariant used in the Space Pirates campaign, the main payload is implemented as a DLL, as with other PlugX\r\nversions. In the Space Pirates sample, the PLUG string differed from most variants, with the value of\r\n0xCF455089, and the size of the configuration was non-standard at 0x1924 bytes. Some instances of this variant\r\nare extracted using a dropper with the executable named demo.exe.\r\nBH_A006BH_A006 has a modified Gh0st backdoor as a payload.\r\nDeed RATDeed RAT is a modular backdoor, previously unknown to researchers. Deed RAT’s C2 is\r\nftp.microft.dynssl[.]com, which appears to be a part of threat actor-controlled infrastructure. The payload\r\nexecution scheme is similar to that of PlugX, using a legitimate EXE file signed by Trend Micro to load a\r\nmalicious DLL during execution, which in turn executes the encrypted shellcode from a tmp file. The shellcode is\r\nthe main module loader. The module has three sections with different access rights. The first section contains\r\nexecutable code and the RX rights set for its memory area. The other two sections have the RW rights.\r\nThe main backdoor loads and manages plugins that implement various functions, and its data section contains\r\neight encrypted plugins. Each plugin performs five utility operations: initialization, getting the numeric plugin ID,\r\ngetting the name of the plugin, obtaining a link to the structure in the plugin’s API functions, and releasing\r\nresources. The network plugin extracts the C2 address as a URL string and selects one of the connectors available\r\nin the NetSocket plugin. Messages are compressed using the LZNT algorithm and are encrypted using a random\r\nkey with a modified Salsa20 algorithm. The backdoor also allows the malware to obtain a new C2 via the HTTP\r\nprotocol. The backdoor is capable of collecting information about the system, creating a separate connection for\r\nhttps://blog.polyswarm.io/space-pirates-target-russian-aerospace\r\nPage 2 of 3\n\nworking with plugins, removing itself, issuing empty commands, deactivating the connection, uploading shellcode\r\nfor an injection stored in the registry, and updating the main shellcode on disk.\r\nWho are Space Pirates?According to Positive Technologies, Space Pirates are a presumably Chinese nexus threat\r\nactor group active since at least 2017. Their main objectives are espionage and information theft. Their goals\r\npotentially point to state-sponsored activity, as the campaign closely aligns with intelligence collection\r\nrequirements related to China’s 14th Five Year Plan. The current Five Year Plan spans from 2021-to 2025 and\r\nincludes a focus on deep space exploration and satellite-based communications networks.\r\nSpace Pirates use multiple tools not previously observed in the wild. Their TTPs include but are not limited to\r\nspearphishing, MyKLoadClient, BH_A006, and Deed RAT. They also use tools employed by other threat actor\r\ngroups, including Zupdax backdoor, PlugX, ShadowPad, Poison Ivy, PcShare, and ReVBShell. Space Pirates\r\nnetwork infrastructure includes a small number of IP addresses pointed to by DDNS domains. They also use third,\r\nfourth, and subsequent level domains, such as w.asd3.as.amazon-corp.wikaba[.]com. Positive Technologies\r\nresearchers observed Space Pirates TTPs overlapping with multiple Chinese threat actor groups, including Winnti\r\n(APT41), Emissary Panda (APT27), TA428, Red Foxtrot, Mustang Panda, and Night Dragon.\r\nIOCsBelow is a selection of PolySwarm’s samples associated with this campaign. Contact us for additional\r\nsamples.947f042bd07902100dd2f72a15c37e2397d44db4974f4aeb2af709258953636f\r\nDon’t have a PolySwarm account? Go here to sign up for a free Community plan or to subscribe.Contact us\r\nat hivemind@polyswarm.io | Check out our blog | Subscribe to our reports\r\nSource: https://blog.polyswarm.io/space-pirates-target-russian-aerospace\r\nhttps://blog.polyswarm.io/space-pirates-target-russian-aerospace\r\nPage 3 of 3",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"Malpedia",
		"MISPGALAXY"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://blog.polyswarm.io/space-pirates-target-russian-aerospace"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"space-pirates-target-russian-aerospace"
	],
	"threat_actors": [
		{
			"id": "ea844ee6-eb12-42c0-8426-11395fe81e6f",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.300796Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.32389Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Night Dragon",
			"aliases": [
				"Night Dragon"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Night Dragon",
			"tools": [
				"at",
				"gsecdump",
				"zwShell",
				"PsExec",
				"ASPXSpy",
				"gh0st RAT"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "b740943a-da51-4133-855b-df29822531ea",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.604126Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.259593Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Equation",
			"aliases": [
				"Equation"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Equation",
			"tools": null,
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "536ca49a-2666-4005-8a50-e552fc7e16ef",
			"created_at": "2023-11-21T02:00:07.375813Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.471967Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Webworm",
			"aliases": [
				"Space Pirates"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Webworm",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "09a8f8fe-e907-47b4-8709-a97717dde3cc",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.90252Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.783553Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Night Dragon",
			"aliases": [
				"G0014"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Night Dragon",
			"tools": [
				"ASPXSpy",
				"ASPXTool",
				"Cain \u0026 Abel",
				"gsecdump",
				"zwShell"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "1aead86d-0c57-4e3b-b464-a69f6de20cde",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.318176Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.925424Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "DAGGER PANDA",
			"aliases": [
				"UAT-7290",
				"Red Foxtrot",
				"IceFog",
				"RedFoxtrot",
				"Red Wendigo",
				"PLA Unit 69010"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:DAGGER PANDA",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "2f07a03f-eb1f-47c8-a8e9-a1a00f2ec253",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.277669Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.919609Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "TA428",
			"aliases": [
				"Operation LagTime IT",
				"Operation StealthyTrident",
				"ThunderCats"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:TA428",
			"tools": [
				"8.t Dropper",
				"8.t RTF exploit builder",
				"8t_dropper",
				"Agent.dhwf",
				"Albaniiutas",
				"BlueTraveller",
				"Chymine",
				"Cotx RAT",
				"CoughingDown",
				"Darkmoon",
				"Destroy RAT",
				"DestroyRAT",
				"Gen:Trojan.Heur.PT",
				"Kaba",
				"Korplug",
				"LuckyBack",
				"PhantomNet",
				"PlugX",
				"Poison Ivy",
				"RedDelta",
				"RoyalRoad",
				"SManager",
				"SPIVY",
				"Sogu",
				"TIGERPLUG",
				"TManger",
				"TVT",
				"Thoper",
				"Xamtrav",
				"pivy",
				"poisonivy"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "e3492534-85a6-4c87-a754-5ae4a56d7c8c",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.819113Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.354598Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Threat Group-3390",
			"aliases": [
				"Threat Group-3390",
				"Earth Smilodon",
				"TG-3390",
				"Emissary Panda",
				"BRONZE UNION",
				"APT27",
				"Iron Tiger",
				"LuckyMouse",
				"Linen Typhoon"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Threat Group-3390",
			"tools": [
				"Systeminfo",
				"gsecdump",
				"PlugX",
				"ASPXSpy",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Impacket",
				"gh0st RAT",
				"certutil",
				"China Chopper",
				"HTTPBrowser",
				"Tasklist",
				"netstat",
				"SysUpdate",
				"HyperBro",
				"ZxShell",
				"RCSession",
				"ipconfig",
				"Clambling",
				"pwdump",
				"NBTscan",
				"Pandora",
				"Windows Credential Editor"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "020794ec-7315-47de-818c-2032c362fd15",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.306576Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.920647Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Night Dragon",
			"aliases": [
				"G0014"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Night Dragon",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "b69037ec-2605-4de4-bb32-a20d780a8406",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.790766Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.101635Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "MUSTANG PANDA",
			"aliases": [
				"Stately Taurus",
				"LuminousMoth",
				"TANTALUM",
				"Twill Typhoon",
				"TEMP.HEX",
				"Earth Preta",
				"Polaris",
				"BRONZE PRESIDENT",
				"HoneyMyte",
				"Red Lich",
				"TA416"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:MUSTANG PANDA",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "4d5f939b-aea9-4a0e-8bff-003079a261ea",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.04841Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.196806Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT41",
			"aliases": [
				"WICKED PANDA",
				"BRONZE EXPORT",
				"Brass Typhoon",
				"TG-2633",
				"Leopard Typhoon",
				"G0096",
				"Grayfly",
				"BARIUM",
				"BRONZE ATLAS",
				"Red Kelpie",
				"G0044",
				"Earth Baku",
				"TA415",
				"WICKED SPIDER",
				"HOODOO",
				"Winnti",
				"Double Dragon"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:APT41",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "e698860d-57e8-4780-b7c3-41e5a8314ec0",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.287929Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.329769Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT41",
			"aliases": [
				"APT41",
				"Wicked Panda",
				"Brass Typhoon",
				"BARIUM"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:APT41",
			"tools": [
				"ASPXSpy",
				"BITSAdmin",
				"PlugX",
				"Impacket",
				"gh0st RAT",
				"netstat",
				"PowerSploit",
				"ZxShell",
				"KEYPLUG",
				"LightSpy",
				"ipconfig",
				"sqlmap",
				"China Chopper",
				"ShadowPad",
				"MESSAGETAP",
				"Mimikatz",
				"certutil",
				"njRAT",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"pwdump",
				"BLACKCOFFEE",
				"MOPSLED",
				"ROCKBOOT",
				"dsquery",
				"Winnti for Linux",
				"DUSTTRAP",
				"Derusbi",
				"ftp"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "20b5fa2f-2ef1-4e69-8275-25927a762f72",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.573647Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.765721Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "BRONZE DUDLEY",
			"aliases": [
				"TA428 ",
				"Temp.Hex ",
				"Vicious Panda "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:BRONZE DUDLEY",
			"tools": [
				"NCCTrojan",
				"PhantomNet",
				"PoisonIvy",
				"Royal Road"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "2a24d664-6a72-4b4c-9f54-1553b64c453c",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.553048Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.787296Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "BRONZE ATLAS",
			"aliases": [
				"APT41 ",
				"BARIUM ",
				"Blackfly ",
				"Brass Typhoon",
				"CTG-2633",
				"Earth Baku ",
				"GREF",
				"Group 72 ",
				"Red Kelpie ",
				"TA415 ",
				"TG-2633 ",
				"Wicked Panda ",
				"Winnti"
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:BRONZE ATLAS",
			"tools": [
				"Acehash",
				"CCleaner v5.33 backdoor",
				"ChinaChopper",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"DUSTPAN",
				"Dicey MSDN",
				"Dodgebox",
				"ForkPlayground",
				"HUC Proxy Malware (Htran)"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "6daadf00-952c-408a-89be-aa490d891743",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.654882Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.645565Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "BRONZE PRESIDENT",
			"aliases": [
				"Earth Preta ",
				"HoneyMyte ",
				"Mustang Panda ",
				"Red Delta ",
				"Red Lich ",
				"Stately Taurus ",
				"TA416 ",
				"Temp.Hex ",
				"Twill Typhoon "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:BRONZE PRESIDENT",
			"tools": [
				"BlueShell",
				"China Chopper",
				"Claimloader",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"HIUPAN",
				"ORat",
				"PTSOCKET",
				"PUBLOAD",
				"PlugX",
				"RCSession",
				"TONESHELL",
				"TinyNote"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "c63ab035-f9f2-4723-959b-97a7b98b5942",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.298354Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.917311Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT27",
			"aliases": [
				"BRONZE UNION",
				"Circle Typhoon",
				"Linen Typhoon",
				"TEMP.Hippo",
				"Budworm",
				"Lucky Mouse",
				"G0027",
				"GreedyTaotie",
				"Red Phoenix",
				"Iron Tiger",
				"Iron Taurus",
				"Earth Smilodon",
				"TG-3390",
				"EMISSARY PANDA",
				"Group 35",
				"ZipToken"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:APT27",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a4aca3ca-9e04-42d1-b037-f7fb3fbab0b1",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.042499Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.194713Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "TA428",
			"aliases": [
				"BRONZE DUDLEY",
				"Colourful Panda"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:TA428",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "8e385d36-06a2-4294-b3d3-01fe8e9d95f4",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.219051Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.902017Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Space Pirates",
			"aliases": [
				"Erudite Mogwai",
				"Webworm"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Space Pirates",
			"tools": [
				"9002 RAT",
				"Agent.dhwf",
				"AngryRebel",
				"BH_A006",
				"Chymine",
				"Darkmoon",
				"Deed RAT",
				"Destroy RAT",
				"DestroyRAT",
				"Farfli",
				"Gen:Trojan.Heur.PT",
				"Gh0st RAT",
				"Ghost RAT",
				"HOMEUNIX",
				"HidraQ",
				"Homux",
				"Hydraq",
				"Kaba",
				"Korplug",
				"McRAT",
				"MdmBot",
				"Moudour",
				"MyKLoadClient",
				"Mydoor",
				"PCRat",
				"PCShare",
				"POISONPLUG.SHADOW",
				"PlugX",
				"Poison Ivy",
				"RedDelta",
				"Roarur",
				"SPIVY",
				"ShadowPad Winnti",
				"SnappyBee",
				"Sogu",
				"TIGERPLUG",
				"TVT",
				"Thoper",
				"Trochilus RAT",
				"XShellGhost",
				"Xamtrav",
				"Zupdax",
				"pivy",
				"poisonivy"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "b399b5f1-42d3-4b53-8c73-d448fce6ab43",
			"created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:24.68371Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.64323Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "BRONZE UNION",
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