{ "id": "34bf11d5-db68-4d0a-88df-7f36864ff92d", "created_at": "2026-04-06T00:21:04.234242Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T13:12:01.456805Z", "deleted_at": null, "sha1_hash": "c6869f628a8d1120ae5b7e9d8d509db780ba2446", "title": "Xen", "llm_title": "", "authors": "", "file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_size": 360864, "plain_text": "Xen\r\nBy Contributors to Wikimedia projects\r\nPublished: 2004-04-11 · Archived: 2026-04-05 20:14:53 UTC\r\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\r\nThis article is about the virtualization software. For other uses, see Xen (disambiguation).\r\nXen Project\r\nXen running NetBSD and three Linux distributions\r\nOriginal authors Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Ian Pratt, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory\r\nDevelopers\r\nLinux Foundation\r\nIntel\r\nInitial release October 2, 2003; 22 years ago[1][2]\r\nStable release 4.21[3]\r\n  / 19 November 2025; 4 months ago\r\nWritten in C\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 1 of 13\n\nPlatform\r\nx86\r\nARM\r\nRISC-V\r\nPowerPC\r\nType Hypervisor\r\nLicense GPLv2\r\nWebsite xenproject.org\r\nRepository xenbits.xen.org/gitweb/?p=xen.git\r\nXen (pronounced ) is a free and open-source type-1 hypervisor, providing services that allow multiple computer\r\noperating systems to execute on the same computer hardware concurrently. It was originally developed by the\r\nUniversity of Cambridge Computer Laboratory and is now being developed by the Linux Foundation with support\r\nfrom Intel, Citrix, Arm Ltd, Huawei, AWS, Alibaba Cloud, AMD, Bitdefender and EPAM Systems.\r\nThe Xen Project community develops and maintains Xen Project as free and open-source software, subject to the\r\nrequirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2. Xen Project is currently available for the IA-32, x86-64 and ARM instruction sets.\r\n[4]\r\nSoftware architecture\r\n[edit]\r\nXen Project runs in a more privileged CPU state than any other software on the machine, except for firmware.\r\nResponsibilities of the hypervisor include memory management and CPU scheduling of all virtual machines\r\n(\"domains\"), and for launching the most privileged domain (\"dom0\") - the only virtual machine which by default\r\nhas direct access to hardware. From the dom0 the hypervisor can be managed and unprivileged domains (\"domU\")\r\ncan be launched.[5]\r\nThe dom0 domain is typically a version of Linux or BSD. User domains may either be traditional operating\r\nsystems, such as Microsoft Windows under which privileged instructions are provided by hardware virtualization\r\ninstructions (if the host processor supports x86 virtualization, e.g., Intel VT-x and AMD-V),[6] or paravirtualized\r\noperating systems whereby the operating system is aware that it is running inside a virtual machine, and so makes\r\nhypercalls directly, rather than issuing privileged instructions.\r\nXen Project boots from a bootloader such as GNU GRUB, and then usually loads a paravirtualized host operating\r\nsystem into the host domain (dom0).\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 2 of 13\n\nXen originated as a research project at the University of Cambridge led by Ian Pratt, a senior lecturer in the\r\nComputer Laboratory, and his PhD student Keir Fraser. According to Anil Madhavapeddy, an early contributor,\r\nXen started as a bet on whether Fraser could make multiple Linux Kernels boot on the same hardware in a\r\nweekend.[7] The first public release of Xen was made in 2003, with v1.0 following in 2004. Soon after, Pratt and\r\nFraser along with other Cambridge alumni including Simon Crosby and founding CEO Nick Gault created\r\nXenSource Inc. to turn Xen into a competitive enterprise product.\r\nTo support embedded systems such as smartphone/ IoT with relatively scarce hardware computing resources, the\r\nSecure Xen ARM architecture on an ARM CPU was exhibited at Xen Summit on April 17, 2007, held in IBM TJ\r\nWatson.[8][9] The first public release of Secure Xen ARM source code was made at Xen Summit on June 24,\r\n2008[10][11] by Sang-bum Suh,\r\n[12]\r\n a Cambridge alumnus, in Samsung Electronics.\r\nOn October 22, 2007, Citrix Systems completed its acquisition of XenSource,[13] and the Xen Project moved to\r\nthe xen.org domain. This move had started some time previously, and made public the existence of the Xen\r\nProject Advisory Board (Xen AB), which had members from Citrix, IBM, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Novell, Red\r\nHat, Sun Microsystems and Oracle. The Xen Advisory Board advises the Xen Project leader and is responsible for\r\nthe Xen trademark,[14] which Citrix has freely licensed to all vendors and projects that implement the Xen\r\nhypervisor.\r\n[15]\r\n Citrix also used the Xen brand itself for some proprietary products unrelated to Xen, including\r\nXenApp and XenDesktop.\r\nOn April 15, 2013, it was announced that the Xen Project was moved under the auspices of the Linux Foundation\r\nas a Collaborative Project.[16] The Linux Foundation launched a new trademark for \"Xen Project\" to differentiate\r\nthe project from any commercial use of the older \"Xen\" trademark. A new community website was launched at\r\nxenproject.org\r\n[17]\r\n as part of the transfer. Project members at the time of the announcement included: Amazon,\r\nAMD, Bromium, CA Technologies, Calxeda, Cisco, Citrix, Google, Intel, Oracle, Samsung, and Verizon.[18] The\r\nXen project itself is self-governing.[19]\r\nSince version 3.0 of the Linux kernel, Xen support for dom0 and domU exists in the mainline kernel.[20]\r\nVersion Release date Notes\r\n1.0\r\nOctober 2,\r\n2003[1][2]\r\n2.0\r\nNovember 5,\r\n2004[21]\r\nLive migration of PV guests.\r\n3.0 December 5,\r\n2005[22][23] Supports the Intel VT technology for HVM guests.\r\nSupport for the Intel IA-64 architecture.\r\nThe releases up to 3.0.4 also added:\r\nSupport for the AMD SVM virtualization extensions.[24]\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 3 of 13\n\nVersion Release date Notes\r\nSupport for the PowerPC architecture.[25]\r\nGraphical framebuffer support for paravirtualized guests.[26]\r\n3.1\r\nMay 18,\r\n2007[27]\r\nLive migration for HVM guests, XenAPI\r\n3.2\r\nJanuary 17,\r\n2008[28]\r\nPCI passthrough and ACPI S3 standby mode for the host system.\r\n3.3\r\nAugust 24,\r\n2008[29]\r\nImprovements for the PCI passthrough and the power management. Xen ARM\r\nhypervisor source code released for ARM CPU support\r\n3.4\r\nMay 18,\r\n2009[30]\r\nContains a first version of the \"Xen Client Initiative\", shortly XCI.\r\n4.0\r\nApril 7,\r\n2010[31]\r\nMakes it possible to use a dom0 Linux kernel, which has been implemented by\r\nusing PVOps. A Linux kernel of version 2.6.31 has been modified for this\r\npurpose, because the official Linux kernel actually does not support the usage as\r\ndom0 kernel (date July 2010).[32]\r\n4.1\r\nMarch 25,\r\n2011\r\n[33]\r\nSome of the improvements: Support for more than 255 processors, better\r\nstability. Linux kernel v2.6.37 and onward support usage as dom0 kernel.[34]\r\n4.2\r\nSeptember 8,\r\n2012[35]\r\nXL became the default toolstack. Support for up to 4095 host processors and up\r\nto 512 guest processors.\r\n4.3\r\nJuly 9,\r\n2013[36]\r\nExperimental ARM support. NUMA-aware scheduling. Support for Open\r\nvSwitch.\r\n4.4\r\nMarch 10,\r\n2014[37]\r\nSolid libvirt support for libxl, new scalable event channel interface, hypervisor\r\nABI for ARM declared stable, Nested Virtualization on Intel hardware.[38][39]\r\n4.5\r\nJanuary 17,\r\n2015[40]\r\nWith 43 major new features, 4.5 includes the most updates in the project's\r\nhistory.\r\n[40]\r\n4.6\r\nOctober 13,\r\n2015[35]\r\nFocused on improving code quality, security hardening, enablement of security\r\nappliances, and release cycle predictability.\r\n[35]\r\n4.7\r\nJune 24,\r\n2016[41]\r\nImproved: security, live migrations, performances and workload. Hardware\r\nsupport (ARM and Intel Xeon).[42]\r\n4.8.1\r\nApril 12,\r\n2017[43]\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 4 of 13\n\nVersion Release date Notes\r\n4.9\r\nJune 28,\r\n2017[44]\r\nXen Project 4.9 Release Notes\r\n4.10\r\nDecember 12,\r\n2017[45]\r\nXen Project 4.10 Release Notes\r\n4.11\r\nJuly 10,\r\n2018[46]\r\nXen Project 4.11 Release Notes\r\n4.12\r\nApril 2,\r\n2019[47]\r\nXen Project 4.12 Release Notes\r\n4.13\r\nDecember 18,\r\n2019[48]\r\nXen Project 4.13 Release Notes\r\n4.14 July 24, 2020 Xen Project 4.14 Release Notes\r\n4.15 April 8, 2021 Xen Project 4.15 Release Notes\r\n4.16\r\nDecember 2,\r\n2021\r\nXen Project 4.16 Release Notes\r\n4.17\r\nDecember 14,\r\n2022\r\nXen Project 4.17 Release Notes\r\n4.18\r\nNovember\r\n23, 2023\r\nXen Project 4.18 Release Notes\r\n4.19 July 29, 2024 Xen Project 4.19 Release Notes\r\n4.20\r\nMarch 5,\r\n2025\r\nXen Project 4.20 Release Notes\r\nThis article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly\r\navailable information. (May 2016)\r\nInternet hosting service companies use hypervisors to provide virtual private servers. Amazon EC2 (from August\r\n2006 to November 2017),[49] IBM SoftLayer,\r\n[50]\r\n Liquid Web, Fujitsu Global Cloud Platform,\r\n[51]\r\n Linode,\r\nOrionVM[52] and Rackspace Cloud use Xen as the primary VM hypervisor for their product offerings.[53]\r\nVirtual machine monitors (also known as hypervisors) also often operate on mainframes and large servers running\r\nIBM, HP, and other systems.[citation needed] Server virtualization can provide benefits such as:\r\nConsolidation leading to increased utilization\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 5 of 13\n\nRapid provisioning\r\nDynamic fault tolerance against software failures (through rapid bootstrapping or rebooting)\r\nHardware fault tolerance (through migration of a virtual machine to different hardware)\r\nSecure separations of virtual operating systems\r\nSupport for legacy software as well as new OS instances on the same computer\r\nXen's support for virtual machine live migration from one host to another allows load balancing and the avoidance\r\nof downtime.\r\nVirtualization also has benefits when working on development (including the development of operating systems):\r\nrunning the new system as a guest avoids the need to reboot the physical computer whenever a bug occurs.\r\nSandboxed guest systems can also help in computer-security research, allowing study of the effects of some virus\r\nor worm without the possibility of compromising the host system.\r\nFinally, hardware appliance vendors may decide to ship their appliance running several guest systems, so as to be\r\nable to execute various pieces of software that require different operating systems. [citation needed]\r\nTypes of virtualization\r\n[edit]\r\nXen offers five approaches to running the guest operating system:[54][55][56]\r\nPV (paravirtualization): Virtualization-aware Guest and devices.\r\nHVM (hardware virtual machine): Fully hardware-assisted virtualization with emulated devices.\r\nHVM with PV drivers: Fully hardware-assisted virtualization with PV drivers for IO devices.\r\nPVHVM (paravirtualization with hardware virtualization): PV supported hardware-assisted virtualization\r\nwith PV drivers for IO devices.\r\nPVH (PV in an HVM container): Fully paravirtualized Guest accelerated by hardware-assisted\r\nvirtualization where available.\r\nXen provides a form of virtualization known as paravirtualization, in which guests run a modified operating\r\nsystem. The guests are modified to use a special hypercall ABI, instead of certain architectural features. Through\r\nparavirtualization, Xen can achieve high performance even on its host architecture (x86) which has a reputation\r\nfor non-cooperation with traditional virtualization techniques.[57][58] Xen can run paravirtualized guests (\"PV\r\nguests\" in Xen terminology) even on CPUs without any explicit support for virtualization. Paravirtualization\r\navoids the need to emulate a full set of hardware and firmware services, which makes a PV system simpler to\r\nmanage and reduces the attack surface exposed to potentially malicious guests. On 32-bit x86, the Xen host kernel\r\ncode runs in Ring 0, while the hosted domains run in Ring 1 (kernel) and Ring 3 (applications).\r\nCPUs that support virtualization make it possible to run unmodified guests, including proprietary operating\r\nsystems (such as Microsoft Windows). This is known as hardware-assisted virtualization, however, in Xen this is\r\nknown as hardware virtual machine (HVM). HVM extensions provide additional execution modes, with an\r\nexplicit distinction between the most-privileged modes used by the hypervisor with access to the real hardware\r\n(called \"root mode\" in x86) and the less-privileged modes used by guest kernels and applications with \"hardware\"\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 6 of 13\n\naccesses under complete control of the hypervisor (in x86, known as \"non-root mode\"; both root and non-root\r\nmode have Rings 0–3). Both Intel and AMD have contributed modifications to Xen to exploit their respective\r\nIntel VT-x and AMD-V architecture extensions.[59] Use of ARM v7A and v8A virtualization extensions came with\r\nXen 4.3.[60] HVM extensions also often offer new instructions to allow direct calls by a paravirtualized\r\nguest/driver into the hypervisor, typically used for I/O or other operations needing high performance. These allow\r\nHVM guests with suitable minor modifications to gain many of the performance benefits of paravirtualized I/O. In\r\ncurrent versions of Xen (up to 4.2) only fully virtualized HVM guests can make use of hardware facilities for\r\nmultiple independent levels of memory protection and paging. As a result, for some workloads, HVM guests with\r\nPV drivers (also known as PV-on-HVM, or PVH) provide better performance than pure PV guests. Xen HVM has\r\ndevice emulation based on the QEMU project to provide I/O virtualization to the virtual machines. The system\r\nemulates hardware via a patched QEMU \"device manager\" (qemu-dm) daemon running as a backend in dom0.\r\nThis means that the virtualized machines see an emulated version of a fairly basic PC. In a performance-critical\r\nenvironment, PV-on-HVM disk and network drivers are used during the normal guest operation, so that the\r\nemulated PC hardware is mostly used for booting.\r\nAdministrators can \"live migrate\" Xen virtual machines between physical hosts across a LAN without loss of\r\navailability. During this procedure, the LAN iteratively copies the memory of the virtual machine to the\r\ndestination without stopping its execution. The process requires a stoppage of around 60–300 ms to perform final\r\nsynchronization before the virtual machine begins executing at its final destination, providing an illusion of\r\nseamless migration. Similar technology can serve to suspend running virtual machines to disk, \"freezing\" their\r\nrunning state for resumption at a later date.\r\nXen can scale to 4095 physical CPUs, 256 VCPUs[clarification needed] per HVM guest, 512 VCPUs per PV guest,\r\n16 TB of RAM per host, and up to 1 TB of RAM per HVM guest or 512 GB of RAM per PV guest.[61]\r\nXen implements shared memory using grant tables, which allow domains to specify memory pages to share with\r\nother selected domains.[62]\r\nThe Xen hypervisor has been ported to a number of processor families:\r\nIntel: IA-32, IA-64 (before version 4.2[63]), x86-64\r\nPowerPC: previously supported under the XenPPC project, no longer active after Xen 3.2[64]\r\nARM: previously supported under the XenARM project for older versions of ARM without virtualization\r\nextensions, such as the Cortex-A9. Currently[when?] supported since Xen 4.3 for newer versions of the\r\nARM with virtualization extensions, such as the Cortex-A15.\r\nMIPS: XLP832 experimental port[65]\r\nXen can be shipped in a dedicated virtualization platform, such as XCP-ng or XenServer (formerly Citrix\r\nHypervisor, and before that Citrix XenServer, and before that XenSource's XenEnterprise).\r\nAlternatively, Xen is distributed as an optional configuration of many standard operating systems. Xen is available\r\nfor and distributed with:\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 7 of 13\n\nAlpine Linux offers a minimal dom0 system (Busybox, musl libc) that can be run from removable media,\r\nlike USB sticks.\r\nArch Linux provides the necessary packages with detailed setup instructions on their Wiki.[66][67]\r\nDebian Linux (since version 4.0 \"etch\") and many of its derivatives;\r\nFreeBSD 11 includes experimental host support.[68]\r\nGentoo has the necessary packages available to support Xen, along with instructions on their Wiki.[69]\r\nMageia (since version 4);\r\nNetBSD can function as domU and dom0.[70]\r\nOpenSolaris-based distributions can function as dom0 and domU from Nevada build 75 onwards.\r\nopenSUSE 10.x to 12.x:[71] only 64-bit hosts are supported since 12.1;\r\nQubes OS uses Xen to isolate applications for a more secure desktop.[72]\r\nSUSE Linux Enterprise Server (since version 10);\r\nSolaris (since 2013 with Oracle VM Server for x86, before with Sun xVM);\r\nUbuntu (since 8.04 \"Hardy Heron\", but no dom0-capable kernel in 8.10 \"Intrepid Ibex\" until 12.04 \"Precise\r\nPangolin\".\r\n[73][74]\r\n)\r\nGuest systems can run fully virtualized (which requires hardware support), paravirtualized (which requires a\r\nmodified guest operating system), or fully virtualized with paravirtualized drivers (PVHVM[75]).[76] Most\r\noperating systems which can run on PCs can run as a Xen HVM guest. The following systems can operate as\r\nparavirtualized Xen guests:\r\nLinux\r\nFreeBSD in 32-bit, or 64-bit through PVHVM;[77][78]\r\nOpenBSD, through PVHVM;[79]\r\nNetBSD\r\nMINIX\r\nGNU Hurd (gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch)\r\nPlan 9 from Bell Labs\r\nXen version 3.0 introduced the capability to run Microsoft Windows as a guest operating system unmodified if the\r\nhost machine's processor supports hardware virtualization provided by Intel VT-x (formerly codenamed\r\nVanderpool) or AMD-V (formerly codenamed Pacifica). During the development of Xen 1.x, Microsoft Research,\r\nalong with the University of Cambridge Operating System group, developed a port of Windows XP to Xen —\r\nmade possible by Microsoft's Academic Licensing Program. The terms of this license do not allow the publication\r\nof this port, although documentation of the experience appears in the original Xen SOSP paper.\r\n[80]\r\n James Harper\r\nand the Xen open-source community have started developing free software paravirtualization drivers for\r\nWindows. These provide front-end drivers for the Xen block and network devices and allow much higher disk and\r\nnetwork performance for Windows systems running in HVM mode. Without these drivers all disk and network\r\ntraffic has to be processed through QEMU-DM.[81] Subsequently, Citrix has released under a BSD license (and\r\ncontinues to maintain) PV drivers for Windows.[82]\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 8 of 13\n\nThird-party developers have built a number of tools (known as Xen Management Consoles) to facilitate the\r\ncommon tasks of administering a Xen host, such as configuring, starting, monitoring and stopping of Xen guests.\r\nExamples include:\r\nThe OpenNebula cloud management toolkit\r\nOn openSUSE YaST and virt-man offer graphical VM management\r\nOpenStack natively supports Xen as a Hypervisor/Compute target\r\nApache CloudStack also supports Xen as a Hypervisor\r\nNovell's PlateSpin Orchestrate also manages Xen virtual machines for Xen shipping in SUSE Linux\r\nEnterprise Server.\r\nXen Orchestra for both XCP-ng and Citrix Hypervisor platforms\r\nCommercial versions\r\n[edit]\r\nXCP-ng (Open Source, within the Linux Foundation and Xen Project, originally a fork of XenServer)\r\nXenServer[83] (Formerly Citrix Hypervisor [84] until 2023 and formerly Citrix XenServer until 2019)\r\nHuawei FusionSphere[85]\r\nOracle VM Server for x86\r\nThinsy Corporation\r\nVirtual Iron (discontinued by Oracle)\r\nCrucible (hypervisor) by Star Lab Corp.[86]\r\nThe Xen hypervisor is covered by the GNU General Public Licence, so all of these versions contain a core of free\r\nsoftware with source code. However, many of them contain proprietary additions.\r\nCloudStack\r\nKernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)\r\nOpenStack\r\nVirtual disk image\r\ntboot, a TXT-based integrity system for the Linux kernel and Xen hypervisor\r\nVMware ESXi\r\nQubes OS\r\n1. ^ Jump up to: a\r\n \r\nb\r\n \"Xen\". SourceForge.net. October 2, 2003. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n2. ^ Jump up to: a\r\n \r\nb\r\n Jonathan Corbet (October 2, 2003). \"The first stable Xen release\". Lwn.net. Retrieved\r\nOctober 18, 2012.\r\n3. ^ \"Xen Project Delivers Xen 4.21, a Modernized Hypervisor with Broader Architecture Support and\r\nImproved Performance\". November 19, 2025. Retrieved November 22, 2025.\r\n4. ^ jgross (April 2, 2019). \"What's New In XEN 4.12\". xenproject.org. Retrieved May 6, 2019.\r\n5. ^ \"Xen Overview\". Retrieved April 5, 2015.\r\n6. ^ \"OSCompatibility - Xen Project Wiki\". Wiki.xenproject.org. February 8, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2013.\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 9 of 13\n\n7. ^ \"What is an Operating System?\". Jane Street. November 3, 2021. {{cite web}} : CS1 maint: deprecated\r\narchival service (link)\r\n8. ^ \"Xen Summit April 2007\". Xen Project. April 2007. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020.\r\nRetrieved May 8, 2019.\r\n9. ^ Suh, Sang-bum (April 2007). \"Secure Architecture and Implementation of Xen on the ARM for Mobile\r\nDevices\" (PDF). Xen Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2020. Retrieved May 8,\r\n2019.\r\n10. ^ \"Xen Summit Boston 2008\". Xen Project. June 2008. Archived from the original on August 13, 2015.\r\nRetrieved May 8, 2019.\r\n11. ^ Suh, Sang-bum (June 2008). \"Secure Xen on ARM: Source Code Release and Update\" (PDF). Xen\r\nProject. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2019.\r\n12. ^ \"XenSummit Speaker Profiles\" (PDF). Xen Summit Boston 2008. June 2008. Archived from the original\r\n(PDF) on August 21, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2019.\r\n13. ^ \"Citrix Systems » Citrix Completes Acquisition of XenSource\". Citrix Systems. July 12, 2007. Archived\r\nfrom the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2007.\r\n14. ^ \"Trademark\". Xen.org. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2012.\r\n15. ^ \"Trademark Policy\" (PDF) (PDF). Xen.org. June 1, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on\r\nSeptember 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2013.\r\n16. ^ \"Linux Foundation Project\". LinuxFoundation.org. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013.\r\nRetrieved May 3, 2013.\r\n17. ^ \"XenProject.org Website\". XenProject.org. Retrieved May 3, 2013.\r\n18. ^ \"Linux Foundation Xen Project Members\". XenProject.org. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013.\r\nRetrieved May 3, 2013.\r\n19. ^ \"Project Governance (Updated)\". XenProject.org. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013.\r\nRetrieved May 3, 2013.\r\n20. ^ \"Xen celebrates full dom0 and domU support in Linux 3.0 –\". Blog.xen.org. May 30, 2011. Archived from\r\nthe original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n21. ^ Jonathan Corbet (November 5, 2004). \"Xen 2.0 released\". Lwn.net. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n22. ^ Jonathan Corbet (December 6, 2005). \"Xen 3.0 released\". Lwn.net. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n23. ^ \"XenSource: Press Releases\". XenSource, Inc. December 10, 2005. Archived from the original on\r\nDecember 10, 2005. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n24. ^ \"AMD SVM Xen port is public\". lists.xenproject.org. December 14, 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2013.\r\n25. ^ \"[Xen-devel] Xen 3.0.3 released! - Xen Source\". Lists.xenproject.org. October 17, 2006. Retrieved June\r\n8, 2013.\r\n26. ^ \"[Xen-devel] FW: Xen 3.0.4 released! - Xen Source\". Lists.xenproject.org. December 20, 2006. Retrieved\r\nJune 8, 2013.\r\n27. ^ \"[Xen-devel] Xen 3.1 released! - Xen Source\". Lists.xenproject.org. May 18, 2007. Retrieved June 8,\r\n2013.\r\n28. ^ \"Xen 3.2.0 Officially Released : VMblog.com - Virtualization Technology News and Information for\r\nEveryone\". VMblog.com. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n29. ^ \"Xen 3.3.0 hypervisor ready for download - The H: Open Source, Security and Development\". H-online.com. August 25, 2008. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen\r\nPage 10 of 13\n\n30. ^ \"Xen.org Announces Release Of Xen 3.4 Hypervisor | Citrix Blogs\". Community.citrix.com. May 18,\r\n2009. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2012.\r\n31. ^ \"Virtualisation: Xen is looking to catch up by releasing version 4 - The H Open: News and Features\". H-online.com. April 9, 2010. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. 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Wiki.xenproject.org. Retrieved March 10, 2014.\r\n40. ^ Jump up to: a\r\n \r\nb\r\n \"Less is More in the New Xen Project 4.5 Release –\". Blog.xen.org. January 15, 2015.\r\nRetrieved January 17, 2015.\r\n41. ^ \"Xen Project 4.8.1 is available\". Xenproject.org. April 12, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.\r\n42. ^ \"Xen Project 4.7 Feature List\". Xen project. June 24, 2016.\r\n43. ^ \"Xen Project 4.8.1 is available | Xen Project Blog\". blog.xenproject.org. April 12, 2017. Retrieved\r\nFebruary 19, 2018.\r\n44. ^ \"What's New in the Xen Project Hypervisor 4.9\". June 28, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2018.\r\n45. ^ \"What's New in the Xen Project Hypervisor 4.10\". December 12, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2018.\r\n46. ^ Gross, Juergen (July 10, 2018). \"What's New in the Xen Project Hypervisor 4.11\". Retrieved January 17,\r\n2018.\r\n47. ^ Gross, Juergen (April 2, 2019). \"WHAT'S NEW IN XEN 4.12\". Retrieved April 29, 2019.\r\n48. ^ Kurth, Lars (December 18, 2019). \"What's new in Xen 4.13\". 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Xen.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2012.\nRetrieved October 18, 2012. \n33. ^ \"Xen 4.1 releases-\". Blog.xen.org. March 25, 2011. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011.\nRetrieved October 18, 2012. \n34. ^ \"XenParavirtOps -Xen Wiki\". Wiki.xenproject.org. Retrieved June 8, 2013. \n35. ^ Jump up to: a b c \"Best Quality and Quantity of Contributions in the New Xen Project 4.6 Release\".\nXenproject.org. October 13, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015. \n36. ^ \"Xen 4.3 released!-\". Blog.xen.org. July 9, 2013. Archived from the original on July 13, 2013. Retrieved\nJuly 16, 2013. \n37. ^ \"Xen 4.4 releases-\". Blog.xen.org. March 10, 2014. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014.\nRetrieved March 10, 2014. \n38. ^ \"Xen Project 4.4 Release Notes\". Wiki.xenproject.org. Retrieved March 10, 2014. \n39. ^ \"Xen 4.4 Feature List\". Wiki.xenproject.org. Retrieved March 10, 2014. \n40. ^ Jump up to: a b \"Less is More in the New Xen Project 4.5 Release -\". Blog.xen.org. January 15, 2015.\nRetrieved January 17, 2015. \n41. ^ \"Xen Project 4.8.1 is available\". Xenproject.org. April 12, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.\n42. ^ \"Xen Project 4.7 Feature List\". Xen project. June 24, 2016. \n43. ^ \"Xen Project 4.8.1 is available | Xen Project Blog\". blog.xenproject.org. April 12, 2017. Retrieved\nFebruary 19, 2018. \n44. ^ \"What's New in the Xen Project Hypervisor 4.9\". June 28, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2018.\n45. ^ \"What's New in the Xen Project Hypervisor 4.10\". December 12, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2018.\n46. ^ Gross, Juergen (July 10, 2018). \"What's New in the Xen Project Hypervisor 4.11\". Retrieved January 17,\n2018. \n47. ^ Gross, Juergen (April 2, 2019). \"WHAT'S NEW IN XEN 4.12\". Retrieved April 29, 2019.\n48. ^ Kurth, Lars (December 18, 2019). \"What's new in Xen 4.13\". Retrieved December 23, 2019.\n49. ^ \"Amazon EC2 Beta\". August 25, 2006. \n50. ^ \"CloudLayer Computing vs. Amazon EC2\" (PDF) (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on\nDecember 12, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2015. \n51. ^ Suzanne Tindal (February 28, 2011). \"Fujitsu's global cloud launches in Aus\". ZDNet Australia.\nArchived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2011. \n52. ^ \"Xen Project -Guest VM Images-OrionVM PV-HVM Templates\". April 1, 2012. Retrieved June 27,\n2014. \n53. ^ \"Cloud FAQ\". Rackspace.com. September 13, 2011. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012.\nRetrieved October 18, 2012. \n54. ^ \"Understanding the Virtualization Spectrum\". xenproject.org. Retrieved March 9, 2022. {{cite web}} :\nCS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) \n55. ^ Roger Pau Monne. \"Xen virtualization on FreeBSD\" (PDF) (PDF). Retrieved April 6, 2015.\n Page 11 of 13", "extraction_quality": 1, "language": "EN", "sources": [ "MITRE" ], "origins": [ "web" ], "references": [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen" ], "report_names": [ "Xen" ], "threat_actors": [ { "id": "3fff98c9-ad02-401d-9d4b-f78b5b634f31", "created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.376868Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.949077Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Cleaver", "aliases": [ "G0003", "Operation Cleaver", "Op Cleaver", "Tarh Andishan", "Alibaba", "TG-2889", "Cobalt Gypsy" ], "source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Cleaver", "tools": [], "source_id": "MISPGALAXY", "reports": null } ], "ts_created_at": 1775434864, "ts_updated_at": 1775826721, "ts_creation_date": 0, "ts_modification_date": 0, "files": { "pdf": "https://archive.orkl.eu/c6869f628a8d1120ae5b7e9d8d509db780ba2446.pdf", "text": "https://archive.orkl.eu/c6869f628a8d1120ae5b7e9d8d509db780ba2446.txt", "img": "https://archive.orkl.eu/c6869f628a8d1120ae5b7e9d8d509db780ba2446.jpg" } }