DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, January 2019 DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms As of January 2019 Intentionally Blank i PREFACE 1. Scope As directed in Joint Publication (JP) 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (DOD Dictionary) sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all DOD components. 2. Purpose This publication supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD with other US Government departments and agencies and among the United States and its allies. 3. Application This publication applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Services, the Joint Staff (JS), combatant commands, DOD agencies, and all other DOD components. It is the primary terminology source when preparing correspondence, to include policy, strategy, doctrine, and planning documents. Criteria for inclusion of terminology in the DOD Dictionary is enumerated in Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology. 4. Format The primary parts of the DOD Dictionary are: a. Explanatory notes. b. Terms and definitions. c. Shortened word forms (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms). d. Summary of changes. 5. DOD Dictionary Online Availability and Update Schedule The DOD Dictionary is accessible online as a searchable database and in PDF format at the following Internet address: http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology/ and at the following Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) address: https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/. The contents of the DOD Dictionary are updated as necessary, Preface ii to include terminology additions, modifications, or deletions made, in accordance with CJCSI 5705.01. 6. Terminology Repository for DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense/Joint Staff) Issuances This publication is supplemented by the Terminology Repository for DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense [OSD]/JS) Issuances (Terminology Repository) (For Official Use Only). Over the last 65 years, specific and technical DOD terms and definitions established in senior policy document glossaries reside outside of the DOD Dictionary and not subject to joint doctrine terminology criteria for general and universal usage listed in CJCSI 5705.01. The 25,000+ policy term Terminology Repository provides awareness on those specific or descriptive terms in defense documents (policy, strategy, planning, doctrine, etc.) that support the foundation of the 2,500+ doctrine term DOD Dictionary. Its creation is the primary step in deconflicting terminology nuances within organizational documents that may impact joint doctrine. 7. Department of Defense Term and Definition Approach After consulting DODI 5025.12 and CJCSI 5705.01 for term and definition criteria, proponents of new or existing terms will first review the DOD Dictionary and then access the Terminology Repository before defaulting to commonly used, English-language dictionaries in creating new DOD terms and definitions. The repository is combined access card-enabled and located at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/. 8. Revision and Distribution Future editions of the DOD Dictionary will be updated according to policy and posted online at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/. For distribution, Joint Staff, J-7, does not print copies of the DOD Dictionary. Electronic versions are available on JEL+ [Joint Electronic Library Plus] at https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=4 (NIPRNET) and https://jdeis.js.smil.mil/jdeis/index.jsp (SIPRNET) and on the JEL [Joint Electronic Library] at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine.aspx (Internet). 9. Citation Per JP 1, and for reference purposes in official DOD materials, this document will be listed as: Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, “DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms,” as amended. For all other documentation, this will be cited as: Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, (Washington DC: The Joint Staff, date), page # if necessary. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXPLANATORY NOTES ..................................................................................................1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS. ............................................................................................7 SHORTENED WORD FORMS (ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INITIALISMS) ................................................................................................................261 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ...........................................................................................391 Table of Contents iv Intentionally Blank 1 EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Updates and Terminology Actions a. Per guidance in CJCSI 5705.01, terminology actions for the DOD Dictionary (additions; modifications; revalidations, to include those parts of a JP or issuance/directive policy revision process; or deletions) are approved using one of the following five methods: (1) DOD terminology proposed from JPs; (2) DOD terminology directed by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) via specific memorandum; (3) DOD terminology proposed from DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense [OSD] and CJCS) issuances; (4) Terminology proposed from Allied Administrative Publication-6, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French); and/or (5) Approved administrative changes/updates by the DOD Terminologist. b. Per guidance in CJCSI 5705.01, any DOD Dictionary term and definition, where the identified proponent is an OSD/JS issuance that remains in the document as part of an organizational change or other revision process must be revalidated or modified as a part of the revision process. Proponents of terms and definitions that do not follow this process will result in automatic removal from the DOD Dictionary and movement to the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances. Any terms identified for removal from OSD/JS issuances will subsequently be removed from the DOD Dictionary and automatically placed in the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances. 2. Terminology Categorization (Policy and Joint Doctrine) a. Military Terminology. Standardized military and associated terminology forms the foundation of joint doctrine. It enables the joint force to organize, plan, train, and execute operations with a common language that is clearly articulated and universally understood. Since 1948, military terms have been codified in the DOD Dictionary. Although different in purpose, policy documents also require standardized terminology. While some policy terms are included in the DOD Dictionary, the bulk are codified in the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances. Policy terms may form the basis of doctrinal terms, further describe doctrinal concepts, or temporarily fill gaps in joint doctrine until adopted as extant practice. If included in the DOD Dictionary, policy terms will conform to the CJCSI 5705.01 and standing operating procedure guidelines. b. Policy and Joint Doctrine. Policy directs and assigns tasks, prescribes desired capabilities, and provides guidance for ensuring the Armed Forces of the United States are prepared to perform their assigned roles. Implicitly, policy can create new roles and Explanatory Notes 2 requirements for new capabilities. Joint doctrine enhances the operational effectiveness of the Armed Forces by providing authoritative guidance and standardized terminology on topics relevant to the employment of military forces. Although joint doctrine is neither policy nor strategy, it serves to make United States policy and strategy effective in the application of US military power. Terminology developed within policy and joint doctrine serves different purposes. The terminology required to support the employment of forces (doctrinal terms) may not be optimal for policy developers, whose purpose may be to illuminate resource or requirement documents. Terminology developed for DOD policy is not limited by the constraints imposed on doctrine terminology. Policy definitions may provide the basis for the doctrinal terms. Doctrinal terms cannot be in conflict with the law, regulation, or policy. 3. Terminology Definition Development The DOD Dictionary is designed to supplement common English-language dictionaries with standard terminology for military and associated use. After reviewing policy for criteria and the DOD Dictionary for existence, developers must consult the Terminology Repository before defaulting to commonly used, English-language dictionaries as a starting point in creating new DOD Dictionary terms and definitions. A definition should address the meaning of the term only and should not contain doctrinal or procedural information (i.e., it should focus on describing “what” a term is and not “how” or “why” it is used). If additional text is desired to elaborate on a definition, that information should be provided in the text of the publication. Accordingly, the following CJCSI 5705.01 and standing operating procedure criteria are used to determine the acceptability of terminology for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary: a. The term in a standard, commonly accepted dictionary is inadequate for DOD use. b. The term is not a standard dictionary definition with non-definitional text added. Example: capability - The ability to complete a task or execute a course of action under specified conditions and level of performance. c. The term is not self-defining. Example: bomber aircraft – An aircraft that is capable of delivery bombs. d. The term is not a policy term that competes or overrides a doctrinal term in the DOD Dictionary. e. The proposed term follows established procedures in this issuance. Verification must be provided that the DOD Terminologist approved; otherwise, the term will only be reflected in the Terminology Repository. f. Reflects extant DOD capabilities and practices. g. Of general military or associated significance. Technical or highly specialized terms may be included if they can be defined in easily understood language and if their inclusion is of general military or associated significance. h. Terms for weaponry are limited to generic weapon systems. Explanatory Notes 3 i. Are not to consist of or contain shortened word forms (e.g., abbreviations, acronyms, or initialisms). j. Must be UNCLASSIFIED (including shortened word forms) and marked as such if in controlled (e.g., FOUO) or classified documents. k. Are not prowords, code words, brevity words, or NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization]-only terms. l. Are not Service-specific or functionality-specific unless they are commonly employed in US joint force operations. m. An approved joint term with similar definition does not exist. n. Must be consistent with US law, treaties, international agreements, and executive orders. o. Noun terms should be in singular form. p. With few exceptions, should be general terms, not proper names. q. Cross reference entries (i.e., ‘also called’ terms) will not have a separate entry. Example: ‘Universal Time’ is also called ‘ZULU time,’ but no separate entry for ‘ZULU time’. r. Terms must appear and be used in the body of the document, not just in its glossary. s. Proposed entries should be written as a definition and not as a description. See CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, Enclosure C, Definition Writing Guide, for specific guidance that should be followed when developing terms and definitions intended for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary. 4. Shortened Word Forms (Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms) The DOD Dictionary includes shortened word forms (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms) for DOD and associated military terms. Shortened word forms in the DOD Dictionary are solely derived from currently approved JP glossaries and not centrally managed by the program for the joint force. Although all are shortened versions of a word or phrase, typically by a series of letters, there is a difference. a. An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase pronounced as a word (e.g., SecDef). b. An acronym is a shortened form of a phrase of words, where the letters of the acronym stand for the terms of its meaning and is also read as a word (e.g., ASAP [as soon as possible]). Explanatory Notes 4 c. An initialism is a shortened form of a word or phrase that is not spoken as a word; each letter is spoken separately (e.g., DOD). d. Parenthesis Use After Definitions (1) The term associated with an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism is referred to as the definition (e.g., the initialism definition for FOUO is ‘for official use only’). In some cases, there may be another abbreviation, acronym, or initialism in parenthesis following the definition. If the term is associated with a specific organization, the definition will include this tag in parenthesis showing it is an organizational-specific term. For example: ACE -- aviation combat element (USMC) or AFNORTHWEST -- Allied Forces North West Europe (NATO). (2) There should only be a DOD Dictionary-approved abbreviation, acronym, or initialism in the parenthesis. e. Other Criteria for Shortened Word Forms The list below is not an exhaustive list of criteria for shortened word forms but is provided as general guidance for organizations in their creation and management. Shortened word forms reflect those used in individual joint doctrine publications. Additional detail on shortened word form construction and guidance may be found in organizational standard operating procedures. Avoid overuse of shortened word forms. (1) Must be unclassified and marked as such if in controlled or classified documents. This means a glossary has to be marked unclassified to have the terms and definitions considered for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary or Terminology Repository. (2) Must be more than one letter. (3) Should avoid duplicating existing shortened word forms and must only have one meaning within a single document. (4) Should generally use capital letters. (5) Should only be created when needed and commonly used. All terms do not need a shortened word form. (6) Establish in a document only when the term is used more than once within the body. (7) Should not be used to create other shortened word forms (e.g., “Director, NRO” does not establish “DNRO,” regardless if “NRO” was established earlier in the text). (8) Should not be established as part of another shortened word form for use later in the text (e.g., if “C-2X” is being established using “counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element,” the definition cannot be written as “counterintelligence [CI] Explanatory Notes 5 and human intelligence [HUMINT] staff element” to establish CI and HUMINT for later use). 5. Terminology Repository for Department of Defense (Office of the Secretary of Defense/Joint Staff) Issuances The Terminology Repository was established to provide awareness on specific and technical policy terms and definitions that reside outside the DOD Dictionary (universal and general terms). The Terminology Repository supports the foundation that the DOD Dictionary is the primary terminology source. When accessing joint publications or policy, strategy, and planning documents, users should review both the DOD Dictionary and the Terminology Repository to develop a full understanding of how a term may be described, defined, or used to proceed accordingly. It is also recommended that all glossary developers also use the criteria enumerated in paragraph 2 in maintaining terms and definitions. Like the DOD Dictionary, the Terminology Repository is unclassified and uncontrolled. Unlike the DOD Dictionary, the Terminology Repository is not meant to capture or track shortened word forms such as abbreviations, acronyms, or initialisms. The Terminology Repository can be found on the Terminology Program webpage at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/. Explanatory Notes 6 Intentionally Blank 7 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS A acceptability — The plan review criterion for assessing whether the contemplated course of action is proportional, worth the cost, consistent with the law of war, and is militarily and politically supportable. See also adequacy; feasibility. (JP 5-0) access — In counterintelligence and intelligence use, a. a way or means of approach to identify a target; or b. exploitable proximity to or ability to approach an individual, facility, or information that enables target to carry out the intended mission. (JP 2-01.2) accompanying supplies — Unit supplies that deploy with forces. (JP 4-01.5) accountability — The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. (JP 1) acoustic intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic phenomena. Also called ACINT. (JP 2-0) acquisition and cross-servicing agreement — Agreement, negotiated on a bilateral basis with countries or international organizations, that allow United States forces to exchange most common types of support, including food, fuel, transportation, ammunition, and equipment. Also called ACSA. See also cross-servicing. (JP 4-08) action phase — In amphibious operations, the period of time between the arrival of the landing forces of the amphibious force in the operational area and the accomplishment of their mission. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; landing force; mission. (JP 3-02) activation — Order to active duty (other than for training) in the federal service. See also active duty; federal service. (JP 4-05) active defense — The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy. See also passive defense. (JP 3-60) active duty — Full-time duty in the active military service of the United States, including active duty or full-time training duty in the Reserve Component. See also active duty for training; inactive duty training. (JP 4-05) active duty for training — A tour of active duty that is used for training members of the Reserve Component to provide trained units and qualified persons to fill the needs of the Armed Forces of the United States in time of war or national emergency and such other times as the national security requires. (JP 4-05) Terms and Definitions 8 Active Guard and Reserve — National Guard and Reserve members who are on voluntary active duty providing full-time support to National Guard, Reserve, and Active Component organizations for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the Reserve Components. (CJCSM 3150.13) activity — 1. A unit, organization, or installation performing a function or mission. 2. A function, mission, action, or collection of actions. (JP 3-0) activity-based intelligence — An analytic method applied to structured data from multiple sources, to discover objects, relationships, or behaviors by resolving significant activity. Also call ABI. (JP 2-03) act of mercy — In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders’ cause or plight. See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) acute radiation dose — Total ionizing radiation dose received at one time and over a period so short that biological recovery cannot occur. (JP 3-11) acute radiation syndrome — An acute illness caused by irradiation of the body by a high dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time. Also called ARS. (JP 3-11) Adaptive Planning and Execution — A Department of Defense enterprise of joint policies, processes, procedures, and reporting structures, supported by communications and information technology, that is used by the joint planning and execution community to monitor, plan, and execute mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization activities associated with joint operations. Also called APEX. (JP 5-0) adequacy — The plan review criterion for assessing whether the scope and concept of planned operations can accomplish the assigned mission and comply with the planning guidance provided. See also acceptability; feasibility. (JP 5-0) administrative contracting officer — Contracting officer whose primary duties involve contract administration. Also called ACO. See also contracting officer; procuring contracting officer. (JP 4-10) administrative control — Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in respect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) administrative loading — A loading method that gives primary consideration to achieving maximum utilization of troop and cargo space without regard to tactical considerations. Also called commercial loading. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 9 advanced force operations — Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, identified targets and further develop the operational environment for near-term missions. Also called AFO. (JP 3-05) advance guard — Detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its uninterrupted advance; to protect the main body against surprise; to facilitate the advance by removing obstacles and repairing roads and bridges; and to cover the deployment of the main body if it is committed to action. (JP 3-07.2) adversary — A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) adversary template — A model based on an adversary’s known or postulated preferred methods of operation illustrating the disposition and activity of adversary forces and assets conducting a particular operation unconstrained by the impact of the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) aerial port — An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel and materiel as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located. See also port of debarkation; port of embarkation. (JP 3-17) aeromedical evacuation — The movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) aeromedical evacuation control team — A core team assigned to a component-numbered air force air operations center air mobility division that provides operational planning, scheduling, and execution of theater aeromedical evacuation missions and positioning of aeromedical evacuation ground forces. Also called AECT. See also aeromedical evacuation; air mobility division. (JP 3-17) aerospace defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking enemy aircraft and missiles and also negate hostile space systems. See also air defense; space defense. (JP 3-27) afloat pre-positioning force — Shipping maintained in full operational status to afloat pre- position military equipment and supplies in support of combatant commanders’ operation plans, consisting of the three maritime pre-positioning ships squadrons, the Army’s afloat pre-positioning stocks-3 ships, and the Defense Logistics Agency, and the Air Force ships. Also called APF. See also maritime pre-positioning ships. (JP 4-01.2) afloat pre-positioning operations — Pre-positioning of ships, preloaded with equipment and supplies that provides for an alternative to land-based programs. See also operation. (JP 4-01.6) Terms and Definitions 10 agency — In intelligence usage, an organization or individual that collects and/or processes information. Also called collection agency. See also agent; intelligence process; source. (JP 2-01) agent — In intelligence usage, one who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes. (JP 2-01.2) aimpoint — 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact. 2. A prominent radar-significant feature used to assist an aircrew in navigating and delivering their weapons. See also desired point of impact. (JP 3-60) air and missile defense — Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01) air apportionment — The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. (JP 3-0) air assault — The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain.. See also assault. (JP 3-18) air assault force — A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units organized, equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) air assault operation — An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary- wing or tiltrotor aircraft and the total integration of available fires, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) airborne — 1. In relation to personnel, troops especially trained to effect, following transport by air, an assault debarkation, either by parachuting or touchdown. 2. In relation to equipment, pieces of equipment that have been especially designed for use by airborne troops during or after an assault debarkation as well as some aeronautical equipment used to accomplish a particular mission. 3. When applied to materiel, items that form an integral part of the aircraft. 4. The state of an aircraft, from the instant it becomes entirely sustained by air until it ceases to be so sustained. (JP 3-17) airborne alert — A state of aircraft readiness wherein combat-equipped aircraft are airborne and ready for immediate action to reduce reaction time and to increase survivability. See also combat air patrol; ground alert. (JP 3-01) airborne assault — The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack and eliminate armed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18) Terms and Definitions 11 airborne early warning — The detection of enemy air or surface units by radar or other equipment carried in an airborne vehicle, and the transmitting of a warning to friendly units. Also called AEW. (JP 3-52) airborne mission coordinator — The designated individual that serves as an airborne extension of the component commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Also called AMC. See also combat search and rescue; personnel recovery coordination cell. (JP 3-50) airborne operation — An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of combat forces and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-18) air-capable ship — A ship other than an aircraft carrier, nuclear; amphibious assault ship (general purpose); or amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) from which aircraft can take off, be recovered, or routinely receive and transfer logistic support. Also called ACS. (JP 3-04) air corridor — A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. (JP 3-52) aircraft carrier — A warship designed to support and operate aircraft, engage in attacks on targets afloat or ashore, and engage in sustained operations in support of other forces. Also called CV or CVN. (JP 3-32) air defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or aerodynamic missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. See also aerospace defense. (JP 3-01) air defense area — 1. overseas — A specifically defined airspace for which air defense must be planned and provided. 2. United States — Airspace of defined dimensions designated by the appropriate agency within which the ready control of airborne vehicles is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency. (JP 3-01) air defense artillery — Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground. Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) air defense identification zone — Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required. Also called ADIZ. (JP 3-52) air defense region — A geographical subdivision of an air defense area. (JP 3-01) air defense sector — A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 12 air defense warning condition — An air defense warning given in the form of a color code corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC. (JP 3-01) air domain — The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30) airdrop — The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. See also air movement; free drop; free fall; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17) air expeditionary task force — A deployed numbered air force or command echelon immediately subordinate to a numbered air force provided as the United States Air Force component command committed to a joint operation. Also called AETF. (JP 3-30) airfield — An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, and equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing area; landing site. (JP 3-17) Air Force special operations air component — The Air Force component of a joint special operations force, normally composed of a special operations wing, special operations group, or squadron, and element of an Air Force special tactics personnel. Also called AFSOAC. (JP 3-05) Air Force special operations air detachment — A squadron-size headquarters that could be a composite organization composed of different Air Force special operations assets, normally subordinate to an Air Force special operations air component, joint special operations air component, joint special operations task force, or a joint task force. Also called AFSOAD. (JP 3-05) Air Force special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Air Force forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called AFSOF. (JP 3-05) airhead — 1. A lodgment that, when seized and held, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. (JP 3-18) 2. A designated location in an operational area used as a base for supply and evacuation by air. See also beachhead. (JP 3-17) airhead line — A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. See also airhead; assault phase; objective area. (JP 3-18) Terms and Definitions 13 air interdiction — Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s military surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. Also called AI. (JP 3-03) airland — Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an aircraft is hovering. See also air movement. (JP 3-17) air land operation — An operation involving movement by air with a designated destination for further ground deployment of units and personnel and/or further ground distribution of supplies. See also airland. (JP 3-17) air liaison officer — The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. Also called ALO. (JP 3-09.3) airlift capability — The total capacity expressed in terms of number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement of cargo that can be carried at any one time to a given destination by available airlift. See also airlift requirement. (JP 3-17) airlift control team — A core team within the joint air operations center with intratheater airlift functional expertise to plan, coordinate, manage, and execute intratheater airlift operations in support of the joint force air component commander. Also called ALCT. See also air operations center; air mobility division; intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17) airlift mission commander — A commander designated when airlift aircraft are participating in airlift operations specified in the implementing directive. See also joint force air component commander. (JP 3-17) airlift requirement — The total number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement of cargo required to be carried by air for a specific task. See also airlift capability. (JP 3-17) air mobility — The rapid movement of personnel, materiel and forces to and from or within a theater by air. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) Air Mobility Command — The Air Force component command of the United States Transportation Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-17) air mobility control team — A core team within the joint air operations center that directs or redirects air mobility forces in response to requirements changes, higher priorities, or immediate execution requirements. Also called AMCT. See also air operations center; air mobility; air mobility division. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 14 air mobility division — Located in the joint air operations center to plan, coordinate, task, and execute the air mobility mission consisting of the air mobility control team, airlift control team, air refueling control team, and aeromedical evacuation control team. Also called AMD. See also air mobility; joint air operations center. (JP 3-17) air mobility liaison officer — A rated United States Air Force mobility air forces officer selected, trained, and equipped to assess, train, advise, and assist with mobility air forces and ground force integration for air movement and sustainment. Also called AMLO. (JP 3-17) air movement — Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air landings. See also airdrop; airland. (JP 3-17) air operations center — The senior agency of the Air Force component commander that provides command and control of Air Force air and space operations and coordinates with other components and Services. Also called AOC. (JP 3-30) air refueling — The refueling of an aircraft in flight by another aircraft. Also called AR. (JP 3-17) air refueling control team — A core team within the joint air operations center that coordinates aerial refueling to support combat air operations or to support a strategic airbridge. Also called ARCT. See also air operations center; air mobility division; air refueling. (JP 3-17) air route — The navigable airspace between two points, identified to the extent necessary for the application of flight rules. (JP 3-52) air sovereignty — A nation’s inherent right to exercise absolute control and authority over the airspace above its territory. (JP 3-27) airspace control — Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) airspace control area — Airspace that is laterally defined by the boundaries of the operational area and may be subdivided into sectors. (JP 3-01) airspace control authority — The commander designated to assume overall responsibility for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called ACA. See also airspace control; airspace control area; airspace control system; control; operation. (JP 3-52) airspace control order — An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides the details of the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures. Also called ACO. (JP 3-52) Terms and Definitions 15 airspace control plan — The document approved by the joint force commander that provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force operational area. Also called ACP. See also airspace control system; joint force commander. (JP 3-52) airspace control procedures — Rules, mechanisms, and directions that facilitate the control and use of airspace of specified dimensions. See also airspace control authority; airspace control order; airspace control plan. (JP 3-52) airspace control system — An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies, procedures, and facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called ACS. (JP 3-52) airspace coordinating measures — Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called ACMs. See also airspace control area; airspace coordination area; high-density airspace control zone; weapons engagement zone. (JP 3-52) airspace coordination area — A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3) airspace management — The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions. (JP 3-52) air superiority — That degree of control of the air by one force that permits the conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) air support control section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical air control center designated to coordinate, control, and integrate all direct-support aircraft and assault-support operations. Also called ASCS. (JP 3-02) air support operations center — The principal air control agency of the theater air control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called ASOC. See also close air support; operation; tactical air control center. (JP 3-09.3) air support request — A means to request preplanned and immediate close air support, air interdiction, air reconnaissance, surveillance, escort, helicopter airlift, and other aircraft missions. Also called AIRSUPREQ. (JP 3-30) air supremacy — That degree of control of the air wherein the opposing force is incapable of effective interference within the operational area using air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 16 air tasking order — A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to targets and specific missions. Also called ATO. (JP 3-30) air terminal — A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and accommodates the loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the intransit processing of traffic. (JP 3-17) air traffic control section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical air control center designed to provide initial safe passage, radar control, and surveillance for close air support aircraft in the operational area. Also called ATCS. (JP 3-02) alert order — 1. A planning directive normally associated with a crisis, issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on behalf of the President or Secretary of Defense, that provides essential planning guidance and directs the development, adaptation, or refinement of a plan/order after the directing authority approves a military course of action. 2. A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance, directs the initiation of planning after the directing authority approves a military course of action, but does not authorize execution. Also called ALERTORD. See also course of action. (JP 5-0) alliance — The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. See also multinational. (JP 3-0) Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence — A partnership between five nations (United States and allied partners Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom) to advance the geospatial intelligence mission with a common analytic environment to provide a common geospatial intelligence picture. Also called ASG. (JP 2-03) allocation — 1. Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among competing requirements. 2. The temporary transfer of forces to meet the operational demand of combatant commanders, including rotational requirements and requests for capabilities or forces (unit or individual) in response to crisis or emergent contingencies. See also apportionment. (JP 5-0) allocation request — A daily message that provides an estimate of the total air effort, to identify any excess and joint force general support aircraft sorties, and to identify unfilled air requirements for preplanned missions. Also called ALLOREQ. (JP 3-30) allowable cabin load — The maximum payload that can be carried on an individual sortie. Also called ACL. (JP 3-17) all-source intelligence — 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that incorporate all sources of information in the production of finished intelligence. 2. In Terms and Definitions 17 intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) ammunition lot — A quantity of homogeneous ammunition, identified by a unique lot number, which is manufactured, assembled, or renovated by one producer under uniform conditions and which is expected to function in a uniform manner. (JP 3-04) amphibian — A small craft, propelled by propellers and wheels or by air cushions for the purpose of moving on both land and water. (JP 4-01.6) amphibious advance force — A temporary support force assigned to the amphibious force that conducts shaping operations in the amphibious objective area or operational area prior to the arrival of the amphibious force. (JP 3-02) amphibious air traffic control center — The centralized air traffic control agency on an amphibious warfare ship responsible for operational control of aircraft departing from and recovering on the ship and tactical control of airborne helicopters in support of amphibious assaults. Also called AATCC. (JP 3-02) amphibious assault — A type of amphibious operation that involves establishing a force on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-02) amphibious assault vehicle launching area — An area, in the vicinity of and to seaward of the line of departure, to which landing ships proceed and launch amphibious assault vehicles. (JP 3-02) amphibious breaching — The conduct of a deliberate breaching operation specifically planned to overcome antilanding defenses to conduct amphibious operations. (JP 3-02) amphibious bulk liquid transfer system — Hose-reel system providing capability to deliver fuel and/or water from ship to shore. Also called ABLTS. (JP 4-01.6) amphibious construction battalion — A permanently commissioned naval unit, subordinate to the commander, naval beach group, designed to provide an administrative unit from which personnel and equipment are formed in tactical elements and made available to appropriate commanders to operate causeways, transfer barges, warping tugs, and assault bulk fuel systems and to meet salvage requirements of the naval beach party. Also called PHIBCB. (JP 3-02) amphibious defense zone — The area encompassing the amphibious objective area and the adjoining airspace required by accompanying naval forces for the purpose of air defense. Also called an ADZ. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 18 amphibious demonstration — A type of amphibious operation conducted for the purpose of deceiving the enemy by a show of force with the expectation of deluding the enemy into following an unfavorable course of action. (JP 3-02) amphibious force — An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces that are trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations. Also called AF. See also amphibious operation; amphibious task force; landing force. (JP 3-02) amphibious objective area — A geographical area of sufficient size for conducting necessary sea, air, and land operations and within which is located the objective(s) to be secured by the amphibious force. Also called AOA. See also amphibious force; mission. (JP 3-02) amphibious operation — A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force to conduct landing force operations within the littorals. Also called PHIBOP. See also amphibious force; landing force; mission; operation. (JP 3-02) amphibious raid — A type of amphibious operation involving swift incursion into, or temporary occupation of, an objective area followed by a planned withdrawal. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) amphibious ready group — A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious operations, commanded by an amphibious squadron commander. Also called ARG. (JP 3-02) amphibious squadron — A tactical and administrative organization composed of amphibious warfare ships used to transport troops and their equipment for an amphibious operation. Also called PHIBRON. (JP 3-02) amphibious task force — A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious operations. Also called ATF. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; landing force. (JP 3-02) amphibious vehicle — A wheeled or tracked vehicle capable of operating on both land and water. See also landing craft. (JP 3-02) amphibious vehicle availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of amphibious vehicles available primarily for assault landings and for support of other elements of the operation. (JP 3-02) amphibious vehicle employment plan — A plan showing, in tabular form, the planned employment of amphibious vehicles during landing operations, to include initial movement to the beach. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 19 amphibious warfare ship — A combatant ship having organic capability to embark, land, and support landing forces in amphibious operations and which has characteristics enabling long-duration operations on the high seas. (JP 3-02) amphibious withdrawal — A type of amphibious operation involving the extraction of forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) analysis and production — In intelligence usage, the conversion of processed information into intelligence through the integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of all source data and the preparation of intelligence products in support of known or anticipated user requirements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) antemortem data — Medical records, samples, and photographs taken prior to death. These include (but are not limited to) fingerprints, dental x-rays, body tissue samples, photographs of tattoos, or other identifying marks. These “pre-death” records would be compared against records completed after death to help establish a positive identification of human remains. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) antiaccess — Action, activity, or capability, usually long-range, designed to prevent an advancing enemy force from entering an operational area. Also called A2. (JP 3-0) Antideficiency Act violations — The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure (outlays) in violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 1-06) antiradiation missile — A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. Also called ARM. See also guided missile. (JP 3-01) antisubmarine warfare — Operations conducted with the intention of denying the enemy the effective use of submarines. Also called ASW. (JP 3-32) antiterrorism — Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian forces. Also called AT. See also counterterrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-07.2) anti-vehicle land mine — A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a vehicle. Also called AVL. (JP 3-15) application — 1. The system or problem to which a computer is applied. 2. In the intelligence context, the direct extraction and tailoring of information from an existing foundation of intelligence and near real time reporting. (JP 2-0) apportionment — The quantities of force capabilities and resources provided for planning purposes only, but not necessarily an identification of the actual forces that may be allocated for use when a plan transitions to execution. See also allocation. (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 20 approach schedule — In amphibious operations, a schedule that indicates, for each scheduled wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the line of departure and from other control points, and the time of arrival at the beach. (JP 3-02) apron — A defined area on an airfield intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance. (JP 3-34) area air defense commander — The component commander with the preponderance of air defense capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01) area command — A command that is composed of elements of one or more of the Services, organized and placed under a single commander and designated to operate in a specific geographical area. See also command. (JP 3-10) area damage control — Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action or natural or manmade disasters, to reduce the probability of damage and minimize its effects. Also called ADC. (JP 3-10) area denial — Action, activity, or capability, usually short-range, designed to limit an enemy force’s freedom of action within an operational area. Also called AD. (JP 3-0) area of influence — A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander’s command or control. (JP 3-0) area of interest — That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory. Also called AOI. See also area of influence. (JP 3-0) area of operations — An operational area defined by a commander for land and maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. Also called AO. See also area of responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations area. (JP 3-0) area of responsibility — The geographical area associated with a combatant command within which a geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct operations. Also called AOR. See also combatant command. (JP 1) area search — Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas. (JP 3-50) Armed Forces of the United States — A term used to denote collectively all components of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard (when mobilized under Terms and Definitions 21 Title 10, United States Code, to augment the Navy). See also United States Armed Forces. (JP 1) arming — As applied to explosives, weapons, and ammunition, the changing from a safe condition to a state of readiness for initiation. (JP 3-15) Army air-ground system — The Army system which provides for interface between Army and tactical air support agencies of other Services in the planning, evaluating, processing, and coordinating of air support requirements and operations. Also called AAGS. (JP 3-09.3) Army corps — An intermediate headquarters between divisions and the theater army consisting of two or more divisions together with supporting brigades. (JP 3-31) Army Service component command — Command responsible for recommendations to the joint force commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a combatant command. Also called ASCC. (JP 3-31) Army special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Army forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05) Army support area — The specific support area for a theater Army that is outside of a division or corps’s operational area established primarily for the positioning, employment, and protection of theater support units; and where the majority of the sustaining operations occur. (JP 3-31) arrival zone — In counterdrug operations, the area in or adjacent to the United States where smuggling concludes and domestic distribution begins (by air, an airstrip; by sea, an offload point on land, or transfer to small boats). See also transit zone. (JP 3-07.4) ascent phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle that begins after powered flight and ends just prior to apogee. (JP 3-01) assault — 1. In an amphibious operation, the period of time between the arrival of the major assault forces of the amphibious task force in the objective area and the accomplishment of the amphibious task force mission. (JP 3-02) 2. To make a short, violent, but well-ordered attack against a local objective, such as a gun emplacement, a fort, or a machine gun nest. (JP 3-18) 3. A phase of an airborne operation beginning with delivery by air of the assault echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of assault objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. See also assault phase. (JP 3-18) assault breaching — A part of amphibious breaching in support of an amphibious assault involving a fire support mission using precision-guided munitions to neutralize mines and obstacles in the surf zone and on the beach. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 22 assault craft unit — A permanently commissioned naval organization, subordinate to the commander, naval beach group, that contains landing craft and crews necessary to provide lighterage required in an amphibious operation. Also called ACU. (JP 3-02) assault echelon — In amphibious operations, the element of a force comprised of tailored units and aircraft assigned to conduct the initial assault on the operational area. Also called AE. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) assault follow-on echelon — In amphibious operations, that echelon of the assault troops, vehicles, aircraft, equipment, and supplies that, though not needed to initiate the assault, is required to support and sustain the assault. Also called AFOE. (JP 3-02) assault phase — In an airborne operation, a phase beginning with delivery by air of the assault echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of assault objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. See also assault. (JP 3-18) assault schedule — In amphibious operations, a schedule that provides the formation, composition, and timing of waves landing over the beach. (JP 3-02) assessment — 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing capabilities during military operations. 2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. 3. Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned intelligence activity. 4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of present or prospective employees or “agents.” (JP 3-0) assessment agent — The organization responsible for conducting an assessment of an approved joint publication. Also called AA. (CJCSM 5120.01) asset validation — In intelligence use, the process used to determine the asset authenticity, reliability, utility, suitability, and degree of control the case officer or others have. (JP 2-01.2) asset visibility — Provides users with information on the location, movement, status and identity of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies. Also called AV. (JP 3-35) assign — 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel. 2. To detail individuals to specific duties or functions where such duties or functions are primary and/or relatively permanent. See also attach. (JP 3-0) assumption — A specific supposition of the operational environment that is assumed to be true, in the absence of positive proof, essential for the continuation of planning. (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 23 atmospheric environment — The envelope of air surrounding the Earth, including its interfaces and interactions with the Earth’s solid or liquid surface. (JP 3-59) attach — 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary. 2. The detailing of individuals to specific functions where such functions are secondary or relatively temporary. See also assign. (JP 3-0) attack group — A subordinate task organization of the Navy forces of an amphibious task force composed of amphibious warfare ships and supporting naval units designated to transport, protect, land, and initially support a landing group. (JP 3-02) attack heading — 1. The interceptor heading during the attack phase that will achieve the desired track-crossing angle. 2. The assigned magnetic compass heading to be flown by aircraft during the delivery phase of an air strike. (JP 3-09.3) attack position — The last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing the line of departure. (JP 3-09.3) audience — In public affairs, a broadly-defined group that contains stakeholders and/or publics relevant to military operations. (JP 3-61) authentication — 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator. 2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information. 3. Evidence by proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official. 4. In personnel recovery missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed. See also evader; evasion; recovery operations; security. (JP 3-50) authorized departure — A procedure, short of ordered departure, by which mission employees or dependents or both, are permitted to leave post in advance of normal rotation when the national interests or imminent threat to life require it. (JP 3-68) Automated Repatriation Reporting System — A Defense Manpower Data Center system used to track the status of noncombatant evacuees after they have arrived in an initial safe haven in the United States. (JP 3-68) automatic identification technology — A suite of technologies enabling the automatic capture of data, thereby enhancing the ability to identify, track, document, and control assets (e.g., materiel), deploying and redeploying forces, equipment, personnel, and sustainment cargo. Also called AIT. (JP 4-09) autonomous operation — In air defense, the mode of operation assumed by a unit after it has lost all communications with higher echelons forcing the unit commander to assume full responsibility for control of weapons and engagement of hostile targets. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 24 avenue of approach — An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path. Also called AA. (JP 2-01.3) aviation medicine — The special field of medicine that is related to the biological and psychological problems of flight. (JP 4-02) 25 B backfill — Reserve Component units and individuals recalled to replace deploying active units and/or individuals in the continental United States and outside the continental United States. See also Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) bale cubic capacity — The space available for cargo measured in cubic feet to the inside of the cargo battens, on the frames, and to the underside of the beams. (JP 4-01.2) ballistic missile — Any missile that does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. Also called BM. See also guided missile. (JP 3-01) barrier — A coordinated series of natural or man-made obstacles designed or employed to channel, direct, restrict, delay, or stop the movement of an opposing force and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) barrier combat air patrol — One or more divisions or elements of fighter aircraft employed between a force and an objective area as a barrier across the probable direction of enemy attack. See also combat air patrol. (JP 3-01) barrier, obstacle, and mine warfare plan — A comprehensive, coordinated plan that includes responsibilities; general location of unspecified and specific barriers, obstacles, and minefields; special instructions; limitations; coordination; and completion times; and may designate locations of obstacle zones or belts. (JP 3-15) base — 1. A locality from which operations are projected or supported. 2. An area or locality containing installations which provide logistic or other support. 3. Home airfield or home carrier. See also facility. (JP 4-0) base boundary — A line that delineates the surface area of a base for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-10) base cluster — In base defense operations, a collection of bases, geographically grouped for mutual protection and ease of command and control. (JP 3-10) base cluster commander — In base defense operations, a senior base commander designated by the joint force commander responsible for coordinating the defense of bases within the base cluster and for integrating defense plans of bases into a base cluster defense plan. (JP 3-10) base cluster operations center — A command and control facility that serves as the base cluster commander’s focal point for defense and security of the base cluster. Also called BCOC. (JP 3-10) Terms and Definitions 26 base defense — The local military measures, both normal and emergency, required to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base, to ensure that the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to United States forces. (JP 3-10) base defense operations center — A command and control facility established by the base commander to serve as the focal point for base security and defense. Also called BDOC. (JP 3-10) base defense zone — An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. Also called BDZ. (JP 3-52) base development — The acquisition, development, expansion, improvement, construction and/or replacement of the facilities and resources of a location to support forces. (JP 3-34) baseline costs — The continuing annual costs of military operations funded by the operations and maintenance and military personnel appropriations. (JP 1-06) base operating support — Directly assisting, maintaining, supplying, and distributing support of forces at the operating location. Also called BOS. (JP 4-0) base operating support-integrator — The designated Service component or joint task force commander assigned to synchronize all sustainment functions for a contingency base. Also called BOS-I. (JP 4-0) base plan — A type of operation plan that describes the concept of operations, major forces, sustainment concept, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission without annexes or time-phased force and deployment data. Also called BPLAN. (JP 5-0) base support installation — A Department of Defense Service or agency installation within the United States and its territories tasked to serve as a base for military forces engaged in either homeland defense or conducting defense support of civil authorities. Also called BSI. (JP 3-28) basic encyclopedia — A compilation of identified installations and physical areas of potential significance as objectives for attack. Also called BE. (JP 2-01) basic load — The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and which can be moved by, a unit or formation, expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (JP 4-09) battalion landing team — 1. In an amphibious operation, an infantry battalion normally reinforced by necessary combat and service elements. 2. The basic unit for planning an assault landing. Also called BLT. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 27 battle damage assessment — The estimate of damage composed of physical and functional damage assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application of lethal or nonlethal military force. Also called BDA. See also combat assessment. (JP 3-0) battle damage repair — Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly in a battle environment in order to return damaged or disabled equipment to temporary service. Also called BDR. (JP 4-09) battlefield coordination detachment — An Army liaison located in the air operations center that provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air component commander. Also called BCD. See also air operations center. (JP 3-03) battle injury — Damage or harm sustained by personnel during or as a result of battle conditions. Also called BI. (JP 4-02) battle management — The management of activities within the operational environment based on the commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority. (JP 3-01) battle rhythm — A deliberate, daily schedule of command, staff, and unit activities intended to maximize use of time and synchronize staff actions. (JP 3-33) beach — 1. The area extending from the shoreline inland to a marked change in physiographic form or material or to the line of permanent vegetation (coastline). 2. In amphibious operations, that portion of the shoreline designated for landing of a tactical organization. (JP 3-02) beachhead — A designated area on a hostile or potentially hostile shore that, when seized and held, ensures the continuous landing of troops and materiel and provides maneuver space requisite for subsequent projected operations ashore. (JP 3-02) beachmaster unit — A commissioned naval unit of the naval beach group designed to provide to the shore party a Navy component known as a beach party, which is capable of supporting the amphibious landing of one division (reinforced). Also called BMU. See also beach party; naval beach group; shore party. (JP 4-01.6) beach party — The Navy component of the landing force support party under the tactical control of the landing force support party commander. See also beachmaster unit; shore party. (JP 3-02) beach support area — In amphibious operations, the area to the rear of a landing force, or elements thereof, that contains the facilities for the unloading of troops and materiel and the support of the forces ashore. Also called BSA. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 28 begin morning civil twilight — The period of time at which the sun is halfway between beginning morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see objects clearly with the unaided eye. Also called BMCT. (JP 2-01.3) begin morning nautical twilight — The start of that period where, in good conditions and in the absence of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations. Also called BMNT. (JP 3-09.3) believed-to-be — In mortuary affairs, the status of any human remains until a positive identification has been determined. Used interchangeably with tentative identification. Also called BTB. (JP 4-06) bill — A ship’s publication listing operational or administrative procedures. (JP 3-04) biological agent — A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. See also chemical agent. (JP 3-11) biological hazard — An organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to human or animal health. (JP 3-11) biometrics — The process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0) biometrics-enabled intelligence — The intelligence derived from the processing of biologic identity data and other all-source for information concerning persons of interest. Also called BEI. (JP 2-0) biosurveillance — The process to gather, integrate, interpret, and communicate essential information related to all-hazards, threats, or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better decision making at all levels. (JP 4-02) blister agent — A chemical agent that injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the skin. Also called vesicant agent. (JP 3-11) blood agent — A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 3-11) blood chit — A small sheet of material depicting an American flag and a statement in several languages to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be rewarded. See also evasion aid. (JP 3-50) Terms and Definitions 29 Blue Bark — US military personnel, US citizen civilian employees of the Department of Defense, and the dependents of both categories who travel in connection with the death of an immediate family member. It also applies to designated escorts for dependents of deceased military members. Furthermore, the term is used to designate the personal property shipment of a deceased member. (JP 4-06) board — An organized group of individuals within a headquarters, appointed and tasked by the commander (or other authority), that meets with the purpose of gaining guidance or decision. (JP 3-33) boat group — The basic organization of landing craft. (JP 3-02) boat lane — A lane for amphibious assault landing craft, which extends from the line of departure to the beach. (JP 3-02) boat space — The space and weight factor used in planning for one person with individual equipment to determine overall ship-to-shore movement requirements for boats, landing craft, and amphibious vehicles. (JP 3-02) bona fides — 1. In personnel recovery, the use of verbal or visual communication by individuals who are unknown to one another, to establish their authenticity, sincerity, honesty, and truthfulness. See also evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) 2. The lack of fraud or deceit: a determination that a person is who he/she says he/she is. (JP 2-01.2) boost phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which the booster and sustainer engines operate. See also midcourse phase; terminal phase. (JP 3-01) bottom mine — A mine with negative buoyancy that remains on the seabed. See also mine. (JP 3-15) boundary — A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0) branch — 1. A subdivision of any organization. 2. A geographically separate unit of an activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a smaller scale. 3. An arm or service of the Army. 4. The contingency options built into the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions. See also sequel. (JP 5-0) breakbulk ship — A ship with conventional holds for stowage of breakbulk cargo and a limited number of containers, below or above deck, and equipped with cargo-handling gear. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 30 brevity code — A code word, which provides no security, that serves the sole purpose of shortening of messages rather than the concealment of their content. (JP 3-09.3) brigade combat team — A combined arms team that forms the basic building block of the Army’s tactical formations. Also called BCT. (JP 3-31) broken stowage — The space lost in the holds of a vessel because of the contour of the ship, dunnage, ladders, stanchions, and the shape of the cargo. (JP 3-02) broken stowage factor — A factor applied to the available space for embarkation, due to the loss between boxes, between vehicles, around stanchions, and over cargo, that will vary depending on the type and size of vehicles, type and size of general cargo, training and experience of loading personnel, type of loading, method of stowage, and configuration of compartments. (JP 3-02) buddy aid — Acute medical care (first aid) provided by a nonmedical Service member to another person. (JP 4-02) buffer zone — 1. A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which disputing or belligerent forces have been excluded. Also called area of separation in some United Nations operations. Also called BZ. See also line of demarcation; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) 2. A designated area used for safety in military operations. (JP 3-01) building system — A structure assembled from manufactured components designed to provide a specific building configuration. (JP 3-34) bulk cargo — That which is generally shipped in volume where the transportation conveyance is the only external container; such as liquids, ore, or grain. (JP 4-01.5) bulk petroleum product — A liquid petroleum product transported by various means and stored in tanks or containers having an individual fill capacity greater than 208 liters. (JP 4-03) bulk storage — 1. Storage in a warehouse of supplies and equipment in large quantities, usually in original containers, as distinguished from bin storage. 2. Storage of liquids, such as petroleum products in tanks, as distinguished from drum or packaged storage. (JP 4-03) 31 C cache — A source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, water, medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or submersion, to support isolated personnel. See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) call sign — Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. (JP 3-50) campaign — A series of related operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space. See also campaign plan. (JP 5-0) campaign plan — A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space. See also campaign. (JP 5-0) canalize — To restrict operations to a narrow zone by use of existing or reinforcing obstacles or by fire or bombing. (JP 3-15) candidate target list — A list of entities submitted by component commanders, appropriate agencies, or the joint force commander’s staff for further development and inclusion on the joint target list, restricted target list, or the no-strike list. Also called CTL. See also joint integrated prioritized target list; target; target nomination list. (JP 3-60) capstone publication — The top joint doctrine publication in the hierarchy of joint publications that links joint doctrine to national strategy and the contributions of other government departments and agencies, multinational partners, and reinforces policy for command and control. See also joint publication; keystone publications. (CJCSM 5120.01) cargo increment number — A seven-character alphanumeric field that uniquely describes a non-unit-cargo entry (line) in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System time-phased force and deployment data. (JP 3-35) carrier air wing — Two or more aircraft squadrons formed under one commander for administrative and tactical control of operations from a carrier. Also called CVW. (JP 3-32) carrier control zone — The airspace within a circular limit defined by 5 miles horizontal radius from the carrier, extending upward from the surface to and including 2,500 feet unless otherwise designated for special operations, and is under the cognizance of the air officer during visual meteorological conditions. (JP 3-52) Terms and Definitions 32 carrier strike group — A standing naval task group consisting of a carrier, embarked air wing, surface combatants, and submarines as assigned in direct support, operating in mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces within the group’s assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore lines or projecting power inland. Also called CSG. (JP 3-32) cartridge-actuated device — Small explosive devices used to eject stores from launched devices, actuate other explosive systems, or provide initiation for aircrew escape devices. (JP 3-04) case fatality rate — As it applies to trauma, a calculation used to measure the lethality of combat operations for those who are wounded, which compares the number of personnel killed in action and died of wounds to those wounded in action. (JP 4-02) case officer — A professional employee of an intelligence or counterintelligence organization, who provides directions for an agent operation and/or handling intelligence assets. (JP 2-01.2) casualty — Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty status – whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. (JP 4-02) casualty evacuation — The unregulated movement of casualties that can include movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. Also called CASEVAC. See also casualty; evacuation; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) casualty rate — The number of casualties per 1,000 population at risk. (DODI 8620.04) casualty receiving and treatment ship — In amphibious operations, a ship designated to receive, provide treatment for, and transfer casualties. Also called CRTS. (JP 3-02) catastrophic event — Any natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, which results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, and/or government functions. (JP 3-28) causeway — A craft similar in design to a barge, but longer and narrower, designed to assist in the discharge and transport of cargo from vessels. (JP 4-01.6) causeway launching area — An area located near the line of departure but clear of the approach lanes to an area located in the inner transport area. (JP 3-02) C-day — The unnamed day on which a deployment operation commences or is to commence. (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 33 cell — A subordinate organization formed around a specific process, capability, or activity within a designated larger organization of a headquarters. (JP 3-33) center — An enduring, functional organization, with a supporting staff, designed to perform a joint function within a headquarters. (JP 3-33) center of gravity — The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act. Also called COG. See also decisive point. (JP 5-0) central control officer — The officer, embarked in the central control ship, designated by the amphibious task force commander for the overall coordination of the waterborne ship-to-shore movement. Also called CCO. (JP 3-02) centralized control — 1. In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes direct target assignments to fire units. (JP 3-01) 2. In joint air operations, placing within one commander the responsibility and authority for planning, directing, and coordinating a military operation or group/category of operations. See also decentralized control. (JP 3-30) chaff — Radar confusion reflectors, consisting of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes. (JP 3-13.1) chain of command — The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a subordinate through which command is exercised. Also called command channel. (JP 1) Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction — A document for all types of correspondence containing Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff policy and guidance that does not involve the employment of forces, which is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies, or both the Joint Staff and external agencies. Also called CJCSI. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual. (CJCSM 5120.01) Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual — A document containing detailed procedures for performing specific tasks that do not involve the employment of forces, which is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies or both the Joint Staff and external agencies. Also called CJCSM. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction. (CJCSM 5120.01) chalk number — The number given to a complete load and to the transporting carrier. (JP 3-17) change detection — An image enhancement technique that compares two images of the same area from different time periods and eliminates identical picture elements in order to leave the signatures that have undergone change. (JP 2-03) Terms and Definitions 34 channel airlift — Airlift provided for movement of sustainment cargo, scheduled either regularly or depending upon volume of workload, between designated ports of embarkation and ports of debarkation over validated contingency or distribution routes. (JP 3-17) chemical agent — A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects. See also chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11) chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense — Measures taken to minimize or negate the vulnerabilities to, and/or effects of, a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear hazard or incident. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-11) chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment — An operational environment that includes chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards and their potential resulting effects. Also called CBRN environment. (JP 3-11) chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard — Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear elements that could create adverse effects due to an accidental or deliberate release and dissemination. Also called CBRN hazard. (JP 3-11) chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident — Any occurrence, resulting from the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons and devices; the emergence of secondary hazards arising from friendly actions; or the release of toxic industrial materials or biological organisms and substances into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11) chemical hazard — Any chemical manufactured, used, transported, or stored that can cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those materials, including chemical agents and chemical weapons prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention as well as toxic industrial chemicals. (JP 3-11) chemical warfare — All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal and incapacitating chemical munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated with such offensive operations. Also called CW. See also chemical agent; chemical weapon; riot control agent. (JP 3-11) chemical weapon — Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above. See also chemical agent; chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11) Terms and Definitions 35 chief of fires — The senior organic fires Army staff officer at division and higher headquarters level who advises the commander on the best use of available fire support resources, provides input to necessary orders, and develops and implements the fire support plan. Also called COF. (JP 3-09) chief of mission — The principal officer in charge of a diplomatic facility of the United States, including any individual temporarily assigned to be in charge of such a facility. Also called COM. (JP 3-08) chief of staff — The senior or principal member or head of a staff who acts as the controlling member of a staff for purposes of the coordination of its work or to exercise command in another’s name. Also called COS. (JP 3-33) civil administration — An administration established by a foreign government in (1) friendly territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established. Also called CA. (JP 3-05) civil affairs — Designated Active Component and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations. Also called CA. See also civil-military operations. (JP 3-57) civil affairs operations — Actions planned, coordinated, executed, and assessed to enhance awareness of, and manage the interaction with, the civil component of the operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of instability within civil society; and/or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the responsibility of civil government. Also called CAO. (JP 3-57) civil augmentation program — Standing, long-term external support contacts designed to augment Service logistic capabilities with contracted support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies. Also called CAP. See also contingency; contingency contract; external support contract. (JP 4-10) civil authorities — Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the government of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, insular areas, and political subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28) civil authority information support — The use of military information support operations capabilities to conduct public information dissemination activities to support national security or disaster relief operations within the United States and its territories in support of a lead federal agency. Also called CAIS. (JP 3-13.2) Terms and Definitions 36 civil emergency — Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the President, federal assistance is needed to supplement state and local efforts and capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety or to lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. (JP 3-28) civil information — Relevant data relating to the civil areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events of the civil component of the operational environment used to support the situational awareness of the supported commander. (JP 3-57) civil information management — Process whereby data relating to the civil component of the operational environment is gathered, collated, processed, analyzed, produced into information products, and disseminated. Also called CIM. (JP 3-57) civil-military medicine — A discipline within operational medicine comprising public health and medical issues that involve a civil-military interface (foreign or domestic), including medical defense support of civil authorities, medical elements of security cooperation activities, and medical civil-military operations. (JP 4-02) civil-military operations — Activities of a commander performed by designated military forces that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces and indigenous populations and institutions by directly supporting the achievement of objectives relating to the reestablishment or maintenance of stability within a region or host nation. Also called CMO. See also civil affairs; operation. (JP 3-57) civil-military operations center — An organization, normally comprised of civil affairs, established to plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the United States within indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, and other governmental agencies in support of the commander. Also called CMOC. See also civil-military operations; operation. (JP 3-57) civil-military team — A temporary organization of civilian and military personnel task- organized to provide an optimal mix of capabilities and expertise to accomplish specific operational and planning tasks. (JP 3-57) civil reconnaissance — A targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of specific civil aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, or events. Also called CR. (JP 3-57) Civil Reserve Air Fleet — A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for the services of specific aircraft, owned by a United States entity or citizen, during national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military airlift activity is required. Also called CRAF. See also reserve. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 37 civil search and rescue — Search and/or rescue operations and associated civilian services provided to assist persons in potential or actual distress and protect property in a nonhostile environment. Also called civil SAR. (JP 3-50) clandestine — Any activity or operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or agencies with the intent to assure secrecy and concealment. (JP 2-01.2) clandestine operation — An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. See also covert operation; overt operation. (JP 3-05) classes of supply — The ten categories into which supplies are grouped in order to facilitate supply management and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items. II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV. Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development. See also petroleum, oils, and lubricants. (JP 4-09) classification — The determination that official information requires, in the interests of national security, a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made. (JP 2-01.2) classified information — Official information that has been determined to require, in the interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has been so designated. (JP 2-01.2) clearance capacity — An estimate expressed in agreed upon units of cargo measurement per day of the cargo or people that may be transported inland from a beach or port over the available means of inland communication, including roads, railroads, airlift, and inland waterways. See also throughput capacity. (JP 4-01.5) clearance decontamination — The final level of decontamination that provides the decontamination of equipment and personnel to a level that allows unrestricted transportation, maintenance, employment, and disposal. (JP 3-11) clearing operation — An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and obstacles from a route or area. (JP 3-15) climate change — Variations in average weather conditions that persist over multiple decades or longer that encompass increases and decreases in temperature, shifts in Terms and Definitions 38 precipitation, and changing risk of certain types of severe weather events. (DODD 4715.21) close air support — Air action by manned or unmanned fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. See also air interdiction. (JP 3-0) close-range ballistic missile — A land-based ballistic missile with a range capability up to 300 nautical miles. Also called CRBM. (JP 3-01) close support — The action of the supporting force against targets or objectives that are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action. See also direct support; general support; mutual support; support. (JP 3-31) close support area — Those parts of the ocean operating areas nearest to, but not necessarily in, the objective area. (JP 3-02) closure — In transportation, the process of a unit’s arriving at a specified location. (JP 4-01.5) coastal sea control — The employment of forces to ensure the unimpeded use of an offshore coastal area by friendly forces and, as appropriate, to deny the use of the area to enemy forces. (JP 3-10) code word — 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning to safeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. 2. A cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data. (JP 3-50) collateral damage — A form of collateral effect that causes unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60) collateral effect — Unintentional or incidental effect to objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60) collection — In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information and the provision of this information to processing elements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) collection agency — Any individual, organization, or unit that has access to sources of information and the capability of collecting information from them. See also agency. (JP 2-01) collection asset — A collection system, platform, or capability that is supporting, assigned, or attached to a particular commander. See also collection. (JP 2-01) Terms and Definitions 39 collection management — In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence requirements into collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as required. See also collection; collection requirement; collection requirements management; intelligence; intelligence process. (JP 2-0) collection manager — An individual with responsibility for the timely and efficient tasking of organic collection resources and the development of requirements for theater and national assets that could satisfy specific information needs in support of the mission. Also called CM. See also collection. (JP 2-01) collection operations management — The authoritative direction, scheduling, and control of specific collection operations and associated processing, exploitation, and reporting resources. Also called COM. See also collection management; collection requirements management. (JP 2-0) collection plan — A systematic scheme to optimize the employment of all available collection capabilities and associated processing, exploitation, and dissemination resources to satisfy specific information requirements. See also information requirements; intelligence process. (JP 2-0) collection planning — A continuous process that coordinates and integrates the efforts of all collection units and agencies. See also collection. (JP 2-0) collection point — A point designated for the assembly of personnel casualties, stragglers, disabled materiel, salvage, etc., for further movement to collecting stations or rear installations. Also called CP. (JP 4-06) collection posture — The current status of collection assets and resources to satisfy identified information requirements. (JP 2-0) collection requirement — A valid need to close a specific gap in intelligence holdings in direct response to a request for information. (JP 2-0) collection requirements management — The authoritative development and control of collection, processing, exploitation, and/or reporting requirements that normally result in either the direct tasking of requirements to units over which the commander has authority, or the generation of tasking requests to collection management authorities at a higher, lower, or lateral echelon to accomplish the collection mission. Also called CRM. See also collection; collection management; collection operations management. (JP 2-0) collection requirements matrix — A worksheet that compiles collection requirements to inform the initial integrated collection planning efforts and links priority intelligence Terms and Definitions 40 requirements, their associated essential elements of information, and related indicators to supporting specific information requirements. Also called CRMx. (JP 2-01) collection resource — A collection system, platform, or capability that is not supporting, assigned, or attached to a specific unit or echelon which must be requested and coordinated through the chain of command. See also collection management. (JP 2-01) collection strategy — An analytical approach used by collection managers to determine which intelligence disciplines can be applied to satisfy information requirements. (JP 2-0) collective protection — The protection provided to a group of individuals that permits relaxation of individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also called COLPRO. (JP 3-11) colored beach — That portion of usable coastline sufficient for the assault landing of a regimental landing team or similar-sized unit. See also numbered beach. (JP 3-02) combat air patrol — An aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, the force protected, the critical area of a combat zone, or in an air defense area, for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their targets. Also called CAP. See also airborne alert; barrier combat air patrol; rescue combat air patrol. (JP 3-01) combat and operational stress — The expected and predictable emotional, intellectual, physical, and/or behavioral reactions of an individual who has been exposed to stressful events in military operations. (JP 4-02) combat and operational stress control — Programs developed and actions taken by military leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational stress reactions in units; optimize mission performance; conserve fighting strength; prevent or minimize adverse effects of combat and operational stress on members’ physical, psychological, intellectual, and social health; and to return the unit or Service member to duty expeditiously. Also called COSC. (JP 4-02) combatant command — A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called CCMD. See also specified combatant command; unified command. (JP 1) combatant command chaplain — The senior chaplain assigned to the staff of, or designated by, the combatant commander to provide advice on religion, ethical, and moral issues and morale of assigned personnel and to coordinate religious ministries within the combatant commander’s area of responsibility. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 41 combatant command (command authority) — Nontransferable command authority, which cannot be delegated, of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces; assigning tasks; designating objectives; and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Also called COCOM. See also combatant command; combatant commander; operational control; tactical control. (JP 1) combatant commander — A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant commands established by the President. Also called CCDR. See also combatant command; specified combatant command; unified combatant command. (JP 3-0) combatant commander logistic procurement support board — A combatant commander-level joint board established to ensure that contracting support and other sources of support are properly synchronized across the entire area of responsibility. Also called CLPSB. See also joint requirements review board; joint contracting support board. (JP 4-10) combatant command support agent — The Secretary of a Military Department to whom the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense has assigned administrative and logistical support of the headquarters of a combatant command, United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, or subordinate unified command. The nature and scope of the combatant command support agent responsibilities, functions, and authorities shall be prescribed at the time of assignment or in keeping with existing agreements and practices, and they shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense revokes, supersedes, or modifies them. (DODD 5100.03) combat assessment — The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment during military operations. Also called CA. See also battle damage assessment; munitions effectiveness assessment; reattack recommendation. (JP 3-60) combat camera — Specially-trained expeditionary forces from Service-designated units capable of providing high-quality directed visual information during military operations. Also called COMCAM. See also visual information. (JP 3-61) combat cargo officer — A Marine Corps embarkation/mobility officer permanently assigned to amphibious warfare ships or naval staffs as an adviser to, and representative of, the naval commander in matters pertaining to embarkation and debarkation of troops and their supplies and equipment. Also called CCO. See also embarkation officer. (JP 3-02) combat control team — A task-organized team of special operations forces who are certified air traffic controllers that are trained and equipped to deploy into hostile environments to establish and control assault zones and airfields. Also called CCT. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 42 combat engineering — Engineering capabilities and activities that directly support the maneuver of land combat forces that require close and integrated support. (JP 3-34) combat identification — The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called CID. (JP 3-09) combat information — Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user’s tactical intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) combat information center — The agency in a ship or aircraft manned and equipped to collect, display, evaluate, and disseminate tactical information for the use of the embarked flag officer, commanding officer, and certain control agencies. Also called CIC. (JP 3-04) combating terrorism — Actions, including antiterrorism and counterterrorism, taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum. Also called CbT. See also antiterrorism; counterterrorism. (JP 3-26) combat lifesaver — Nonmedical Department of Defense person who has received additional trauma training and equipment, providing enhanced medical treatment beyond self- aid/buddy aid. (JP 4-02) combat loading — The arrangement of personnel and the stowage of equipment and supplies in a manner designed to conform to the anticipated tactical operation of the organization embarked. (JP 3-02) combat organizational loading — A method of loading by which a unit with its equipment and initial supplies is loaded into a single ship, together with other units, in such a manner as to be available for unloading in a predetermined order. (JP 3-02) combat power — The total means of destructive and/or disruptive force that a military unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0) combat search and rescue — The tactics, techniques, and procedures performed by forces to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat. Also called CSAR. See also search and rescue. (JP 3-50) combat service support — The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks necessary to sustain all elements of all operating forces in theater at all levels of war. Also called CSS. See also combat support. (JP 4-0) Terms and Definitions 43 combat service support area — An area ashore that is organized to contain the necessary supplies, equipment, installations, and elements to provide the landing force with combat service support throughout the operation. Also called CSSA. (JP 3-02) combat spread loading — A method of combat loading by which some of the troops, equipment, and initial supplies of a unit are loaded in one ship and the remainder are loaded in one or more others. (JP 3-02) combat support — Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements. Also called CS. See also combat service support. (JP 4-0) combat support agency — A Department of Defense agency so designated by Congress or the Secretary of Defense that supports military combat operations. Also called CSA. (JP 5-0) combat surveillance — A continuous, all-weather, day-and-night, systematic watch over the battle area in order to provide timely information for tactical combat operations. (JP 3-01) combat unit loading — A method of loading by which all or a part of a combat unit, such as an assault battalion landing team, is completely loaded in a single ship, with essential combat equipment and supplies, in such a manner as to be immediately available to support the tactical plan upon debarkation and to provide a maximum of flexibility to meet possible changes in the tactical plan. (JP 3-02) combined — A term identifying two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies operating together. See also joint. (JP 3-16) combined arms team — The full integration and application of two or more arms or elements of one Service into an operation. (JP 3-18) command — 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. 2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action. 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. See also area command; combatant command; combatant command (command authority). (JP 1) command and control — The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. (JP 1) command and control system — The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel essential for a commander to plan, direct, and control operations of assigned and attached forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0) Terms and Definitions 44 command chaplain — The senior chaplain assigned to or designated by a commander of a staff, command, or unit. (JP 3-0) commander, amphibious task force — The Navy officer designated in the initiating directive as the commander of the amphibious task force. Also called CATF. See also amphibious operation; amphibious task force; commander, landing force. (JP 3-02) commander, landing force — The officer designated in the initiating directive as the commander of the landing force for an amphibious operation. Also called CLF. See also amphibious operation; commander, amphibious task force; landing force. (JP 3-02) commander’s communication synchronization — A process to coordinate and synchronize narratives, themes, messages, images, operations, and actions to ensure their integrity and consistency to the lowest tactical level across all relevant communication activities. Also called CCS. (JP 3-61) commander’s critical information requirement — An information requirement identified by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. Also called CCIR. See also information requirements; intelligence; priority intelligence requirement. (JP 3-0) commander’s estimate — The commander’s initial assessment in which options are provided in a concise statement that defines who, what, when, where, why, and how the course of action will be implemented. (JP 5-0) commander’s intent — A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned. See also assessment; end state. (JP 3-0) commander’s required delivery date — The original date relative to C-day, specified by the combatant commander for arrival of forces or cargo at the destination; shown in the time-phased force and deployment data to assess the impact of later arrival. (JP 5-0) command information — Communication by a military organization directed to the internal audience that creates an awareness of the organization’s goals, informs them of significant developments affecting them and the organization, increases their effectiveness as ambassadors of the organization, and keeps them informed about what is going on in the organization. Also called internal information. See also command; public affairs. (JP 3-61) commanding officer of troops — On a ship that has embarked units, a designated officer (usually the senior embarking unit commander) who is responsible for the Terms and Definitions 45 administration, discipline, and training of all embarked units. Also called COT. (JP 3-02) command net — A communications network that connects an echelon of command with some or all of its subordinate echelons for the purpose of command and control. (JP 3-09.3) command relationships — The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well as the operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command; defined further as combatant command (command authority), operational control, tactical control, or support. See also chain of command; combatant command (command authority); command; operational control; support; tactical control. (JP 1) command-sponsored dependent — A dependent entitled to travel to overseas commands at government expense and endorsed by the appropriate military commander to be present in a dependent’s status. (JP 3-68) commercial items — Articles of supply readily available from established commercial distribution sources which the Department of Defense or inventory managers in the Military Services have designated to be obtained directly or indirectly from such sources. (JP 4-06) commercial vehicle — A vehicle that has evolved in the commercial market to meet civilian requirements and which is selected from existing production lines for military use. (JP 4-06) commit — The process of assigning one or more aircraft or surface-to-air missile units to prepare to engage an entity, prior to authorizing such engagement. (JP 3-01) commodity loading —A method of loading in which various types of cargoes are loaded together, such as ammunition, rations, or boxed vehicles, in order that each commodity can be discharged without disturbing the others. See also combat loading. (JP 3-02) commonality — A quality that applies to materiel or systems: a. possessing like and interchangeable characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained, by personnel trained on the others without additional specialized training; b. having interchangeable repair parts and/or components; and c. applying to consumable items interchangeably equivalent without adjustment. (JP 6-0) common item — 1. Any item of materiel that is required for use by more than one activity. 2. A term loosely used to denote any consumable item except repair parts or other technical items. 3. Any item of materiel that is procured for, owned by (Service stock), or used by any Military Department of the Department of Defense and is also required to be furnished to a recipient country under the grant-aid Military Assistance Program. 4. Readily available commercial items. 5. Items used by two or more Military Services of similar manufacture or fabrication that may vary between the Services as to color or Terms and Definitions 46 shape (as vehicles or clothing). 6. Any part or component that is required in the assembly of two or more complete end-items. (JP 4-01.5) common operating environment — Automation services that support the development of the common reusable software modules that enable interoperability across multiple combat support applications. Also called COE. (JP 4-01.2) common operational picture — A single identical display of relevant information shared by more than one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to achieve situational awareness. Also called COP. (JP 3-0) common servicing — Functions performed by one Service in support of another for which reimbursement is not required. (JP 3-34) common tactical picture — An accurate and complete display of relevant tactical data that integrates tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground network, intelligence network, and sensor networks. Also called CTP. (JP 3-01) common use — Services, materiel, or facilities provided by a Department of Defense agency or a Military Department on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies, elements, or other organizations as directed. (JP 4-01.5) common-use container — Any Department of Defense-owned, -leased, or -controlled 20- or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container managed by United States Transportation Command as an element of the Department of Defense common- use container system. See also component-owned container; Service-unique container. (JP 4-09) common-user airlift service — The airlift service provided on a common basis for all Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the United States Government. (JP 3-17) common-user item — An item of an interchangeable nature that is in common use by two or more nations or Services of a nation. (JP 4-0) common-user land transportation — Point-to-point land transportation service operated by a single Service for common use by two or more Services. Also called CULT. (JP 4-01.5) common-user logistics — Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two or more Services, Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to another Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or multinational partner in an operation. Also called CUL. See also common use. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 47 common-user ocean terminal — A military installation, part of a military installation, or a commercial facility operated under contract or arrangement by the Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command that regularly provides for two or more Services terminal functions of receipt, transit storage or staging, processing, and loading and unloading of passengers or cargo aboard ships. (JP 4-01.2) common-user sealift — The sealift services provided by the Military Sealift Command on a common basis for all Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other departments and agencies of the United States Government. See also Military Sealift Command; transportation component command. (JP 4-01.2) common-user transportation — Transportation and transportation services provided on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, non- Department of Defense agencies. See also common use. (JP 4-01.2) communications intelligence — Technical information and intelligence derived from foreign communications by other than the intended recipients. Also called COMINT. (JP 2-0) communications network — An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, but not necessarily on the same channel. Also called COMNET. (JP 6-0) communications security — The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications, or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. (JP 6-0) communications security material — All documents, devices, equipment, apparatus, and cryptomaterial used in establishing or maintaining secure communications. (JP 4-01.6) community engagement — Public affairs activities that support the relationship between military and civilian communities. (JP 3-61) competing observable — Within military deception, any observable that contradicts the deception story, casts doubt on, or diminishes the impact of one or more required or supporting observables. (JP 3-13.4) completeness — The plan review criterion for assessing whether operation plans incorporate major operations and tasks to be accomplished and to what degree they include forces required, deployment concept, employment concept, sustainment concept, time estimates for achieving objectives, description of the end state, mission success criteria, and mission termination criteria. (JP 5-0) complex catastrophe — Any natural or man-made incident, including cyberspace attack, power grid failure, and terrorism, which results in cascading failures of multiple, Terms and Definitions 48 interdependent, critical, life-sustaining infrastructure sectors and caused extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, environment, economy, public health, national morale, response efforts, and/or government functions. (JP 3-28) component — 1. One of the subordinate organizations that constitute a joint force. (JP 1) 2. In logistics, a part or combination of parts having a specific function, which can be installed or replaced only as an entity. See also functional component command; Service component command. (JP 4-0) component-owned container — A 20- or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container procured and owned by a single Department of Defense component. Also called Service-unique container. See also common-use container. (JP 4-09) composite warfare commander — An officer to whom the officer in tactical command of a naval task organization may delegate authority to conduct some or all of the offensive and defensive functions of the force. Also called CWC. (JP 3-32) compromise — The known or suspected exposure of clandestine personnel, installations, or other assets or of classified information or material, to an unauthorized person. (JP 2-01.2) concept of intelligence operations — Within the Department of Defense, a verbal or graphic statement, in broad outline, of an intelligence directorate’s assumptions or intent in regard to intelligence support of an operation or series of operations. See also concept of operations. (JP 2-0) concept of logistic support — A verbal or graphic statement, in a broad outline, of how a commander intends to support and integrate with a concept of operations in an operation or campaign. Also called COLS. (JP 4-0) concept of operations — A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources. Also called CONOPS. (JP 5-0) concept plan — An operation plan in an abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called CONPLAN. See also operation plan. (JP 5-0) condition — 1. Those variables of an operational environment or situation in which a unit, system, or individual is expected to operate and may affect performance. 2. A physical or behavioral state of a system that is required for the achievement of an objective. See also joint mission-essential tasks. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 49 conduits — Within military deception, information or intelligence gateways to the deception target, such as foreign intelligence entities, intelligence collection platforms, open- source intelligence, and foreign and domestic news media. (JP 3-13.4) configuration management — A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: (1) identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item; (2) control changes to those characteristics; and (3) record and report changes to processing and implementation status. (JP 6-0) conflict prevention — A peace operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and, when necessary, military means to monitor and identify the causes of conflict and take timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. (JP 3-07.3) constellation — A system consisting of a number of like satellites acting in concert to perform a specific mission. See also Global Positioning System. (JP 3-14) constraint — In the context of planning, a requirement placed on the command by a higher command that dictates an action, thus restricting freedom of action. See also limitation; restraint. (JP 5-0) consumer — A person or agency that uses information or intelligence produced by either its own staff or other agencies. (JP 2-01) consumption rate — The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a given time interval, expressed in quantities by the most appropriate unit of measurement per applicable stated basis. (JP 4-05) contact mine — A mine detonated by physical contact. See also mine. (JP 3-15) contact point — 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or more units are required to make contact. (JP 3-50) 2. In air operations, the position at which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency. (JP 3-09.3) 3. In personnel recovery, a location where isolated personnel can establish contact with recovery forces. Also called CP. See also control point. (JP 3-50) contact procedure — Predesignated actions taken by isolated personnel and recovery forces that permit link-up between the two parties in hostile territory. See also evader. (JP 3-50) container — An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards Institute/International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation without intermediate handling of the contents. (JP 4-01) Terms and Definitions 50 container control officer — A designated official (E6 or above or civilian equivalent) within a command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and controlled intermodal containers and equipment from time received until dispatched. Also called CCO. (JP 4-09) container-handling equipment — Items of materials-handling equipment required to specifically receive, maneuver, and dispatch International Organization for Standardization containers. Also called CHE. (JP 4-09) container management — Planning, organizing, directing, and executing functions and responsibilities required to provide effective use of Department of Defense and Military Department owned, leased, or controlled International Organization for Standardization containers. (JP 4-09) containership — A ship, usually non-self-sustaining, specially constructed and equipped to carry only containers without associated equipment, in all available cargo spaces, either below or above deck. (JP 4-09) contaminated remains — Remains of personnel which have absorbed or upon which have been deposited radioactive material, or biological or chemical agents. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) contamination — 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material or of biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. Also called fallout radiation. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the growth of bacteria or organisms, or the decomposing material or waste in the food or water. (JP 3-11) contamination avoidance — Individual and/or unit measures taken to reduce the effects of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11) contamination control — A combination of preparatory and responsive measures designed to limit the vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, neutralize them. See also biological agent; chemical agent; contamination. (JP 3-11) contamination mitigation — The planning and actions taken to prepare for, respond to, and recover from contamination associated with all chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards to continue military operations. (JP 3-11) contiguous zone — 1. A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea Terms and Definitions 51 is measured. 2. The zone of the ocean extending 3-12 nautical miles from the United States coastline. (JP 3-32) continental United States — United States territory, including the adjacent territorial waters, located within North America between Canada and Mexico. Also called CONUS. (JP 1) contingency — A situation requiring military operations in response to natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect United States interests. See also contingency contracting. (JP 5-0) contingency basing — The life-cycle process to plan; design; construct; operate; manage; and transition, transfer, or close a non-enduring location supporting a combatant commander’s requirement. (JP 4-04) contingency contract — A legally binding agreement for supplies, services, and construction let by government contracting officers in the operational area as well as other contracts that have a prescribed area of performance within a designated operational area. See also external support contract; systems support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10) contingency contracting — The process of obtaining goods, services, and construction via contracting means in support of contingency operations. See also contingency; contingency contract. (JP 4-10) contingency engineering management organization — An organization formed by the combatant commander, or subordinate commander to augment their staffs with additional Service engineering expertise for planning and construction management. See also combat engineering; contingency; geospatial engineering. (JP 3-34) contingency location — A non-enduring location outside of the United States that supports and sustains operations during contingencies or other operations and is categorized by mission life-cycle requirements as initial, temporary, or semipermanent. (JP 4-04) contingency operation — A military operation that is either designated by the Secretary of Defense as a contingency operation or becomes a contingency operation as a matter of law (Title 10, United States Code, Section 101[a][13]). See also contingency; operation. (JP 1) contingency plan — A branch of a campaign plan that is planned based on hypothetical situations for designated threats, catastrophic events, and contingent missions outside of crisis conditions. See also joint planning. (JP 5-0) Contingency Planning Guidance — Secretary of Defense written guidance, approved by the President, for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which focuses the guidance given in the national security strategy and Defense Planning Guidance, and is the Terms and Definitions 52 principal source document for the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. Also called CPG. (JP 1) contingency ZIP Code — A unique postal code assigned by the Military Postal Service Agency to assist in routing and sorting mail to a contingency post office for the tactical use of the Armed Forces on a temporary basis. (JP 1-0) continuity of operations — The degree or state of being continuous in the conduct of functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission in carrying out the national military strategy. Also called COOP. (JP 3-0) contract administration — A subset of contracting that includes efforts to ensure that supplies, services, and construction are delivered in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract. (JP 4-10) contracting officer — A Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the legal authority to enter into, administer, modify, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10) contracting officer representative — A Service member or Department of Defense civilian or a foreign government civilian or military member appointed in writing and trained by a contracting officer, responsible for monitoring contract performance and performing other duties specified by their appointment letter. Also called COR. (JP 4-10) contractor management — The oversight and integration of contractor personnel and associated equipment providing support to the joint force in a designated operational area. (JP 4-10) contractors authorized to accompany the force — Contingency contractor employees and all tiers of subcontractor employees who are authorized to accompany the force in applicable contingency operations and have afforded such status through the issuance of a letter of authorization. Also called CAAF. (JP 4-10) contract statement of requirement — A document that provides a summary of anticipated contracted supply or service requirements by phase of operation and location. Also called CSOR. (JP 4-10) control — 1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. (JP 1) 2. In mapping, charting, and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the Earth or on a map or a photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or will be determined. (JP 2-03) 3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as directed. (JP 3-0) 4. In intelligence usage, an indicator governing the distribution and use of documents, information, or material. See also administrative control; operational control; tactical control. (JP 2-01) Terms and Definitions 53 control area — A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the Earth. See also control zone. (JP 3-02) control group — Personnel and ships designated to control the surface ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) controlled information — 1. Information conveyed to an adversary in a deception operation to evoke desired appreciations. 2. Information and indicators deliberately conveyed or denied to foreign targets to evoke invalid official estimates that result in foreign official actions advantageous to United States interests and objectives. (JP 2-01.2) controlled substance — A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of the Controlled Substances Act. (JP 3-07.4) controlled technical services — The controlled use of technology to enhance counterintelligence and human intelligence activities. Also called CTS. (JP 2-01.2) control point — 1. A position along a route of march at which men are stationed to give information and instructions for the regulation of supply or traffic. 2. A position marked by coordinates (latitude, longitude), a buoy, boat, aircraft, electronic device, conspicuous terrain feature, or other identifiable object which is given a name or number and used as an aid to navigation or control of ships, boats, or aircraft. 3. In marking mosaics, a point located by ground survey with which a corresponding point on a photograph is matched as a check. (JP 3-09.3) control zone — A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit. See also control area. (JP 3-52) conventional forces — 1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons. 2. Those forces other than designated special operations forces. Also called CF. (JP 3-05) convoy — 1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually escorted by warships and/or aircraft—or a single merchant ship or naval auxiliary under surface escort—assembled and organized for the purpose of passage together. 2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one commander. (JP 3-02) convoy escort — 1. A naval ship(s) or aircraft in company with a convoy and responsible for its protection. 2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, destroyed, or captured. See also escort. (JP 4-01.5) cooperative security location — A facility located outside the United States and its territories with little or no permanent United States presence that is maintained by Terms and Definitions 54 periodic Service, contractor, or host nation support. Also called CSL. See also forward operating site; main operating base. (JP 4-04) coordinated fire line — A line beyond which conventional surface-to-surface direct fire and indirect fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination. Also called CFL. See also fire support. (JP 3-09) coordinating agency — An agency that supports the incident management mission by providing the leadership, staff, expertise, and authorities to implement critical and specific aspects of the response. (JP 3-28) coordinating altitude — An airspace coordinating measure that uses altitude to separate users and as the transition between different airspace control elements. Also called CA. (JP 3-52) coordinating authority — A commander or individual who has the authority to require consultation between the specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more Services, joint force components, or forces of the same Service or agencies, but does not have the authority to compel agreement. (JP 1) coordinating review authority — An agency appointed by a Service or combatant command to coordinate with and assist the lead agent, primary review authority, Joint Staff doctrine sponsor, and assessment agent in joint doctrine development and maintenance. Also called CRA. See also joint doctrine; joint publication; lead agent; primary review authority. (CJCSM 5120.01) coordination level — A procedural method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft normally will not fly. Also called CL. (JP 3-52) cost-type contract — A contract that provides for payment to the contractor of allowable cost, to the extent prescribed in the contract, incurred in performance of the contract. (JP 4-10) counterair — A mission at the theater level that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the air and protection by neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. See also air superiority; mission; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01) counterdeception — Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage from a foreign deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) counterdrug — Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and counter the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. Also called CD. (JP 3-07.4) Terms and Definitions 55 counterdrug activities — Those measures taken to detect, interdict, disrupt, or curtail any activity that is reasonably related to illicit drug trafficking. (JP 3-07.4) counterdrug operational support — Support to host nations and drug law enforcement agencies involving military personnel and their associated equipment, provided by the geographic combatant commanders from forces assigned to them or made available to them by the Services for this purpose. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) counterdrug operations — Civil or military actions taken to reduce or eliminate illicit drug trafficking. See also counterdrug; counterdrug operational support. (JP 3-07.4) counterespionage — That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through identification, penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations conducting or suspected of conducting espionage activities. (JP 2-01.2) counterfire — Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. (JP 3-09) counterguerrilla operations — Activities conducted by security forces against the armed paramilitary wing of an insurgency. (JP 3-24) countering threat networks — The aggregation of activities across the Department of Defense and United States Government departments and agencies that identifies and neutralizes, degrades, disrupts, or defeats designated threat networks. Also called CTN. (JP 3-25) countering weapons of mass destruction — Efforts against actors of concern to curtail the conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. Also called CWMD. (JP 3-40) counterinsurgency — Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes. Also called COIN. (JP 3-24) counterintelligence — Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. See also counterespionage; security. (JP 2-01.2) counterintelligence activities — One or more of the five functions of counterintelligence: operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and functional services. See also analysis and production; collection; counterintelligence; operation. (JP 2-01.2) Terms and Definitions 56 counterintelligence investigations — Formal investigative activities undertaken to determine whether a particular person is acting for or on behalf of, or an event is related to, a foreign power engaged in spying or committing espionage, sabotage, treason, sedition, subversion, assassinations, or international terrorist activities, and to determine actions required to neutralize such acts. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) counterintelligence operational tasking authority — The levying of counterintelligence requirements specific to military activities and operations. Also called CIOTA. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) counterintelligence operations — Proactive activities designed to identify, exploit, neutralize, or deter foreign intelligence collection and terrorist activities directed against the United States. See also counterintelligence; operation. (JP 2-01.2) counterintelligence production — The creation of finished intelligence products incorporating counterintelligence analysis in response to known or anticipated customer counterintelligence concerns. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) counterintelligence support — Conducting counterintelligence activities to protect against espionage and other foreign intelligence activities, sabotage, international terrorist activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) countermeasures — That form of military science that, by the employment of devices and/or techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) countermobility operations — The construction of obstacles and emplacement of minefields to delay, disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. See also minefield; operation; target acquisition. (JP 3-34) counterproliferation — Those actions taken to reduce the risks posed by extant weapons of mass destruction to the United States, allies, and partners. Also called CP. See also nonproliferation. (JP 3-40) countersurveillance — All measures, active or passive, taken to counteract hostile surveillance. See also surveillance. (JP 3-07.2) counterterrorism — Activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their organizations and networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals. Also called CT. See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-26) counter threat finance — Activities conducted to deny, disrupt, destroy, or defeat the generation, storage, movement, and use of assets to fund activities that support an Terms and Definitions 57 adversary’s ability to negatively affect United States interests. Also called CTF. (JP 3-05) country team — The senior, in-country, United States coordinating and supervising body, headed by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented United States department or agency, as desired by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission. Also called CT. (JP 3-07.4) courier — A messenger (usually a commissioned or warrant officer) responsible for the secure physical transmission and delivery of documents and material. (JP 2-01) course of action — 1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow. 2. A scheme developed to accomplish a mission. Also called COA. (JP 5-0) cover — In intelligence usage, the concealment of true identity or organizational affiliation with assertion of false information as part of, or in support of, official duties to carry out authorized activities and lawful operations. (JP 2-01.2) covert operation — An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor. See also clandestine operation; overt operation. (JP 3-05) crisis — An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its citizens, military forces, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, or military importance that commitment of military forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives. (JP 3-0) crisis management — Measures, normally executed under federal law, to identify, acquire, and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolve a threat or an act of terrorism. (JP 3-28) critical asset — A specific entity that is of such extraordinary importance that its incapacitation or destruction would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability of a nation to continue to function effectively. (JP 3-07.2) critical asset list — A prioritized list of assets or areas, normally identified by phase of the operation and approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against air and missile threats. Also called CAL. (JP 3-01) critical capability — A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to function as such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed objective(s). (JP 5-0) critical information — Specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee failure or unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment. (JP 2-0) Terms and Definitions 58 critical infrastructure and key resources — The infrastructure and assets vital to a nation’s security, governance, public health and safety, economy, and public confidence. Also called CI/KR. (JP 3-27) critical infrastructure protection — Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate the man-made or natural risks to critical infrastructure and key assets. Also called CIP. See also defense critical infrastructure. (JP 3-28) critical intelligence — Intelligence that is crucial and requires the immediate attention of the commander. (JP 2-0) critical item list — A prioritized list identifying supply items and weapon systems that assist Service and Defense Logistics Agency selection of supply items and systems for production surge planning, or in operational situations, used by the combatant commander and/or subordinate joint force commander to cross-level critical supply items between Service components. Also called CIL. (JP 4-05) criticality assessment — An assessment that identifies key assets and infrastructure that support Department of Defense missions, units, or activities and are deemed mission critical by military commanders or civilian agency managers. Also called CA. (JP 3-07.2) critical joint duty assignment billet — A joint duty assignment position for which, considering the duties and responsibilities of the position, it is highly important that the assigned officer be particularly trained in, and oriented toward, joint matters. (JP 1-0) critical requirement — An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability to be fully operational. (JP 5-0) critical target element — A feature or part of a target that enables it to perform its primary function and, if effectively engaged, should create a significant effect on that target. Also called CTE. (JP 3-60) critical vulnerability — An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable to direct or indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 5-0) cross-leveling —At the theater strategic and operational levels, it is the process of diverting en route or in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority of another within the combatant commander’s directive authority for logistics. (JP 4-0) cross-loading — The distribution of leaders, key weapons, personnel, and key equipment among the aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of a formation to aid rapid assembly of units at the drop zone or landing zone or preclude the total loss of command and control or unit effectiveness if an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle is lost. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 59 cross-servicing — A subset of common-user logistics in which a function is performed by one Service in support of another Service and for which reimbursement is required from the Service receiving support. See also acquisition and cross-servicing agreement; common-user logistics. (JP 4-08) cruise missile — A guided and powered missile that flies at constant speed for the majority of its route and relies upon aerodynamic forces for lift. Also called CM. (JP 3-01) culminating point — The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its form of operations, offense or defense. (JP 5-0) current force — The actual force structure and/or manning available to meet present contingencies. See also force. (JP 5-0) custody — 1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of, access to, and maintenance of accountability for weapons and components. 2. Temporary restraint of a person. 3. The detention of a person by lawful authority or process. (JP 3-63) customer direct — A materiel acquisition and distribution method that requires vendor delivery directly to the customer. Also called CD. (JP 4-09) customer wait time — The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and satisfaction of that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09) cyberspace — A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. (JP 3-12) cyberspace attack — Actions taken in cyberspace that create noticeable denial effects (i.e., degradation, disruption, or destruction) in cyberspace or manipulation that leads to denial that appears in a physical domain, and is considered a form of fires. (JP 3-12) cyberspace capability — A device or computer program, including any combination of software, firmware, or hardware, designed to create an effect in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-12) cyberspace defense — Actions taken within protected cyberspace to defeat specific threats that have breached or are threatening to breach cyberspace security measures and include actions to detect, characterize, counter, and mitigate threats, including malware or the unauthorized activities of users, and to restore the system to a secure configuration. (JP 3-12) cyberspace exploitation — Actions taken in cyberspace to gain intelligence, maneuver, collect information, or perform other enabling actions required to prepare for future military operations. (JP 3-12) Terms and Definitions 60 cyberspace operations — The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. Also called CO. (JP 3-0) cyberspace security — Actions taken within protected cyberspace to prevent unauthorized access to, exploitation of, or damage to computers, electronic communications systems, and other information technology, including platform information technology, as well as the information contained therein, to ensure its availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. (JP 3-12) cyberspace superiority — The degree of dominance in cyberspace by one force that permits the secure, reliable conduct of operations by that force and its related land, air, maritime, and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference. (JP 3-12) 61 D damage assessment — 1. The determination of the effect of engagements on targets. 2. A determination of the effect of a compromise of classified information on national security. (JP 3-60) damage criteria — The critical levels of various weapons effects required to create specified levels of damage. (JP 3-60) danger close — In close air support, artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support fires, the term included in the method of engagement segment of a call for fire that indicates that friendly forces are within close proximity of the target. See also final protective fire. (JP 3-09.3) dangerous cargo — Cargo that is subject to special regulations for its transport because of its dangerous properties. (JP 4-01.5) data element — 1. A basic unit of information built on standard structures having a unique meaning and distinct units or values. 2. In electronic recordkeeping, a combination of characters or bytes referring to one separate item of information, such as name, address, or age. (JP 1-0) datum (geodetic) — 1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the latitude and longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of the reference ellipsoid. 2. The mathematical model of the Earth used to calculate the coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates on their maps. (JP 2-03) D-day — The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence. (JP 3-02) de-arming — An operation in which a weapon is changed from a state of readiness for initiation to a safe condition. Also called safing. (JP 3-04) debarkation — The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a ship or aircraft. (JP 3-02) debarkation schedule — A schedule that provides for the timely and orderly debarkation of troops and equipment and emergency supplies for the waterborne ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) decedent effects — Personal effects found on human remains. Also called DE. (JP 4-06) decentralized control — In air defense, the normal mode whereby a higher echelon monitors unit actions, making direct target assignments to units only when necessary to Terms and Definitions 62 ensure proper fire distribution or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft. See also centralized control. (JP 3-01) decentralized execution — Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders. (JP 3-30) deception action — A collection of related deception events that form a major component of a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) deception concept — The deception course of action forwarded to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for review as part of the combatant commander’s strategic concept. (JP 3-13.4) deception event — A deception means executed at a specific time and location in support of a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) deception goal — Commander’s statement of the purpose of military deception as it contributes to the successful accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 3-13.4) deception means — Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to convey information to the deception target. (JP 3-13.4) deception objective — The desired result of a deception operation expressed in terms of what the adversary is to do or not to do at the critical time and/or location. (JP 3-13.4) deception story — A scenario that outlines the friendly actions that will be portrayed to cause the deception target to adopt the desired perception. (JP 3-13.4) deception target — The adversary decision maker with the authority to make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) decision — In an estimate of the situation, a clear and concise statement of the line of action intended to be followed by the commander as the one most favorable to the successful accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 5-0) decision point — A point in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific course of action. See also course of action; decision support template; target area of interest. (JP 5-0) decision support template — A combined intelligence and operations graphic based on the results of wargaming that depicts decision points, timelines associated with movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of information required to execute a specific friendly course of action. Also called DST. See also course of action; decision point. (JP 2-01.3) Terms and Definitions 63 decisive point — A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy or contribute materially to achieving success. See also center of gravity. (JP 5-0) deck status light — A three-colored light (red, amber, green) controlled from the primary flight control. Navy — The light displays the status of the ship to support flight operations. United States Coast Guard — The light displays clearance for a helicopter to conduct a given evolution. (JP 3-04) decompression — In personnel recovery, the process of normalizing psychological and behavioral reactions that recovered isolated personnel experienced or are currently experiencing as a result of their isolation and recovery. (JP 3-50) decontamination — The process of making any person, object, or area safe by destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or absorbing and removing chemical or biological agents or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11) decoy — An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or phenomenon that is intended to deceive enemy surveillance devices or mislead enemy evaluation. Also called dummy. (JP 3-13.4) defended asset list — A listing of those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the joint force commander to be defended with the resources available. Also called DAL. (JP 3-01) defense coordinating element — Staff and military liaison officers who assist the defense coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCE. (JP 3-28) defense coordinating officer — Department of Defense single point of contact for domestic emergencies who is assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for military support; forward mission assignments through proper channels to the appropriate military organizations; and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated emergency support functions. Also called DCO. (JP 3-28) defense critical infrastructure — Department of Defense and non-Department of Defense networked assets and facilities essential to project, support, and sustain military forces and operations worldwide. Also called DCI. (JP 3-27) defense human intelligence executor — The senior Department of Defense intelligence official as designated by the head of each of the Department of Defense components who are authorized to conduct human intelligence and related intelligence activities. Also called DHE. (JP 2-01.2) defense industrial base — The Department of Defense, government, and private sector worldwide industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development Terms and Definitions 64 and design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems, components, or parts to meet military requirements. Also called DIB. (JP 3-27) Defense Information Systems Network — The integrated network, centrally managed and configured by the Defense Information Systems Agency to provide dedicated point-to-point, switched voice and data, imagery, and video teleconferencing services for all Department of Defense activities. Also called DISN. (JP 6-0) defense institution building — Security cooperation conducted to establish or reform the capacity and capabilities of a partner nation’s defense institutions at the ministerial/department, military staff, and service headquarters levels. Also called DIB. (JP 3-20) Defense Strategic Guidance — A document approved by the Secretary of Defense for applying the Armed Forces of the United States in coordination with Department of Defense agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security strategy objectives. Also called DSG. (JP 1) Defense Switched Network — The component of the Defense Communications System that handles Department of Defense voice, data, and video communications. Also called DSN. (JP 6-0) Defense Transportation System — That portion of the worldwide transportation infrastructure that supports Department of Defense transportation needs. Also called DTS. See also common-user transportation; transportation system. (JP 4-01) defensive counterair — All defensive measures designed to neutralize or destroy enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. Also called DCA. See also counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01) defensive cyberspace operations — Missions to preserve the ability to utilize blue cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, cyberspace-enabled devices, and other designated systems by defeating on-going or imminent malicious cyberspace activity. Also called DCO. (JP 3-12) defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures — Operations in which authorized defense actions occur within the defended portion of cyberspace. Also called DCO-IDM. (JP 3-12) defensive cyberspace operations-response actions — Operations that are part of a defensive cyberspace operations mission that are taken external to the defended network or portion of cyberspace without the permission of the owner of the affected system. Also called DCO-RA. (JP 3-12) defensive minefield — 1. In naval mine warfare, a minefield laid in international waters or international straits with the declared intention of controlling shipping in defense of sea Terms and Definitions 65 communications. 2. In land mine warfare, a minefield laid in accordance with an established plan to prevent a penetration between positions and to strengthen the defense of the positions themselves. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) defensive space control — Active and passive measures taken to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards. Also called DSC. (JP 3-14) defilade — 1. Protection from hostile observation and fire provided by an obstacle such as a hill, ridge, or bank. 2. A vertical distance by which a position is concealed from enemy observation. 3. To shield from enemy fire or observation by using natural or artificial obstacles. (JP 3-09) definitive care — Care rendered to conclusively manage a patient’s condition, such as full range of preventive, curative acute, convalescent, restorative, and rehabilitative medical care. (JP 4-02) degaussing — The process whereby a ship’s magnetic field is reduced by the use of electromagnetic coils, permanent magnets, or other means. (JP 3-15) delayed entry program — A program under which an individual may enlist in a Reserve Component of a Service and specify a future reporting date for entry on active duty that would coincide with availability of training spaces and with personal plans. Also called DEP. See also active duty. (JP 4-05) delaying operation — An operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged. (JP 3-04) delegation of authority — The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her authority, commensurate with the assigned task, to a subordinate commander. (JP 1) demobilization — 1. The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment and defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic vitality. 2. The process necessary to release from active duty, or federal service, units and Reserve Component members who were ordered to active duty or called to federal service. See also mobilization. (JP 4-05) demonstration — In military deception, a show of force similar to a feint without actual contact with the adversary, in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary. (JP 3-13.4) denial measure — An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of territory, personnel, or facilities to include destruction, removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions. (JP 3-15) Terms and Definitions 66 denied area — An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities. (JP 3-05) Department of Defense civilian — A Federal civilian employee of the Department of Defense directly hired and paid from appropriated or nonappropriated funds, under permanent or temporary appointment. (JP 1-0) Department of Defense components — The Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the combatant commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Department of Defense agencies, Department of Defense field activities, and all other organizational entities in the Department of Defense. (JP 1) Department of Defense construction agent — United States Army Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or other such approved Department of Defense activity, that is assigned design or execution responsibilities associated with military construction programs, facilities support, or civil engineering support to the combatant commanders in contingency operations. See also contingency operation. (JP 3-34) Department of Defense container system — All Department of Defense owned, leased, and controlled 20- or 40-foot intermodal International Organization for Standardization containers and flatracks, supporting equipment such as generator sets and chassis, container handling equipment, information systems, the 463L system, and other infrastructure that supports Department of Defense transportation and logistic operations, including commercially provided transportation services. See also container-handling equipment. (JP 4-09) Department of Defense information network — The set of information capabilities, and associated processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on-demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel, whether interconnected or stand-alone, including owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software (including applications), data, security services, other associated services, and national security systems. Also called DODIN. (JP 6-0) Department of Defense information network operations — Operations to secure, configure, operate, extend, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense cyberspace to create and preserve the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the Department of Defense information network. Also called DODIN operations. (JP 3-12) Department of Defense Intelligence Information System — The combination of Department of Defense personnel, procedures, equipment, computer programs, and supporting communications that support the timely and comprehensive preparation and presentation of intelligence and information to military commanders and national-level decision makers. Also called DODIIS. (JP 2-0) Terms and Definitions 67 Department of Defense support to counterdrug operations — Support provided by the Department of Defense to law enforcement agencies to detect, monitor, and counter the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) Department of the Air Force — The executive part of the Department of the Air Force at the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Component, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Air Force. Also called DAF. See also Military Department. (JP 1) Department of the Army — The executive part of the Department of the Army at the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Component, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Army. Also called DA. See also Military Department. (JP 1) Department of the Navy — The executive part of the Department of the Navy at the seat of government; the headquarters, United States Marine Corps; the entire operating forces of the United States Navy and of the United States Marine Corps, including the Reserve Component of such forces; all field activities, headquarters, forces, bases, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Navy; and the United States Coast Guard when operating as a part of the Navy pursuant to law. Also called DON. See also Military Department. (JP 1) departure airfield — An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight. See also airfield. (JP 3-17) departure point — A navigational check point used by aircraft as a marker for setting course. (JP 3-17) dependents — An employee’s spouse; children who are unmarried and under age 21 years or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of self-support; dependent parents, including step and legally adoptive parents of the employee’s spouse; and dependent brothers and sisters, including step and legally adoptive brothers and sisters of the employee’s spouse who are unmarried and under 21 years of age or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of self-support. (JP 3-68) deployment — The movement of forces into and out of an operational area. See also deployment order; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order. (JP 3-35) deployment health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, analysis, archiving, interpretation, and distribution of health-related data used for monitoring the health of a population or of individuals, and for intervening in a timely manner to prevent, treat, or control the occurrence of disease or injury, which includes occupational and environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 68 deployment order — 1. A directive for the deployments of forces for operations or exercises. 2. A directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that authorizes the transfer of forces between combatant commanders, Services, and Department of Defense agencies and specifies the authorities the gaining combatant commander will exercise over the specific forces to be transferred. Also called DEPORD. See also deployment; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order. (JP 5-0) deployment planning — Operational planning directed toward the movement of forces and sustainment resources from their original locations to a specific operational area for conducting the operations contemplated in a given plan. See also deployment; deployment order; prepare to deploy order. (JP 5-0) depot — 1. supply — An activity for the receipt, classification, storage, accounting, issue, maintenance, procurement, manufacture, assembly, research, salvage, or disposal of material. 2. personnel — An activity for the reception, processing, training, assignment, and forwarding of personnel replacements. (JP 4-0) design basis threat — The threat against which buildings and other structures must be protected and upon which the protective system’s design is based. Also called DBT. (JP 3-07.2) desired mean point of impact — A point designated as the center for impact of multiple weapons or area munitions to create a desired effect on a mobile, transportable, or area target and normally defined by grid reference or geolocation. Also called DMPI. (JP 3-60) desired perception — In military deception, what the deception target must believe for it to make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) desired point of impact — A precise point associated with a target and assigned as the impact point for a single unitary weapon to create a desired effect. Also called DPI. See also aimpoint. (JP 3-60) detainee — Any person captured, detained, or otherwise under the control of Department of Defense personnel. (JP 3-63) detainee collection point — A facility or other location where detainees are assembled for subsequent movement to a detainee holding area. Also called DCP. (JP 3-63) detainee debriefing — The process of using direct questions to elicit intelligence information from a cooperative detainee to satisfy intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01.2) Terms and Definitions 69 detainee holding area — A facility or other location where detainees are administratively processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a theater detention facility. Also called DHA. (JP 3-63) detainee operations — A broad term that encompasses the capture, initial detention and screening, transportation, treatment and protection, housing, transfer, and release of the wide range of persons who could be categorized as detainees. (JP 3-63) detection — 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in the process of ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement. 4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. See also hazard. (JP 3-11) deterrence — The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the perceived benefits. (JP 3-0) direct action — Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments and which employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage designated targets. Also called DA. See also special operations; special operations forces. (JP 3-05) direct air support center — The principal air control agency of the United States Marine Corps air command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called DASC. See also Marine air command and control system; tactical air operations center. (JP 3-09.3) direct air support center (airborne) — An airborne aircraft equipped with the necessary staff personnel, communications, and operations facilities to function as a direct air support center. Also called DASC(A). See also direct air support center. (JP 3-09.3) directed energy — An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE. See also directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon. (JP 3-13.1) directed-energy device — A system using directed energy primarily for a purpose other than as a weapon. See also directed energy; directed-energy weapon. (JP 3-13.1) directed-energy warfare — Military action involving the use of directed-energy weapons, devices, and countermeasures. Also called DEW. See also directed energy; directed- Terms and Definitions 70 energy device; directed-energy weapon; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) directed-energy weapon — A weapon or system that uses directed energy to incapacitate, damage, or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and/or personnel. See also directed energy; directed-energy device. (JP 3-13.1) direct fire — Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the weapon or the director. (JP 3-09.3) direction finding — A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment. Also called DF. (JP 3-13.1) directive authority for cyberspace operations — The authority to issue orders and directives to all Department of Defense components to execute global Department of Defense information network operations and defensive cyberspace operations internal defensive measures. Also called DACO. (JP 3-12) directive authority for logistics — Combatant commander authority to issue directives to subordinate commanders to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans, optimize the use or reallocation of available resources, and prevent or eliminate redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component commands. Also called DAFL. See also combatant command (command authority); logistics. (JP 1) direct liaison authorized — That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. Also called DIRLAUTH. (JP 1) director of mobility forces — The designated agent for all air mobility issues in the area of responsibility or joint operations area, exercising coordinating authority between the air operations center (or appropriate theater command and control node), the 618 Air Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control Center), and the joint deployment and distribution operation center or joint movement center, in order to expedite the resolution of air mobility issues. Also called DIRMOBFOR. See also air operations center; coordinating authority. (JP 3-17) direct support — A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance. Also called DS. See also close support; general support; mission; mutual support; support. (JP 3-09.3) disaster assistance response team — A team deployed by the United States Agency for International Development, if a large-scale, urgent, and/or extended response is necessary, to provide specialists to assist the chief of mission and the United States Terms and Definitions 71 Agency for International Development mission (where present) with the management of the United States Government response to a disaster. Also called DART. See also foreign disaster; foreign disaster relief. (JP 3-08) disease and nonbattle injury — All illnesses and injuries not resulting from hostile action or terrorist activity or caused by conflict. Also called DNBI. (JP 4-02) dislocated civilian — A broad term primarily used by the Department of Defense that includes a displaced person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a refugee, or a stateless person. Also called DC. See also displaced person; evacuee; internally displaced person; migrant; refugee; stateless person. (JP 3-29) dispersal — Relocation of forces for the purpose of increasing survivability. (JP 3-01) dispersion — 1. The spreading or separating of troops, materiel, establishments, or activities, which are usually concentrated in limited areas to reduce vulnerability. (JP 5-0) 2. In chemical and biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol form. (JP 3-41) 3. In airdrop operations, the scatter of personnel and/or cargo on the drop zone. (JP 3-17) 4. In naval control of shipping, the reberthing of a ship in the periphery of the port area or in the vicinity of the port for its own protection in order to minimize the risk of damage from attack. (JP 4-01.2) displaced person — A broad term used to refer to internally and externally displaced persons collectively. See also evacuee; refugee. (JP 3-29) display — In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment intended to deceive the adversary’s visual observation. (JP 3-13.4) dissemination — In intelligence usage, the delivery of intelligence to users in a suitable form. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) distant retirement area — In amphibious operations, the sea area located to seaward of the landing area to which assault ships may retire and operate in the event of adverse weather or to prevent concentration of ships in the landing area. See also amphibious operation; landing area. (JP 3-02) distressed person — An individual who requires search and rescue assistance to remove he or she from life-threatening or isolating circumstances in a permissive environment. (JP 3-50) distribution — 1. The arrangement of troops for any purpose, such as a battle, march, or maneuver. 2. A planned pattern of projectiles about a point. 3. A planned spread of fire to cover a desired frontage or depth. 4. An official delivery of anything, such as orders or supplies. 5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistic system to deliver the “right things” to the “right place” at the “right time” to support the Terms and Definitions 72 geographic combatant commander. 6. The process of assigning military personnel to activities, units, or billets. (JP 4-0) distribution manager — The executive agent for managing distribution with the combatant commander’s area of responsibility. See also area of responsibility; distribution. (JP 4-09) distribution pipeline — Continuum or channel through which the Department of Defense conducts distribution operations, representing the end-to-end flow of resources from supplier to consumer and, in some cases, back to the supplier in retrograde activities. See also distribution. (JP 4-09) distribution plan — A reporting system comprising reports, updates, and information systems feeds that articulate the requirements of the theater distribution system to the strategic and operational resources assigned responsibility for support to the theater. See also distribution; distribution system; theater distribution; theater distribution system. (JP 4-09) distribution point — A point at which supplies and/or ammunition, obtained from supporting supply points by a division or other unit, are broken down for distribution to subordinate units. (JP 4-09) distribution system — That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using activities and units. (JP 4-09) diversion — 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention. 2. A change made in a prescribed route for operational or tactical reasons that does not constitute a change of destination. 3. A rerouting of cargo or passengers to a new transshipment point or destination or on a different mode of transportation prior to arrival at ultimate destination. 4. In naval mine warfare, a route or channel bypassing a dangerous area by connecting one channel to another or it may branch from a channel and rejoin it on the other side of the danger. See also demonstration. (JP 3-03) domestic emergencies — Civil defense emergencies, civil disturbances, major disasters, or natural disasters affecting the public welfare and occurring within the United States and its territories. See also natural disaster. (JP 3-27) domestic intelligence — Intelligence relating to activities or conditions within the United States that threaten internal security and that might require the employment of troops; and intelligence relating to activities of individuals or agencies potentially or actually dangerous to the security of the Department of Defense. (JP 3-08) Terms and Definitions 73 dominant user — The Service or multinational partner who is the principal consumer of a particular common-user logistic supply or service within a joint or multinational operation and will normally act as the lead Service to provide this particular common- user logistic supply or service to other Service components, multinational partners, other governmental agencies, or nongovernmental agencies as directed by the combatant commander. See also common-user logistics; lead Service or agency for common- user logistics. (JP 4-0) double agent — Agent in contact with two opposing intelligence services, only one of which is aware of the double contact or quasi-intelligence services. Also called DA. (JP 2-01.2) double container — A 9.8125 feet by 8 feet by 8 feet (2991 millimeters by 2438 millimeters by 2438 millimeters) reusable International Standards Organization compliant double container, with double doors at both ends, used for the storage, transportation, and distribution of dry cargo. Also called BICON. (JP 4-09) downloading — An operation that removes airborne weapons or stores from an aircraft. (JP 3-04) drop altitude — The altitude above mean sea level at which airdrop is executed. (JP 3-17) drop zone — A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also called DZ. (JP 3-17) drug interdiction — A continuum of events focused on interrupting illegal drugs smuggled by air, sea, or land. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) dual-role tanker — An aircraft that can carry support personnel, supplies, and equipment for the deploying force while escorting and/or refueling combat aircraft to the area of responsibility. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) dwell time — The length of time a target is expected to remain in one location. (JP 3-60) dynamic targeting — Targeting that prosecutes targets identified too late or not selected for action in time to be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60) dynamic threat assessment — An intelligence assessment developed by the Defense Intelligence Agency that details the threat, capabilities, and intentions of adversaries in each of the priority plans in the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. Also called DTA. (JP 2-0) Terms and Definitions 74 Intentionally Blank 75 E earliest arrival date — A day, relative to C-day, that is specified as the earliest date when a unit, resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of debarkation during a deployment. Also called EAD. See also latest arrival date. (JP 3-35) early warning — Early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or weapons carriers. Also called EW. (JP 3-01) economy of force — The judicious employment and distribution of forces so as to expend the minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts to allocate the maximum possible combat power on primary efforts. (JP 3-0) E-day — The day landing force personnel, supplies, and equipment begin to embark aboard amphibious warfare or commercial ships. (JP 3-02) effect — 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of actions, or another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0) effective United States-controlled ships — United States-owned foreign flag ships that can be tasked by the Maritime Administration to support Department of Defense requirements when necessary. Also called EUSCS. (JP 4-01.2) electro-explosive device — An explosive or pyrotechnic component that initiates an explosive, burning, electrical, or mechanical train and is activated by the application of electrical energy. Also called EED. (JP 3-04) electromagnetic battle management — The dynamic monitoring, assessing, planning, and directing of joint electromagnetic spectrum operations in support of the commander’s scheme of maneuver. Also called EMBM. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic compatibility — The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use the electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response. Also called EMC. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic environment — The resulting product of the power and time distribution, in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission levels encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned mission in its intended operational environment. Also called EME. (JP 3-13.1) Terms and Definitions 76 electromagnetic environmental effects — The impact of the electromagnetic environment upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. Also called E3. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic hardening — Action taken to protect personnel, facilities, and/or equipment by blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against undesirable effects of electromagnetic energy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic interference — Any electromagnetic disturbance, induced intentionally or unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics and electrical equipment. Also called EMI. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic intrusion — The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into transmission paths in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing confusion. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic jamming — The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy’s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy’s combat capability. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic operational environment — The background electromagnetic environment and the friendly, neutral, and adversarial electromagnetic order of battle within the electromagnetic area of influence associated with a given operational area. Also called EMOE. (JP 6-01) electromagnetic pulse — The electromagnetic radiation from a strong electronic pulse, most commonly caused by a nuclear explosion that may couple with electrical or electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP. See also electromagnetic radiation. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic radiation — Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and propagated with the speed of light. (JP 6-01) electromagnetic radiation hazards —Transmitter or antenna installation that generates or increases electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling operations in excess of established safe levels. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic spectrum — The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) Terms and Definitions 77 electromagnetic spectrum control — The coordinated execution of joint electromagnetic spectrum operations with other lethal and nonlethal operations that enable freedom of action in the electromagnetic operational environment. Also called EMSC. (JP 3-13.1) electromagnetic spectrum management — Planning, coordinating, and managing use of the electromagnetic spectrum through operational, engineering, and administrative procedures. See also electromagnetic spectrum. (JP 6-01) electromagnetic vulnerability — The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of having been subjected to a certain level of electromagnetic environmental effects. Also called EMV. (JP 3-13.1) electronic attack — Division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires. Also called EA. See also electronic protection; electronic warfare; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1) electronic intelligence — Technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear detonations or radioactive sources. Also called ELINT. See also electronic warfare; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence; signals intelligence. (JP 3-13.1) electronic masking —The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on friendly frequencies in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and electronic systems against enemy electronic warfare support measures/signals intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. (JP 3-13.1) electronic probing — Intentional radiation designed to be introduced into the devices or systems of potential enemies for the purpose of learning the functions and operational capabilities of the devices or systems. (JP 3-13.1) electronic protection — Division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. Also called EP. See also electronic attack, electronic warfare; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1) electronic reconnaissance — The detection, location, identification, and evaluation of foreign electromagnetic radiations. See also electromagnetic radiation; reconnaissance. (JP 3-13.1) Terms and Definitions 78 electronics security — The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from their interception and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiations, e.g., radar. (JP 3-13.1) electronic warfare — Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. Also called EW. See also directed energy; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic attack; electronic protection; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1) electronic warfare frequency deconfliction — Actions taken to integrate those frequencies used by electronic warfare systems into the overall frequency deconfliction process. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electronic warfare reprogramming — The deliberate alteration or modification of electronic warfare or target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that employ them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic environment. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electronic warfare support — Division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations. Also called ES. See also electronic attack; electronic protection; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) electro-optical-infrared countermeasure — A device or technique employing electro- optical-infrared materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called EO-IR CM. (JP 3-13.1) element — An organization formed around a specific function within a designated directorate of a headquarters. (JP 3-33) elevated causeway system — An elevated causeway pier that provides a means of delivering containers, certain vehicles, and bulk cargo ashore without the lighterage contending with the surf zone. Also called ELCAS. See also causeway. (JP 4-01.6) elicitation — In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information from a person or group in a manner that does not disclose the intent of the interview or conversation. (JP 2-0) embarkation — The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores and equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 3-02) embarkation and tonnage table — A consolidated table showing personnel and cargo, by troop or naval units, loaded aboard a combat-loaded ship. (JP 3-02.1) Terms and Definitions 79 embarkation area — An area ashore, including a group of embarkation points, in which final preparations for embarkation are completed and through which assigned personnel and loads for craft and ships are called forward to embark. See also mounting area. (JP 3-02) embarkation element — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one transport element. (JP 3-02) embarkation group — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one transport element group. (JP 3-02) embarkation officer — An officer on the staff of units of the landing force who advises the commander thereof on matters pertaining to embarkation planning and loading ships. See also combat cargo officer. (JP 3-02) embarkation order — An order specifying dates, times, routes, loading diagrams, and methods of movement to shipside or aircraft for troops and their equipment. (JP 3-02) embarkation organization — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked aboard ships. See also embarkation team. (JP 3-02) embarkation phase — In amphibious operations, the phase that encompasses the orderly assembly of personnel and materiel and their subsequent loading aboard ships and/or aircraft in a sequence designed to meet the requirements of the landing force concept of operations ashore. (JP 3-02) embarkation plans — The plans prepared by the landing force and appropriate subordinate commanders containing instructions and information concerning the organization for embarkation, assignment to shipping, supplies and equipment to be embarked, location and assignment of embarkation areas, control and communication arrangements, movement schedules and embarkation sequence, and additional pertinent instructions relating to the embarkation of the landing force. (JP 3-02) embarkation team — A temporary administrative formation of all personnel with supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard one ship. See also embarkation organization. (JP 3-02) embarkation unit — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one transport unit, which is dissolved upon completion of the embarkation. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 80 emergency action committee — An organization established at a foreign service post by the chief of mission or principal officer for the purpose of directing and coordinating the post’s response to contingencies. Also called EAC. (JP 3-68) emergency-essential employee — A Department of Defense civilian whose assigned duties and responsibilities must be accomplished following the evacuation of non-essential personnel (including dependents) during a declared emergency or outbreak of war. See also evacuation. (JP 1-0) emergency locator beacon — A generic term for all radio beacons used for emergency locating purposes. See also personal locator beacon. (JP 3-50) emergency operations center — A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination of information and resources to support domestic incident management activities normally takes place. Also called EOC. (JP 3-41) emergency preparedness — Measures taken in advance of an emergency to reduce the loss of life and property and to protect a nation’s institutions from all types of hazards through a comprehensive emergency management program of preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. Also called EP. (JP 3-28) emergency preparedness liaison officer — A senior reserve officer who represents their Service at the appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination responsibilities in support of civil authorities. Also called EPLO. (JP 3-28) emergency repair — The least amount of immediate repair to damaged facilities necessary for the facilities to support the mission. See also facility substitutes. (JP 3-34) emergency support functions — Government and certain private-sector capabilities grouped into an organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect property and the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic incidents. Also called ESFs. (JP 3-28) emission control — The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations security: a. detection by enemy sensors; b. mutual interference among friendly systems; and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception plan. Also called EMCON. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) emission security — The component of communications security that results from all measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from crypto-equipment and telecommunications systems. See also communications security. (JP 6-0) Terms and Definitions 81 employment — The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces. (JP 5-0) end evening civil twilight — The point in time when the sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath the western horizon, and is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see objects with the unaided eye. Also called EECT. (JP 2-01.3) end item — A final combination of end products, component parts, and/or materials that is ready for its intended use. (JP 4-02) end of evening nautical twilight — The point in time when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited military operations. Also called EENT. (JP 2-01.3) end state — The set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander’s objectives. (JP 3-0) end-to-end — A term that describes joint distribution operations boundaries, which begin at the point of origin and terminate at the geographic combatant commander’s designated point of need within a desired operational area, including the return of forces and materiel. (JP 4-09) enduring location — A main operating base, forward operating site, or cooperative security location designated by the Department of Defense for strategic access and use to support United States security interests for the foreseeable future. Also called EL. (JP 4-04) engage — 1. In air and missile defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or weapon systems to attack a designated target. See also cease engagement; hold fire. (JP 3-01) 2. To bring the enemy under fire. (JP 3-09.3) engagement — 1. An attack against an air or missile threat. (JP 3-01) 2. A tactical conflict, usually between opposing lower echelons maneuver forces. See also battle; campaign. (JP 3-0) engagement authority — An authority vested with a joint force commander that may be delegated to a subordinate commander, that permits an engagement decision. (JP 3-01) engage on remote — Use of nonorganic sensor or ballistic missile defense system track data to launch weapon and complete engagement. Also called EOR. (JP 3-01) engineer support plan — An appendix to the logistics annex or separate annex of an operation plan that identifies the minimum essential engineering services and construction requirements required to support the commitment of military forces. Also called ESP. See also operation plan. (JP 3-34) en route care — Care provided during transport to optimize patient outcomes. Also called ERC. See also evacuation. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 82 entity — Within the context of targeting, a term used to describe facilities, individuals, virtual (nontangible) things, equipment, or organizations. (JP 3-60) environmental baseline survey — A multi-disciplinary site survey conducted prior to or in the initial stage of an operational deployment. Also called EBS. See also general engineering. (JP 3-34) environmental considerations — The spectrum of environmental media, resources, or programs that may affect the planning and execution of military operations. (JP 3-34) equipment — In logistics, all nonexpendable items needed to outfit or equip an individual or organization. See also component; supplies. (JP 4-0) escapee — Any person who has been physically captured by the enemy and succeeds in getting free. (JP 3-50) escort — A member of the Armed Forces assigned to accompany, assist, or guide an individual or group, e.g., an escort officer. (JP 4-06) essential care — Medical treatment provided to manage the casualty throughout the roles of care, which includes all care and treatment to either return the patient to duty (within the theater evacuation policy), or begin initial treatment required for optimization of outcome, and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate evacuation. See also en route care; first responder; forward resuscitative care; theater. (JP 4-02) essential elements of information — The most critical information requirements regarding the adversary and the environment needed by the commander by a particular time to relate with other available information and intelligence in order to assist in reaching a logical decision. Also called EEIs. (JP 2-0) essential task — A specified or implied task an organization must perform to accomplish the mission. See also implied task; specified task. (JP 5-0) establishing directive — An order issued to specify the purpose of the support relationship. (JP 3-02) estimate — 1. An analysis of a foreign situation, development, or trend that identifies its major elements, interprets the significance, and appraises the future possibilities and the prospective results of the various actions that might be taken. 2. An appraisal of the capabilities, vulnerabilities, and potential courses of action of a foreign nation or combination of nations in consequence of a specific national plan, policy, decision, or contemplated course of action. 3. An analysis of an actual or contemplated clandestine operation in relation to the situation in which it is or would be conducted to identify and appraise such factors as available as well as needed assets and potential obstacles, accomplishments, and consequences. See also intelligence estimate. (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 83 estimative intelligence — Intelligence that identifies, describes, and forecasts adversary capabilities and the implications for planning and executing military operations. (JP 2-0) evacuation — 1. Removal of a patient by any of a variety of transport means from a theater of military operation, or between health services capabilities, for the purpose of preventing further illness or injury, providing additional care, or providing disposition of patients from the military health care system. (JP 4-02) 2. The clearance of personnel, animals, or materiel from a given locality. (JP 3-68) 3. The controlled process of collecting, classifying, and shipping unserviceable or abandoned materiel, United States or foreign, to appropriate reclamation, maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposal facilities. (JP 4-09) 4. The ordered or authorized departure of noncombatant evacuees from a specific area to another in the same or different countries by Department of State, Department of Defense, or appropriate military commander. See also evacuee; noncombatant evacuation operation. (JP 3-68) evacuee — A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of personal security or the requirements of the military situation. See also displaced person; refugee. (JP 3-57) evader — Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly territory who eludes capture. (JP 3-50) evaluation — In intelligence usage, appraisal of an item of information in terms of credibility, reliability, pertinence, and accuracy. (JP 2-01) evaluation agent — The command or agency designated in the evaluation directive to be responsible for the planning, coordination, and conduct of the required evaluation of a joint test publication. See also joint doctrine; joint test publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) evaluation and feedback — In intelligence usage, continuous assessment of intelligence operations throughout the intelligence process to ensure that the commander’s intelligence requirements are being met. See intelligence process. (JP 2-01) evasion — The process whereby isolated personnel avoid capture with the goal of successfully returning to areas under friendly control. (JP 3-50) evasion aid — In personnel recovery, any piece of information or equipment designed to assist an individual in avoiding capture. See also blood chit; evasion; evasion chart; pointee-talkee; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) evasion chart — A special map or chart designed as an evasion aid. Also called EVC. See also evasion; evasion aid. (JP 3-50) Terms and Definitions 84 evasion plan of action — A course of action, developed prior to executing a combat mission, that is intended to improve a potential isolated person’s chances of successful evasion and recovery by providing the recovery forces with an additional source of information that can increase the predictability of the evader’s action and movement. Also called EPA. See also course of action; evader; evasion. (JP 3-50) event matrix — A cross-referenced description of the indicators and activity expected to occur in each named area of interest. See also activity; area of interest; indicator. (JP 2-01.3) event template — A guide for collection planning that depicts the named areas of interest where activity, or its lack of activity, will indicate which course of action the adversary has adopted. See also activity; area of interest; collection planning; course of action. (JP 2-01.3) exclusion zone — A zone established by a sanctioning body to prohibit specific activities in a specific geographic area to persuade nations or groups to modify their behavior to meet the desires of the sanctioning body or face continued imposition of sanctions, or use or threat of force. (JP 3-0) exclusive economic zone — A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Also called EEZ. (JP 3-15) execute order — 1. An order issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at the direction of the Secretary of Defense, to implement a decision by the President to initiate military operations. 2. An order to initiate military operations as directed. Also called EXORD. (JP 5-0) executive agent — A term used to indicate a delegation of authority by the Secretary of Defense or Deputy Secretary of Defense to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary of Defense. Also called EA. (JP 1) exercise — A military maneuver or simulated wartime operation involving planning, preparation, and execution that is carried out for the purpose of training and evaluation. See also maneuver. (JP 3-0) exfiltration — The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. See also special operations; unconventional warfare. (JP 3-50) expeditionary force — An armed force organized to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country. (JP 3-0) expendable supplies — Supplies that are consumed in use, such as ammunition, paint, fuel, cleaning and preserving materials, surgical dressings, drugs, medicines, etc., or that lose Terms and Definitions 85 their identity, such as spare parts, etc., and may be dropped from stock record accounts when it is issued or used. (JP 4-02) exploitation — 1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up initial gains, and making permanent the temporary effects already created. 2. Taking full advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or strategic purposes. 3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. See also attack. (JP 2-01.3) explosive cargo — Cargo such as artillery ammunition, bombs, depth charges, demolition material, rockets, and missiles. (JP 4-01.5) explosive hazard — 1. Any material posing a potential threat that contains an explosive component such as unexploded explosive ordnance, booby traps, improvised explosive devices, captured enemy ammunition, and bulk explosives. (JP 3-15) 2. In explosive ordnance disposal, a condition where danger exists because explosives are present that may react in a mishap with potential unacceptable effects to people, property, operational capability, or the environment. Also called EH. (JP 3-42) explosive ordnance — All munitions and improvised or clandestine explosive devices, containing explosives, propellants, nuclear fission or fusion materials, and biological and chemical agents. (JP 3-42) explosive ordnance disposal — 1. The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. 2. The organizations engaged in such activities. Also called EOD. (JP 3-42) explosive ordnance disposal incident — The suspected or detected presence of unexploded or damaged explosive ordnance that constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and requires explosive ordnance disposal procedures. (JP 3-42) explosive ordnance disposal procedures — Any particular course or mode of action taken by qualified explosive ordnance disposal personnel to detect and/or locate, access, identify, triage, diagnose, stabilize, render safe or neutralize, recover, exploit, and dispose of ordnance, explosives, or any hazardous material associated with an explosive ordnance disposal incident. (JP 3-42) explosive ordnance disposal unit — Personnel with special training and equipment who render explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and supervise the safe removal thereof. (JP 3-42) explosives safety munitions risk management — A systematic approach that integrates risk analysis into operational planning, military training exercises, and contingency operations with the goal of identifying potentially adverse consequences associated with munitions operations, risk reduction alternatives, and risk acceptance criteria for senior officials to make the risk decision. Also called ESMRM. (CJCSI 4360.01A) Terms and Definitions 86 external audience — In public affairs, all people who are not United States military members, Department of Defense civilian employees, and their immediate families. See also internal audience; public. (JP 3-61) external support contract — Contract awarded by contracting organizations whose contracting authority does not derive directly from the theater support contracting head(s) of contracting activity or from systems support contracting authorities. See also systems support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10) 87 F facility — A real property entity consisting of one or more of the following: a building, a structure, a utility system, pavement, and underlying land. (JP 3-34) facility substitutes — Items such as tents and prepackaged structures requisitioned through the supply system that may be used to substitute for constructed facilities. (JP 3-34) family readiness — The state of being prepared to effectively navigate the challenges of daily living experienced in the unique context of military service, to include: mobility and financial readiness, mobilization and deployment readiness, and personal and family life readiness. (DODI 1342.22) feasibility — The plan review criterion for assessing whether the assigned mission can be accomplished using available resources within the time contemplated by the plan. See also acceptability; adequacy. (JP 5-0) feasibility assessment — A basic target analysis that provides an initial determination of the viability of a proposed target for special operations forces employment. Also called FA. (JP 3-05) federal military forces — Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force personnel (including Reserve Component personnel) on federal active duty. (JP 3-28) federal service — A term applied to National Guard members and units when called to active duty to serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution and Title 10, United States Code, Sections 12401 to 12408. See also active duty; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) feint — In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action. (JP 3-13.4) field artillery — Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. Also called FA. (JP 3-09) fighter engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter aircraft. Also called FEZ. (JP 3-01) fighter escort — An offensive counterair operation providing dedicated protection sorties by air-to-air capable fighters in support of other offensive air and air support missions over enemy territory, or in a defensive counterair role to protect high value airborne assets. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 88 fighter sweep — An offensive mission by fighter aircraft to seek out and destroy enemy aircraft or targets of opportunity in a designated area. (JP 3-01) final governing standards — A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive environmental provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or a specific management practice. Also called FGSs. (JP 3-34) final protective fire — An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas. Also called FPF. (JP 3-09.3) finance support — A financial management function to provide financial advice and recommendations, pay support, disbursing support, establishment of local depository accounts, essential accounting support, and support of the procurement process. See also financial management. (JP 1-06) financial management — The combination of the two core functions of resource management and finance support. Also called FM. See also finance support; resource management. (JP 1-06) fire direction center — That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises fire direction and/or fire control. Also called FDC. (JP 3-09.3) fires — The use of weapon systems or other actions to create specific lethal or nonlethal effects on a target. (JP 3-09) fire support — Fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives. See also fires. (JP 3-09) fire support area — An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the naval force commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious operation. Also called FSA. See also amphibious operation; fire support. (JP 3-09) fire support coordination — The planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) fire support coordination center — A single location in which are centralized communications facilities and personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire support for Marine forces. Also called FSCC. See also fire support; fire support coordination; support; supporting arms coordination center. (JP 3-09) fire support coordination line — A fire support coordination measure established by the land or amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation; beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior Terms and Definitions 89 to engagement, and short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement. Also called FSCL. See also fires; fire support. (JP 3-09) fire support coordination measure — A measure employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called FSCM. See also fire support coordination. (JP 3-0) fire support coordinator — 1. The officer in charge of the fire support coordination center. Also called FSC. 2. The brigade combat team’s organic fires battalion commander; if a fires brigade is designated as the division force field artillery headquarters, the fires brigade commander is the division’s fire support coordinator and is assisted by the chief of fires who then serves as the deputy fire support coordinator during the period the force field artillery headquarters is in effect. Also called FSCOORD. (JP 3-09) fire support element — That section of the tactical operations center at every echelon above company responsible for targeting coordination and for integrating fires under the control or in support of the force. Also called FSE. Also called fire cell (FC) within the United States Army. See also fire support; force; support. (JP 3-09) fire support officer — The field artillery officer from the operational to tactical level responsible for advising the supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of the organization on fires functions and fire support. Also called FSO. See also field artillery; fire support; support. (JP 3-09) fire support station — An exact location at sea within a fire support area from which a fire support ship delivers fire. Also called FSS. (JP 3-02) fire support team — A field artillery team provided for each maneuver company/troop and selected units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. Also called FIST. See also close air support; field artillery; fire support; support. (JP 3-09.3) first responder — Anyone who provides initial and immediate treatment to self or others. See also essential care; evacuation. (JP 4-02) fixed port — Terminals with an improved network of cargo-handling facilities designed for the transfer of freight. See also maritime terminal. (JP 4-01.5) fixed price contract — A type of contract that generally provides for a firm price or, under appropriate circumstances, may provide for an adjustable price for the supplies or services being procured. (JP 4-10) flame field expedient — Simple, handmade device used to produce flame or illumination. Also called FFE. (JP 3-15) Terms and Definitions 90 flash burn — A burn caused by excessive exposure (of bare skin) to thermal radiation. (JP 3-41) flatrack — Portable, open-topped, open-sided units that fit into existing below-deck container cell guides and provide a capability for container ships to carry oversized cargo and wheeled and tracked vehicles. (JP 4-09) fleet — An organization of ships, aircraft, Marine Corps forces, and shore-based fleet activities under a commander who may exercise operational, as well as administrative, control. See also numbered fleet. (JP 3-32) Fleet Marine Force — A balanced force of combined arms comprising land, air, and service elements of the United States Marine Corps, which is an integral part of a United States fleet and has the responsibility to man, train, and equip the Marine operating force. Also called FMF. (JP 4-02) flexible deterrent option — A planning construct intended to facilitate early decision making by developing a wide range of interrelated responses that begin with deterrent-oriented actions carefully tailored to produce a desired effect. Also called FDO. (JP 5-0) flexible response — The capability of military forces for effective reaction to any enemy threat or attack with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. (JP 5-0) flight — 1. In Navy and Marine Corps usage, a specified group of aircraft usually engaged in a common mission. 2. The basic tactical unit in the Air Force, consisting of four or more aircraft in two or more elements. 3. A single aircraft airborne on a nonoperational mission. (JP 3-30) flight deck — 1. In certain airplanes, an elevated compartment occupied by the crew for operating the airplane in flight. 2. The upper deck of an aircraft carrier that serves as a runway. 3. The deck of an air-capable ship, amphibious assault ship, or aircraft carrier used to launch and recover aircraft. (JP 3-02) flight deck officer — Officer responsible for the safe movement of aircraft on or about the flight deck of an aviation-capable ship. Also called FDO. (JP 3-04) flight quarters — A ship configuration that assigns and stations personnel at critical positions to conduct safe flight operations. (JP 3-04) floating craft company — A company-sized unit made up of various watercraft teams such as tugs, barges, and barge cranes. (JP 4-01.6) Terms and Definitions 91 floating dump — Emergency supplies preloaded in landing craft, amphibious vehicles, or in landing ships that are located in the vicinity of the appropriate control officer, who directs their landing as requested by the troop commander concerned. (JP 3-02) fly-in echelon — Airlifted forces and equipment (typically associated with the use of pre- positioned assets), to include flight ferry aircraft and aviation support equipment, needed to support operations. Also called FIE. (JP 3-02) follow-up — In amphibious operations, the reinforcements and stores carried on ships and aircraft (not originally part of the amphibious force) that are off-loaded after the assault and assault follow-on echelons have been landed. See also amphibious operation; assault; assault follow-on echelon. (JP 3-02) follow-up shipping — Ships not originally a part of the amphibious task force but which deliver troops and supplies to the objective area after the action phase has begun. (JP 3-02) food and water risk assessment — A program conducted under specific circumstances by veterinary or public health personnel to assess food operations to identify and mitigate risk from intentional and unintentional contamination. Also called FWRA. (JP 4-02) footprint — 1. The area on the surface of the earth within a satellite’s transmitter or sensor field of view. 2. The amount of personnel, spares, resources, and capabilities physically present and occupying space at a deployed location. (JP 4-01.5) force — 1. An aggregation of military personnel, weapon systems, equipment, and necessary support, or combination thereof. 2. A major subdivision of a fleet. (JP 1) force/activity designator — Number used in conjunction with urgency of need designators to establish a matrix of priorities used for supply requisitions. Also called F/AD. See also force. (JP 4-09) force beddown — The provision of expedient facilities for troop support to provide a platform for the projection of force. See also facility substitutes. (JP 3-34) force closure — The point in time when a supported commander determines that sufficient personnel and equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to carry out assigned tasks. See also closure; force. (JP 3-35) force health protection — Measures to promote, improve, or conserve the behavioral and physical well-being of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. Also called FHP. See also force; protection. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 92 force module — A grouping of combat, combat support, and combat service support forces, with their accompanying supplies and the required nonunit resupply and personnel necessary to sustain forces for a minimum of 30 days. Also called FM. (JP 4-01.5) force planning — 1. Planning associated with the creation and maintenance of military capabilities by the Military Departments, Services, and United States Special Operations Command. 2. In the context of joint planning, it is an element of plan development where the supported combatant command, in coordination with its supporting and subordinate commands determines force requirements to accomplish an assigned mission. (JP 5-0) force projection — The ability to project the military instrument of national power from the United States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. See also force. (JP 3-0) force protection — Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against Department of Defense personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. Also called FP. See also force; force protection condition; protection. (JP 3-0) force protection condition — A Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-approved standard for identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against United States personnel and facilities. Also called FPCON. See also antiterrorism; force protection. (JP 3-07.2) force protection detachment — A counterintelligence element that provides counterintelligence support to transiting and assigned ships, personnel, and aircraft in regions of elevated threat. Also called FPD. (JP 2-01.2) force protection working group — Cross-functional working group whose purpose is to conduct risk assessment and risk management and to recommend mitigating measures to the commander. Also called FPWG. (JP 3-10) force requirement number — An alphanumeric code used to uniquely identify force entries in a given operation plan time-phased force and deployment data. Also called FRN. (JP 3-35) force sequencing — The phased introduction of forces into and out of the operational area. (JP 3-68) force sourcing — The identification of the actual units, their origins, ports of embarkation, and movement characteristics to satisfy the time-phased force requirements of a supported commander. (JP 5-0) force tracking — The process of gathering and maintaining information on the location, status, and predicted movement of each element of a unit including the unit’s command Terms and Definitions 93 element, personnel, and unit-related supplies and equipment while in transit to the specified operational area. (JP 3-35) force visibility — The current and accurate status of forces, their current mission, future missions, location, mission priority, and readiness status. (JP 3-35) forcible entry — Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition or forcing access into a denied area to allow movement and maneuver to accomplish the mission. See also lodgment. (JP 3-18) foreign assistance — Assistance to foreign nations ranging from the sale of military equipment and support for foreign internal defense to donations of food and medical supplies to aid survivors of natural and man-made disasters that may be provided through development assistance, humanitarian assistance, and security assistance. See also domestic emergencies; foreign disaster; foreign humanitarian assistance; security assistance. (JP 3-0) foreign disaster — A calamitous situation or event that occurs naturally or through human activities, which threatens or inflicts human suffering on a scale that may warrant emergency relief assistance from the United States Government or from foreign partners. See also foreign disaster relief. (JP 3-29) foreign disaster relief — Assistance that can be used immediately to alleviate the suffering of foreign disaster victims that normally includes services and commodities as well as the rescue and evacuation of victims; the provision and transportation of food, water, clothing, medicines, beds, bedding, and temporary shelter; the furnishing of medical equipment, medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to essential services. Also called FDR. See also foreign disaster. (JP 3-29) foreign humanitarian assistance — Department of Defense activities conducted outside the United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. See also foreign assistance. (JP 3-29) foreign instrumentation signals intelligence — A subcategory of signals intelligence consisting of technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of non-United States aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Also called FISINT. See also signals intelligence. (JP 2-01) foreign intelligence — Information relating to capabilities, intentions, and activities of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons, or international terrorist activities. Also called FI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) foreign intelligence entity — Any known or suspected foreign organization, person, or group (public, private, or governmental) that conducts intelligence activities to acquire United States information, block or impair United States intelligence collection, Terms and Definitions 94 influence United States policy, or disrupts United States systems and programs. The term includes foreign intelligence and security services and international terrorists. Also called FIE. (JP 2-01.2) foreign internal defense — Participation by civilian agencies and military forces of a government or international organizations in any of the programs and activities undertaken by a host nation government to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22) foreign military sales — That portion of United States security assistance for sales programs that require agreements/contracts between the United States Government and an authorized recipient government or international organization for defense articles and services to be provided to the recipient for current stocks or new procurements under Department of Defense-managed contracts, regardless of the source of financing. Also called FMS. (JP 3-20) foreign national — Any person other than a United States citizen, United States permanent or temporary legal resident alien, or person in United States custody. (JP 1-0) foreign nation support — Civil and/or military assistance rendered to a nation when operating outside its national boundaries during military operations based on agreements mutually concluded between nations or on behalf of intergovernmental organizations. Also called FNS. See also host-nation support. (JP 1-06) foreign object damage — Rags, pieces of paper, line, articles of clothing, nuts, bolts, or tools that, when misplaced or caught by air currents normally found around aircraft operations (jet blast, rotor or prop wash, engine intake), cause damage to aircraft systems or weapons or injury to personnel. Also called FOD. (JP 3-04) foreign service national — Foreign nationals who provide clerical, administrative, technical, fiscal, and other support at foreign service posts abroad and are not citizens of the United States. Also called FSN. (JP 3-68) forensic-enabled intelligence — The intelligence resulting from the integration of scientifically examined materials and other information to establish full characterization, attribution, and the linkage of events, locations, items, signatures, nefarious intent, and persons of interest. Also called FEI. (JP 2-0) forward air controller — An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the tactical air control party who, from a forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support of ground troops. Also called FAC. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3) forward air controller (airborne) — A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer, normally an airborne extension of the tactical air control party, who exercises control Terms and Definitions 95 from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops. Also called FAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) forward arming and refueling point — A temporary facility, organized, equipped, and deployed to provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation maneuver units in combat. Also called FARP. (JP 3-09.3) forward aviation combat engineering — A mobility operation in which engineers perform tasks in support of forward aviation ground facilities. Also called FACE. See also combat engineering; reconnaissance. (JP 3-34) forward edge of the battle area — The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering or screening forces are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the maneuver of units. Also called FEBA. (JP 3-09.3) forward line of own troops — A line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. Also called FLOT. (JP 3-03) forward-looking infrared — An airborne, electro-optical thermal imaging device that detects far-infrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a visible image for day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3) forward observer — An observer operating with front line troops trained to adjust ground or naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information. Also called FO. See also forward air controller; spotter. (JP 3-09) forward operating base — An airfield used to support tactical operations without establishing full support facilities. Also called FOB. (JP 3-09.3) forward operating site — A scalable location outside the United States and its territories intended for rotational use by operating forces. Also called FOS. See also cooperative security location; main operating base. (JP 4-04) forward presence — Maintaining forward-deployed or stationed forces overseas to demonstrate national resolve, strengthen alliances, dissuade potential adversaries, and enhance the ability to respond quickly to contingencies. (JP 3-32) forward resuscitative care — Care provided as close to the point of injury as possible based on current operational requirements to attain stabilization, achieve the most efficient use of lifesaving and limb-saving medical treatment, and provide essential care so the patient can tolerate evacuation, which is known as Role 2 care in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization doctrine. Also called FRC. See also essential care; evacuation; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 96 foundation geospatial intelligence data — The base data providing context and a framework for display and visualization of the environment, which consists of: features, elevation, controlled imagery base, geodetic sciences, geographic names and boundaries, aeronautical, maritime, digital point positioning database, and human geography. (JP 2-03) 463L system — A material handling system that consists of military and civilian aircraft cargo restraint rail systems, aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, coupling devices, facilities, handling equipment, procedures, and other components designed to efficiently accomplish the air logistics and aerial delivery mission. (JP 4-09) fragmentary order — An abbreviated operation order issued as needed to change or modify an order or to execute a branch or sequel. Also called FRAGORD. (JP 5-0) freedom of navigation operations — Operations conducted to protect United States navigation, overflight, and related interests on, under, and over the seas. (JP 3-0) free drop — The dropping of equipment or supplies from an aircraft without the use of parachutes. See also airdrop; air movement; free fall; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17) free fall — A parachute maneuver in which the parachute is manually activated at the discretion of the jumper or automatically at a preset altitude. See also airdrop; air movement; free drop; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17) free-fire area — A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09) free mail — Correspondence of a personal nature that weighs less than 11 ounces, to include audio and video recording tapes, from a member of the Armed Forces or designated civilian, mailed postage free from a Secretary of Defense approved free mail zone. (JP 1-0) frequency deconfliction — A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of the electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence functions. Frequency deconfliction is one element of electromagnetic spectrum management. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) friendly — A contact positively identified as a friend using identification, friend or foe and other techniques. (JP 3-01) friendly force information requirement — Information the commander and staff need to understand the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 97 friendly force tracking — The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and movement of friendly forces. Also called FFT. (JP 3-09) frustrated cargo — Any shipment of supplies and/or equipment which, while en route to destination, is stopped prior to receipt and for which further disposition instructions must be obtained. (JP 4-01.5) full mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces of the United States resulting from action by Congress and the President to mobilize, for the duration of the emergency plus six months, all Reserve Component units and individuals in the existing approved force structure, as well as all retired military personnel, and the resources needed for their support to meet the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security. (JP 4-05) full-spectrum superiority — The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, and space domains; electromagnetic spectrum; and information environment (which includes cyberspace) that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive interference. (JP 3-0) function — The broad, general, and enduring role for which an organization is designed, equipped, and trained. (JP 1) functional component command — A command normally, but not necessarily, composed of forces of two or more Military Departments which may be established across the range of military operations to perform particular operational missions that may be of short duration or may extend over a period of time. See also component; Service component command. (JP 1) functional damage assessment — The estimate of the effect of military force to degrade or destroy the functional or operational capability of the target to perform its intended mission and on the level of success in achieving operational objectives established against the target. See also damage assessment; target. (JP 3-60) fusion — In intelligence usage, the process of managing information to conduct all-source analysis and derive a complete assessment of activity. (JP 2-0) Terms and Definitions 98 Intentionally Blank 99 G general agency agreement — A contract between the Maritime Administration and a steamship company which, as general agent, exercises administrative control over a government-owned ship for employment by the Military Sealift Command. See also Military Sealift Command. (JP 3-02) general cargo — Cargo that is suitable for loading in general, nonspecialized stowage areas or standard shipping containers; e.g., boxes, barrels, bales, crates, packages, bundles, and pallets. (JP 4-09) general engineering — Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat engineering, that provide infrastructure and modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. Also called GE. (JP 3-34) general military intelligence — Intelligence concerning the military capabilities of foreign countries or organizations, or topics affecting potential United States or multinational military operations. Also called GMI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) general support — 1. That support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any particular subdivision thereof. See also close support; direct support; mutual support; support. 2. A tactical artillery mission. Also called GS. See also direct support; general support-reinforcing. (JP 3-09.3) general support-reinforcing — The artillery mission of supporting the force as a whole and of providing reinforcing fires for other artillery units. Also called GSR. (JP 3-09.3) general unloading period — In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore movement in which unloading is primarily logistic in character and emphasizes speed and volume of unloading operations. See also initial unloading period. (JP 3-02) geographic coordinates — The quantities of latitude and longitude which define the position of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference ellipsoid. (JP 2-03) geospatial engineering — Those engineering capabilities and activities that contribute to a clear understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and services to commanders and staffs. See also geospatial information and services. (JP 3-34) geospatial information — Information that identifies the geographic location and characteristics of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related products. (JP 2-03) Terms and Definitions 100 geospatial information and services — The collection, information extraction, storage, dissemination, and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth’s surface. Also called GI&S. (JP 2-03) geospatial intelligence — The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03) geospatial-intelligence base for contingency operations — A mobile visualization tool that provides access to geospatial data where networks or infrastructure have been damaged or do not exist. Also called GIBCO. (JP 3-68) geospatial intelligence operations — The tasks, activities, and events to collect, manage, analyze, generate, visualize, and provide imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information necessary to support national and defense missions and international arrangements. Also called GEOINT operations. (JP 2-03) Global Air Transportation Execution System — The Air Mobility Command’s aerial port operations and management information system designed to support automated cargo and passenger processing, the reporting of in-transit visibility data to the Global Transportation Network, and billing to Air Mobility Command’s financial management directorate. Also called GATES. See also Air Mobility Command. (JP 3-17) global campaign plan — Primary means by which the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or designated combatant commander arranges for unity of effort and purpose and through which they guide the planning, integration, and coordination of joint operations across combatant command areas of responsibility and functional responsibilities. Also called GCP. (JP 5-0) Global Combat Support System-Joint — The primary information technology application used to provide automation support to the joint logistician. Also called GCSS-J. (JP 4-0) Global Command and Control System — A deployable command and control system supporting forces for joint and multinational operations across the range of military operations with compatible, interoperable, and integrated communications systems. Also called GCCS. See also command and control; command and control system. (JP 6-0) Global Decision Support System — The command and control system employed by mobility air forces that provides schedules, arrival and/or departure information, and status data to support in-transit visibility of mobility airlift and air refueling aircraft and Terms and Definitions 101 aircrews. Also called GDSS. See also Air Mobility Command; in-transit visibility. (JP 3-17) global distribution — The process that coordinates and synchronizes fulfillment of joint force requirements from point of origin to point of employment. See also distribution. (JP 4-09) global distribution of materiel — The process of providing materiel from the source of supply to its point of consumption or use on a worldwide basis. See also global distribution. (JP 4-09) global force management — Processes that align force assignment, apportionment, and allocation methodologies in support of strategic guidance. Also call GFM. (JP 3-35) global maritime partnership — An approach to cooperation among maritime nations with a shared stake in international commerce, safety, security, and freedom of the seas. (JP 3-32) global missile defense — Missile defense operations, activities, or actions that affect more than one combatant command and require synchronization among the affected commands to deter and prevent attacks, destroy enemy missiles, or nullify or reduce the effectiveness of an attack. Also called global MD. (JP 3-01) Global Patient Movement Requirements Center — A joint activity reporting directly to the Commander, United States Transportation Command, which provides medical regulating and aeromedical evacuation scheduling for the continental United States and intertheater operations, provides support to the theater patient movement requirements centers, and coordinates with supporting resource providers to identify available assets and communicates transport to bed plans to the appropriate transportation agency for execution. Also called GPMRC. See also medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) Global Positioning System — A satellite-based radio navigation system operated by the Department of Defense to provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise positioning, navigation, and timing. Also called GPS. (JP 3-14) global transportation management — The integrated process to satisfy transportation requirements using the Defense Transportation System to meet national security objectives. Also called GTM. See also Defense Transportation System. (JP 4-01) go/no-go — A critical point at which a decision to proceed or not must be made. (JP 3-02) governance — The state’s ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and behavior by which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society. (JP 3-24) Terms and Definitions 102 grid coordinates — Coordinates of a grid coordinate system to which numbers and letters are assigned for use in designating a point on a gridded map, photograph, or chart. (JP 3-09) ground alert — That status in which aircraft on the ground/deck are fully serviced and armed, with combat crews in readiness to take off within a specified period of time after receipt of a mission order. See also airborne alert. (JP 3-01) ground-based interceptor — A fixed-based, surface-to-air missile for defense against long- range ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the targeted reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight. (JP 3-01) ground-based midcourse defense — A surface-to-air ballistic missile defense system for exo-atmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01) group — A long-standing functional organization that is formed to support a broad function within a headquarters. (JP 3-33) guarded frequencies — A list of time-oriented, enemy frequencies that are currently being exploited for combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) guerrilla force — A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory. (JP 3-05) guided missile — An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the Earth whose trajectory or flight path is capable of being altered by an external or internal mechanism. See also ballistic missile. (JP 3-01) gun-target line — An imaginary straight line from gun to target. Also called GTL. (JP 3-09.3) 103 H half-life — The time required for the activity of a given radioactive species to decrease to half of its initial value due to radioactive decay. (JP 3-11) hasty breach — The creation of lanes through enemy minefields by expedient methods such as blasting with demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the minefields when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate breaching, or bypassing the obstacle. (JP 3-15) hazard — A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation. See also injury. (JP 3-33) hazardous cargo — Cargo that includes not only large bulk-type categories, such as explosives; pyrotechnics; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; compressed gases; and corrosives and batteries, but lesser-quantity materials like super-tropical bleach (oxiderizer), pesticides, poisons, medicines, and specialized medical chemicals and medical waste that can be loaded as cargo. (JP 3-02) hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels — The potential hazard that is created when volatile combustibles, such as fuel, are exposed to electromagnetic fields of sufficient energy to cause ignition. Also called HERF. (JP 3-02) hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance — The danger of accidental actuation of electro-explosive devices or otherwise electrically activating ordnance because of radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Also called HERO. See also electromagnetic radiation; HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-02) hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel — The potential hazard that exists when personnel are exposed to an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to heat the human body. Also called HERP. (JP 3-04) head of contracting activity — The official who has overall responsibility for managing the contracting activity. Also called HCA. (JP 4-10) head-up display — A display of flight, navigation, attack, or other information superimposed upon the pilot’s forward field of view. See also flight. (JP 3-09.3) health care provider — Any member of the Armed Forces, civilian employee of the Department of Defense, or personal services contract employee under Title 10, United States Code, Section 1091 authorized by the Department of Defense to perform health care functions. Also called DOD health care provider. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 104 health service support — All services performed, provided, or arranged to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental or physical well-being of personnel. Also called HSS. (JP 4-02) health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions to prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02) health threat — A composite of ongoing or potential enemy actions; adverse environmental, occupational, and geographic and meteorological conditions; endemic diseases; and employment of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons (to include weapons of mass destruction) that have the potential to affect the short- or long-term health (including psychological impact) of personnel. (JP 4-02) heavy-lift cargo — 1. Any single cargo lift, weighing over 5 long tons, and to be handled aboard ship. 2. In Marine Corps usage, individual units of cargo that exceed 800 pounds in weight or 100 cubic feet in volume. (JP 4-01.5) heavy-lift ship — A ship specially designed and capable of loading and unloading heavy and bulky items and has booms of sufficient capacity to accommodate a single lift of 100 tons. (JP 4-01.2) height of burst — The vertical distance from the Earth’s surface or target to the point of burst. Also called HOB. (JP 3-41) HERO SAFE ordnance — Any ordnance item that is percussion initiated, sufficiently shielded or otherwise so protected that all electro-explosive devices contained by the item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in its expected radio frequency environments, provided that the general hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance requirements defined in the hazards from electromagnetic radiation manual are observed. See also electromagnetic radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04) HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance — Any ordnance item containing electro-explosive devices proven by test or analysis to be adversely affected by radio frequency energy to the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system is employed in its expected radio frequency environment. See also electromagnetic radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04) HERO UNSAFE ordnance — Any ordnance item containing electro-explosive devices that has not been classified as HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance as a result of a hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) analysis or test is Terms and Definitions 105 considered HERO UNSAFE ordnance. Additionally, any ordnance item containing electro-explosive devices (including those previously classified as HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance) that has its internal wiring exposed; when tests are being conducted on that item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; when electro-explosive devices having exposed wire leads are present and handled or loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled or disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices. See also electromagnetic radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04) H-hour — 1. The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences. (JP 5-0) 2. In amphibious operations, the time the first landing craft or amphibious vehicle of the waterborne wave lands or is scheduled to land on the beach and, in some cases, the commencement of countermine breaching operations. (JP 3-02) high altitude bombing — Horizontal bombing with the height of release over 15,000 feet. (JP 3-09.3) high-altitude missile engagement zone — In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with high-altitude surface-to-air missiles. Also called HIMEZ. (JP 3-01) high-density airspace control zone — Airspace designated in an airspace control plan or airspace control order in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and varied weapons and airspace users. Also called HIDACZ. (JP 3-52) high-payoff target — A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the friendly course of action. Also called HPT. See also high-value target; target. (JP 3-60) high-risk personnel — Personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or relative isolation, are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called HRP. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) high seas — The open ocean area that is over 200 nautical miles from shore. (JP 3-32) high-value airborne asset protection — A defensive counterair mission using fighter escorts that defend airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even one could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy with significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. See also defensive counterair. (JP 3-01) high-value target — A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion of the mission. Also called HVT. See also high-payoff target; target. (JP 3-60) Terms and Definitions 106 high velocity drop — A drop procedure in which the drop velocity is greater than 30 feet per second and lower than free drop velocity. See also airdrop. (JP 3-17) homeland — The physical region that includes the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, United States territories, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace. (JP 3-28) homeland defense — The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. Also called HD. (JP 3-27) homeland security — A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States; reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur. Also called HS. (JP 3-27) home station — The permanent location of active duty units and Reserve Component units. See also active duty; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) homing — The technique whereby a mobile station directs itself, or is directed, towards a source of primary or reflected energy, or to a specified point. (JP 3-50) homing adaptor — A device, when used with an aircraft radio receiver, that produces aural and/or visual signals indicating the direction of a transmitting radio station with respect to the heading of the aircraft. (JP 3-50) horizontal stowage — The lateral distribution of unit equipment or categories of supplies so they can be unloaded simultaneously from two or more holds. (JP 3-02) hostage rescue — A personnel recovery method used to recover isolated personnel who are specifically designated as hostages. Also called HR. (JP 3-50) hostile act — An attack or other use of force against the United States, United States forces, or other designated persons or property to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of United States forces, including the recovery of United States personnel or vital United States Government property. (JP 3-28) hostile environment — Operational environment in which host government forces, whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) hostile intent — The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, United States forces, or other designated persons or property. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 107 host nation — A nation which receives forces and/or supplies from allied nations and/or North Atlantic Treaty Organization to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its territory. Also called HN. (JP 3-57) host-nation support — Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. See also host nation. (JP 4-0) hub — An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from wholesale supply sources (airlifted, sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater. See also hub and spoke distribution; spoke. (JP 4-09) hub and spoke distribution — A physical distribution system, in which a major port serves as a central point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points to increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility. See also distribution; distribution system; hub; in-transit visibility; spoke. (JP 4-09) human factors — The physical, cultural, psychological, and behavioral attributes of an individual or group that influence perceptions, understanding, and interactions. (JP 2-0) human intelligence — A category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources. Also called HUMINT. (JP 2-0) humanitarian and civic assistance — Assistance to the local populace, specifically authorized by Title 10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate authorities, provided by predominantly United States forces in conjunction with military operations. Also called HCA. See also foreign humanitarian assistance. (JP 3-29) humanitarian assistance coordination center — A temporary center established by a geographic combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and planning during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance operations. Also called HACC. See also foreign humanitarian assistance; interagency coordination. (JP 3-29) humanitarian demining assistance — The activities related to the furnishing of education, training, and technical assistance with respect to the detection and clearance of land mines and other explosive remnants of war. (JP 3-29) humanitarian mine action — Activities that strive to reduce the social, economic, and environmental impact of land mines, unexploded ordnance, and small arms ammunition. Also called HMA. (JP 3-15) Terms and Definitions 108 humanitarian operations center — An international and interagency body that coordinates the overall relief strategy and unity of effort among all participants in a large foreign humanitarian assistance operation. Also called HOC. See also operation. (JP 3-29) hung ordnance — Those weapons or stores on an aircraft that the pilot has attempted to drop or fire but could not because of a malfunction of the weapon, rack or launcher, or aircraft release and control system. (JP 3-04) hydrographic reconnaissance — Reconnaissance of an area of water to determine depths; beach gradients; the nature of the bottom; and the location of coral reefs, rocks, shoals, and man-made obstacles. (JP 3-02) hygiene services — The provision of personal hygiene facilities and waste collection; and the cleaning, repair, replacement, and return of individual clothing and equipment items in a deployed environment. (JP 4-0) hyperspectral imagery — Term used to describe the imagery derived from subdividing the electromagnetic spectrum into very narrow bandwidths allowing images useful in precise terrain or target analysis to be formed. Also called HSI. (JP 2-03) 109 I identification — 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an unknown detected contact. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. 3. In ground combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. (JP 3-01) identification, friend or foe — A device that emits a signal positively identifying it as a friendly. Also called IFF. See also air defense. (JP 3-52) identification maneuver — A maneuver performed for identification purposes. (JP 3-52) identity intelligence — The intelligence resulting from the processing of identity attributes concerning individuals, groups, networks, or populations of interest. Also called I2. (JP 2-0) imagery — A likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object or activity, and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation was acquired, including: products produced by space-based national intelligence reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except that such term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on behalf of human intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03) imagery exploitation — The cycle of processing, using, interpreting, mensuration and/or manipulating imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results for dissemination. (JP 2-03) imagery intelligence — The technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials. Also called IMINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-03) immediate air support — Air support to meet specific requests which arise during the course of a battle and which by their nature cannot be planned in advance. (JP 3-09.3) immediate decontamination — Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately upon becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of contamination. Also called emergency decontamination. See also contamination; decontamination. (JP 3-11) immediate response — Any form of immediate action taken in the United States and territories to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for assistance from a civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time does not permit approval from a higher authority. (JP 3-28) Terms and Definitions 110 implementation — Procedures governing the mobilization of the force and the deployment, employment, and sustainment of military operations in response to execution orders issued by the Secretary of Defense. (JP 5-0) implied task — In the context of planning, a task derived during mission analysis that an organization must perform or prepare to perform to accomplish a specified task or the mission, but which is not stated in the higher headquarters order. See also essential task; specified task. (JP 5-0) imprest fund — A cash fund of a fixed amount established through an advance of funds, without appropriation change, to an authorized imprest fund cashier to effect immediate cash payments of relatively small amounts for authorized purchases of supplies and nonpersonal services. (JP 1-0) improvised explosive device — A weapon that is fabricated or emplaced in an unconventional manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals. Also called IED. (JP 3-15.1) improvised nuclear device — A device incorporating fissile materials designed or constructed outside of an official government agency that has, appears to have, or is claimed to be a nuclear weapon that is no longer in the control of a competent authority or custodian or has been modified from its designated firing sequence. Also call IND. (JP 3-42) inactive duty training — Authorized training performed by a member of a Reserve Component not on active duty or active duty for training and consisting of regularly scheduled unit training assemblies, additional training assemblies, periods of appropriate duty or equivalent training, and any special additional duties authorized for Reserve Component personnel by the Secretary concerned, and performed by them in connection with the prescribed activities of the organization in which they are assigned with or without pay. See also active duty for training. (JP 1) incapacitating agent — A chemical agent, which produces temporary disabling conditions that can be physical or mental and persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased. (JP 3-11) incident — An occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, that requires action to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to, loss of, or other risks to property, information, and/or natural resources. See also information operations. (JP 3-28) incident awareness and assessment — The processing, analysis, and dissemination of information collected or acquired through the authorized use of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, and other intelligence, intelligence-related, and/or Terms and Definitions 111 non-intelligence capabilities, during defense support of civil authorities and National Guard domestic operations. Also called IAA. (JP 3-28) incident command system — A standardized on-scene emergency management construct designed to aid in the management of resources during incidents. Also called ICS. (JP 3-28) incident management — A national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies. (JP 3-28) incremental costs — Costs additional to the Service appropriations that would not have been incurred absent support of the contingency operation. See also financial management. (JP 1-06) indications — In intelligence usage, information in various degrees of evaluation, all of which bear on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) indicator — 1. In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or capability of an adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) 2. In operations security usage, data derived from friendly detectable actions and open-source information that an adversary can interpret and piece together to reach conclusions or estimates of friendly intentions, capabilities, or activities. (JP 3-13.3) 3. In the context of assessment, a specific piece of information that infers the condition, state, or existence of something, and provides a reliable means to ascertain performance or effectiveness. (JP 5-0) indigenous populations and institutions — The societal framework of an operational environment including citizens; legal and illegal immigrants; dislocated civilians; and governmental, tribal, ethnic, religious, commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also called IPI. (JP 3-57) individual mobilization augmentee — An individual reservist attending drills who receives training and is preassigned to an Active Component organization, a Selective Service System, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency billet that must be filled on, or shortly after, mobilization. Also called IMA. (JP 4-05) individual protective equipment — The personal clothing and equipment provided to all military, government civilians, and contractors authorized to accompany the force required to protect an individual from chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and some nuclear hazards. Also called IPE. (JP 3-11) Individual Ready Reserve — A manpower pool consisting of individuals who have had some training or who have served previously in the Active Component or in the Selected Terms and Definitions 112 Reserve and may have some period of their military service obligation remaining. Also called IRR. See also Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) industrial mobilization — The transformation of industry from its peacetime activity to the industrial program necessary to support the national military objectives. See also mobilization. (JP 4-05) industrial preparedness — The state of preparedness of industry to produce essential materiel to support the national military objectives. (JP 4-05) industrial preparedness program — Plans, actions, or measures for the transformation of the industrial base, both government-owned and civilian-owned, from its peacetime activity to the emergency program necessary to support the national military objectives. (JP 4-05) inertial navigation system — A self-contained navigation system using inertial detectors, which automatically provides vehicle position, heading, and velocity. Also called INS. (JP 3-09) influence mine — A mine actuated by the effect of a target on some physical condition in the vicinity of the mine or on radiations emanating from the mine. See also mine. (JP 3-15) influence sweep — A sweep designed to produce an influence similar to that produced by a ship and thus actuate mines. (JP 3-15) information environment — The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information. (JP 3-13) information exchange requirement — An exchange of information that is essential to command and control, enabling the situational needs of the joint task force and component commanders’ to support force employment and decision making. Also called IER. (JP 3-33) information management — The function of managing an organization’s information resources for the handling of data and information acquired by one or many different systems, individuals, and organizations in a way that optimizes access by all who have a share in that data or a right to that information. Also called IM. (JP 3-0) information operations — The integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. Also called IO. See also electronic warfare; military deception; operations security; military information support operations. (JP 3-13) Terms and Definitions 113 information operations force — A force consisting of units, staff elements, individual military professionals in the Active and Reserve Components, and DOD civilian employees who conduct or directly support the integration of information-related capabilities against adversaries and potential adversaries during military operations as well as those who train these professionals. Also called IO force. (DODD 3600.01) information operations intelligence integration — The integration of intelligence disciplines and analytic methods to characterize and forecast, identify vulnerabilities, determine effects, and assess the information environment. Also called IOII. (JP 3-13) information-related capability — A tool, technique, or activity employed within a dimension of the information environment that can be used to create effects and operationally desirable conditions. Also called IRC. (JP 3-13) information report — A report used to forward raw information collected to fulfill intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) information requirements — In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding the adversary and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. Also called IR. See also priority intelligence requirement. (JP 2-0) information superiority — The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect, process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. See also information operations. (JP 3-13) infrared imagery — That imagery produced as a result of sensing electromagnetic radiations emitted or reflected from a given target surface in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000 microns). (JP 2-03) infrared pointer — A low power laser device operating in the near infrared light spectrum that is visible with light amplifying night vision devices. Also called IR pointer. (JP 3-09.3) initial contingency location — A locale occupied by a force in immediate response to a contingency operation and characterized by austere infrastructure and limited services with little or no external support except through Service-organic capabilities. (JP 4-04) initial reception point — In personnel recovery, a secure area or facility under friendly control where initial reception of recovered isolated personnel can safely take place. (JP 3-50) initial response force — The first unit, usually military police, on the scene of a terrorist incident. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) Terms and Definitions 114 initial unloading period — In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore movement in which unloading is primarily tactical in character and must be instantly responsive to landing force requirements. See also general unloading period. (JP 3-02) initiating directive — An order to a subordinate commander to conduct military operations as directed. Also called ID. (JP 3-18) injury — 1. A term comprising such conditions as fractures, wounds, sprains, strains, dislocations, concussions, and compressions. 2. Conditions resulting from extremes of temperature or prolonged exposure. 3. Acute poisonings (except those due to contaminated food) resulting from exposure to a toxic or poisonous substance. See also casualty. (JP 4-02) inland petroleum distribution system — A multi-product system consisting of both commercially available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be assembled by military personnel and, when assembled into an integrated petroleum distribution system, provides the military with the capability required to support an operational force with bulk fuels. Also called IPDS. (JP 4-03) inner transport area — In amphibious operations, an area as close to the landing beach as depth of water, navigational hazards, boat traffic, and enemy action permit, to which transports may move to expedite unloading. See also outer transport area; transport area. (JP 3-02) instrument approach procedure — A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually or the missed approach procedure is initiated. (JP 3-04) instrument meteorological conditions — Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than minimums specified for visual meteorological conditions. Also called IMC. See also visual meteorological conditions. (JP 3-02) instruments of national power — All of the means available to the government in its pursuit of national objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, informational and military. (JP 1) in support of — Assisting or protecting another formation, unit, or organization while remaining under original control. (JP 1) insurgency — The organized use of subversion and violence to seize, nullify, or challenge political control of a region. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself. (JP 3-24) Terms and Definitions 115 integrated air and missile defense — The integration of capabilities and overlapping operations to defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint force, and enable freedom of action by negating an enemy’s ability to create adverse effects from their air and missile capabilities. Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01) integrated consumable item support — A decision support system that takes time-phased force and deployment data and calculates the ability of the Defense Logistics Agency to support those plans. Also called ICIS. (JP 4-03) Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation Network Convergence — The in- transit visibility system of record providing expanded common integrated data and application services enabling a common logistics picture, distribution visibility, and materiel asset/in-transit visibility for distribution solutions. Also called IGC. (JP 4-09) integrated financial operations — The integration, synchronization, prioritization, and targeting of fiscal resources and capabilities across United States departments and agencies, multinational partners, and nongovernmental organizations against an adversary and in support of the population. Also called IFO. (JP 1-06) integrated logistic support — A composite of all the support considerations necessary to assure the effective and economical support of a system for its life cycle. Also called ILS. (JP 4-01.5) integrated materiel management — The exercise of total Department of Defense-level management responsibility for a federal supply group or class, commodity, or item for a single agency, which normally includes computation of requirements, funding, budgeting, storing, issuing, cataloging, standardizing, and procuring functions. Also called IMM. (JP 4-09) integrated staff — A staff in which one officer only is appointed to each post on the establishment of the headquarters, irrespective of nationality and Service. See also multinational staff; joint staff. (JP 3-16) integration — 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational commander’s force prior to mission execution. (JP 1) 2. The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. (JP 1) 3. In photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are combined into a single image. (JP 1) 4. In intelligence usage, the application of the intelligence to appropriate missions, tasks, and functions. See also force protection. (JP 2-01) intelligence — 1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. 2. The activities that result in the product. 3. The organizations engaged in Terms and Definitions 116 such activities. See also acoustic intelligence; all-source intelligence; communications intelligence; critical intelligence; domestic intelligence; electronic intelligence; foreign intelligence; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; general military intelligence; imagery intelligence; joint intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; medical intelligence; national intelligence; open-source intelligence; operational intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence; target intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-0) intelligence asset — Any resource utilized by an intelligence organization for an operational support role. (JP 2-0) intelligence community — All departments or agencies of a government that are concerned with intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory role. Also called IC. (JP 2-0) intelligence discipline — A well-defined area of intelligence planning, collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and reporting using a specific category of technical or human resources. See also counterintelligence; human intelligence; imagery intelligence; intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; open-source intelligence; signals intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-0) intelligence estimate — The appraisal, expressed in writing or orally, of available intelligence relating to a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their adoption. (JP 2-0) intelligence federation — An agreement in which a combatant command joint intelligence operations center receives intelligence support from other joint intelligence centers, Service intelligence organizations, reserve organizations, and national agencies. (JP 2- 01) intelligence information report — A formatted message utilized as the primary vehicle for providing human intelligence information to the customer via automated intelligence community databases. Also called IIR. (JP 2-01.2) intelligence interrogation — The systematic process of using approved interrogation approaches to question a captured or detained person to obtain reliable information to satisfy intelligence requirements, consistent with applicable law. (JP 2-01.2) intelligence mission management — A systematic process by an intelligence staff to proactively and continuously formulate and revise command intelligence requirements and track the resulting information through the processing, exploitation, and dissemination process to satisfy user requirements. Also called IMM. (JP 2-01) Terms and Definitions 117 intelligence operations — The variety of intelligence and counterintelligence tasks that are carried out by various intelligence organizations and activities within the intelligence process. See also analysis and production; collection; dissemination; evaluation and feedback; planning and direction; processing and exploitation. (JP 2-01) intelligence planning — The intelligence component of the Adaptive Planning and Execution system, which coordinates and integrates all available Defense Intelligence Enterprise capabilities to meet combatant commander intelligence requirements. Also called IP. (JP 2-0) intelligence preparation of the battlespace — The analytical methodologies employed by the Services or joint force component commands to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, time, and terrain. Also called IPB. See also joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) intelligence process — The process by which information is converted into intelligence and made available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: planning and direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production, dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback. See also analysis and production; collection; dissemination; evaluation and feedback; intelligence; planning and direction; processing and exploitation. (JP 2-01) intelligence production — The integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of information from single or multiple sources into finished intelligence for known or anticipated military and related national security consumer requirements. (JP 2-0) intelligence report — A specific report of information, usually on a single item, made at any level of command in tactical operations and disseminated as rapidly as possible in keeping with the timeliness of the information. (JP 2-01) intelligence reporting — Intelligence information prepared by the collector and transmitted to one or more intelligence-producing components. (JP 2-01.2) intelligence requirement — 1. Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need for the collection of information, or the production of intelligence. 2. A requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in the command’s knowledge or understanding of the operational environment or threat forces. Also called IR. See also intelligence; priority intelligence requirement. (JP 2-0) intelligence source — The means or system that can be used to observe and record information relating to the condition, situation, or activities of a targeted location, organization, or individual. See also intelligence; source. (JP 2-0) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance — 1. An integrated operations and intelligence activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct Terms and Definitions 118 support of current and future operations. 2. The organizations or assets conducting such activities. Also called ISR. See also intelligence; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization; reconnaissance; surveillance. (JP 2-01) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization — The capability to graphically display the current and future locations of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance sensors, their projected platform tracks, vulnerability to threat capabilities and meteorological and oceanographic phenomena, fields of regard, tasked collection targets, and products to provide a basis for dynamic retasking and time- sensitive decision making. Also called ISR visualization. See also intelligence; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; reconnaissance; surveillance. (JP 2-01) intelligence system — Any formal or informal system to manage data gathering, to obtain and process the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to decision makers as a basis for action. (JP 2-01) interagency — Of or pertaining to United States Government agencies and departments, including the Department of Defense. See also interagency coordination. (JP 3-08) interagency coordination — Within the context of Department of Defense involvement, the coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense and participating United States Government departments and agencies for the purpose of achieving an objective. (JP 3-0) intercontinental ballistic missile — A long-range ballistic missile with a range capability greater than 3,000 nautical miles. Also called ICBM. (JP 3-01) interdiction — 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s military surface capability before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to achieve enemy objectives. 2. In support of law enforcement, activities conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, intercept, board, detain, or destroy, under lawful authority, vessels, vehicles, aircraft, people, cargo, and money. See also air interdiction. (JP 3-03) intermediate-range ballistic missile — A ballistic missile with a range capability from 1,500 to 3,000 nautical miles. Also called IRBM. (JP 3-01) intermediate staging base — A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment, and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. See also base; staging base. (JP 3-35) intermodal — Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea, highway, rail, and air modes of transportation through use of American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, line- haul assets, and handling equipment. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 119 internal audience — In public affairs, United States military members and Department of Defense civilian employees and their immediate families. See also external audience; public. (JP 3-61) internal defense and development — The full range of measures taken by a nation to promote its growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called IDAD. See also foreign internal defense. (JP 3-22) internally displaced person — Any person who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their home or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border. Also called IDP. (JP 3-29) internal security — The state of law and order prevailing within a nation. (JP 3-08) international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response — United States Government activity that assists foreign governments in responding to the effects from an intentional or accidental chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incident on foreign territory. Also called ICBRN-R. (JP 3-41) International Convention for Safe Containers — A convention held in Geneva, Switzerland, on 2 Dec 1972, which resulted in setting standard safety requirements for containers moving in international transport. These requirements were ratified by the United States on 3 January 1978. Also called CSC. (JP 4-09) international military education and training — Formal or informal instruction provided to foreign military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors, and the instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or informational publications; and media of all kinds. Also called IMET. See also United States Military Service funded foreign training. (JP 3-20) interoperability — 1. The ability to act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve tactical, operational, and strategic objectives. (JP 3-0) 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics systems or items of communications- electronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users. (JP 6-0) interorganizational cooperation — The interaction that occurs among elements of the Department of Defense; participating United States Government departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and the private sector. (JP 3-08) Terms and Definitions 120 interpretation — A part of the analysis and production phase in the intelligence process in which the significance of information is judged in relation to the current body of knowledge. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) inter-Service support — Action by one Service or element thereof to provide logistics and/or administrative support to another Service or element thereof. See also support. (JP 4-0) intertheater airlift — The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United States and to other theaters as well as the airlift within the continental United States. See also intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17) intertheater patient movement — Moving patients between, into, and out of the different theaters of the geographic combatant commands and into the continental United States or another supporting theater. See also en route care; evacuation; intratheater patient movement. (JP 4-02) in-transit visibility — The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of Defense units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and passengers; patients; and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across the range of military operations. Also called ITV. (JP 4-01.2) intratheater airlift — Airlift conducted within a theater with assets assigned to a geographic combatant commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander. See also intertheater airlift. (JP 3-17) intratheater patient movement — Moving patients within the theater of a combatant command or within the continental United States. See also en route care; evacuation; intertheater patient movement. (JP 4-02) inventory control — That phase of military logistics that includes managing, cataloging, requirements determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of materiel. Also called inventory management; materiel control; materiel management; supply management. (JP 4-09) inventory control point — An organizational unit or activity within a Department of Defense supply system that is assigned the primary responsibility for the materiel inventory management of a group of items either for a particular Service or for the Defense Department as a whole. Also called ICP. (JP 4-09) ionizing radiation — Particulate (alpha, beta, and neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and gamma) radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. (JP 3-11) irregular warfare — A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s). Also called IW. (JP 1) Terms and Definitions 121 isolated personnel — United States military, Department of Defense civilians and contractor personnel (and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a United States sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, resist, or escape. See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue. (JP 3-50) isolated personnel report — A Department of Defense form containing information designed to facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated person by a recovery force. Also called ISOPREP. See also authentication; evader. (JP 3-50) item manager — An individual within the organization of an inventory control point or other such organization assigned management responsibility for one or more specific items of materiel. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 122 Intentionally Blank 123 J joint — Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more Military Departments participate. (JP 1) joint air attack team — A combination of attack and/or scout rotary-wing aircraft and fixed- wing close air support aircraft operating together to locate and attack high priority targets and other targets of opportunity. Also called JAAT. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3) joint air component coordination element — A general term for the liaison element that serves as the direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint air operations. Also called JACCE. (JP 3-30) joint air-ground integration center — A staff organization designed to enhance joint collaborative efforts to deconflict joint air-ground assets in the division’s airspace. Also called JAGIC. (JP 3-09.3) joint air operations — Air operations performed with air capabilities/forces made available by components in support of the joint force commander’s operation or campaign objectives, or in support of other components of the joint force. (JP 3-30) joint air operations center — A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander’s operation or campaign objectives. Also called JAOC. See also joint air operations. (JP 3-30) joint air operations plan — A plan for a connected series of joint air operations to achieve the joint force commander’s objectives within a given time and joint operational area. Also called JAOP. See also joint air operations. (JP 3-30) joint base — In base defense operations, a locality from which operations of two or more of the Military Departments are projected or supported and which is manned by significant elements of two or more Military Departments or in which significant elements of two or more Military Departments are located. See also base. (JP 3-10) joint captured materiel exploitation center — An element responsible for deriving intelligence information from captured enemy materiel. It is normally subordinate to the intelligence directorate of a joint staff. Also called JCMEC. (JP 2-01) joint civil-military operations task force — A joint task force composed of civil-military operations units from more than one Service. Also called JCMOTF. See also civil- military operations; joint task force. (JP 3-57) Terms and Definitions 124 joint combined exchange training — A program conducted overseas to fulfill United States forces training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between United States forces and host nation counterparts. Also called JCET. (JP 3-05) joint communications network — The aggregation of the joint multichannel trunking and switching system and the joint command and control communications system(s) in a theater. Also called JCN. (JP 6-0) joint contracting support board — A board established to coordinate all contracting support and to determine specific contracting mechanisms to obtain commercially procured common logistic supplies and services within the operational area. Also called JCSB. See also combatant commander logistic procurement support board; joint requirements review board. (JP 4-10) joint counterintelligence unit — An organization composed of Service and Department of Defense agency counterintelligence personnel that is formed under the authority of the Secretary of Defense, assigned to a combatant commander, and focused on strategic and operational counterintelligence missions. Also called JCIU. (JP 2-01.2) joint data network operations officer — The joint task force operations directorate officer responsible to the commander for integrating data from supporting components into a common database used to generate the common tactical picture. Also called JDNO. (JP 3-01) joint deployable intelligence support system — A transportable workstation and communications suite that electronically extends a joint intelligence center to a joint task force or other tactical user. Also called JDISS. (JP 2-0) joint deployment and distribution enterprise — The complex of equipment, procedures, doctrine, leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, organizations, facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution operations. Also called JDDE. (JP 4-0) joint deployment and distribution operations center — A combatant command movement control organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and theater multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment, Also called JDDOC. (JP 4-09) joint desired point of impact — A unique, alpha-numeric-coded precise aimpoint associated with a target to achieve an explicit weaponeering objective and identified by a three-dimensional (latitude, longitude, elevation) mensurated coordinate. Also called JDPI. See also aimpoint; desired point of impact. (JP 3-60) joint distribution — The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the joint logistic system using the Joint Deployment and Distribution Enterprise for end-to-end Terms and Definitions 125 movement of forces and materiel from point of origin to the designated point of need. (JP 4-09) joint doctrine — Fundamental principles that guide the employment of United States military forces in coordinated action toward a common objective and may include terms, tactics, techniques, and procedures. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual; joint publication; joint test publication; multinational doctrine. (CJCSI 5120.02) joint doctrine development community — The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Services, the combatant commands, the Joint Staff, the combat support agencies, the doctrine development agencies of the Services and the joint community, the National Defense University, the United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, the National Guard Bureau, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff controlled activities. Also called JDDC. (CJCSI 5120.02) Joint Doctrine Development System — The system of lead agents, Joint Staff doctrine sponsors, primary review authorities, coordinating review authorities, technical review authorities, assessment agents, evaluation agents, Joint Doctrine Planning Conferences, procedures, and the hierarchical framework designed to initiate, develop, approve, and maintain joint publications. (CJCSI 5120.02) Joint Doctrine Planning Conference — A forum convened by the Joint Staff Directorate for Joint Force Development that meets semiannually to address and vote on project proposals; discuss key joint doctrinal and operational issues; discuss potential changes to the joint doctrine development process; keep up to date on the status of the joint publication projects and emerging publications; and keep abreast of other initiatives of interest to the members. Also called JDPC. (CJCSM 5120.01) joint document exploitation center — An element, normally subordinate to the intelligence directorate of a joint staff, responsible for deriving intelligence information from captured documents including all forms of electronic data and other forms of stored textual and graphic information. Also called JDEC. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01) joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations — Those interrelated functions of frequency management, host nation coordination, and joint spectrum interference resolution that together enable the planning, management, and execution of operations within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military operations. Also called JEMSMO. (JP 6-01) joint electromagnetic spectrum operations — Those activities consisting of electronic warfare and joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations used to exploit, attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic operational environment to achieve the commander’s objectives. Also called JEMSO. (JP 6-01) Terms and Definitions 126 joint engagement zone — In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which multiple air and missile defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously employed to engage air and missile threats. Also called JEZ. (JP 3-01) joint facilities utilization board — A joint board that evaluates and reconciles component requests for real estate, use of existing facilities, inter-Service support, and construction to ensure compliance with Joint Civil-Military Engineering Board priorities. Also called JFUB. (JP 3-34) joint field office — A temporary multiagency coordination center established at the incident site to provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, nongovernmental, and private-sector organizations with primary responsibility for incident oversight, direction, or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions. Also called JFO. (JP 3-28) joint fires — Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more components in coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective. See also fires. (JP 3-0) joint fires element — An optional staff element that provides recommendations to the operations directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization. Also called JFE. See also fire support; joint fires. (JP 3-60) joint fires observer — A trained Service member who can request, adjust, and control surface-to-surface fires, provide targeting information in support of Type 2 and 3 close air support terminal attack control, and perform autonomous terminal guidance operations. Also called JFO. (JP 3-09.3) joint fire support — Joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces to move, maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. See also fire support; joint fires. (JP 3-0) joint force — A force composed of elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) joint force air component commander — The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) joint force chaplain — The military chaplain designated by the joint force commander to serve as the senior chaplain for the joint force. Also called the JFCH. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 127 joint force commander — A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. See also joint force. (JP 1) joint force land component commander — The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFLCC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) joint force maritime component commander — The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFMCC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) joint force special operations component commander — The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFSOCC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) joint force surgeon — A Department of Defense medical department officer appointed by the joint force commander to serve as the joint force special staff officer to establish, monitor, or evaluate joint force health services support. Also called JFS. See also health service support; joint force. (JP 4-02) joint functions — Related capabilities and activities placed into seven basic groups of command and control, information, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment to help joint force commanders synchronize, integrate, and direct joint operations. (JP 3-0) joint individual augmentee — An unfunded, temporary duty position (or member filling an unfunded, temporary duty position) identified on a joint manning document by a supported combatant commander to augment headquarters operations during contingencies. Also called JIA. (JP 4-05) joint integrated prioritized target list — A prioritized list of targets approved by the joint force commander. Also called JIPTL. See also target. (JP 3-60) Terms and Definitions 128 joint intelligence — Intelligence produced by elements of more than one Service of the same nation. (JP 2-0) joint intelligence architecture — A dynamic, flexible structure that consists of the Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center, combatant command joint intelligence operations centers, and subordinate joint task force intelligence operations centers or joint intelligence support elements to provide national, theater, and tactical commanders with the full range of intelligence required for planning and conducting operations. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) joint intelligence operations center — An interdependent, operational intelligence organization at the Department of Defense, combatant command, or joint task force (if established) level, that is integrated with national intelligence centers, and capable of accessing all sources of intelligence impacting military operations planning, execution, and assessment. Also called JIOC. (JP 2-0) joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment — The analytical process used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other intelligence products in support of the joint force commander’s decision-making process. Also called JIPOE. (JP 2-01.3) joint intelligence support element — A subordinate joint force element whose focus is on intelligence support for joint operations, providing the joint force commander, joint staff, and components with the complete enemy and adversary situation. Also called JISE. See also intelligence; joint force; joint operations. (JP 2-01) joint interagency coordination group — A staff group that establishes regular, timely, and collaborative working relationships between civilian and military operational planners. Also called JIACG. (JP 3-08) joint interface control officer — The senior interface control officer for multi-tactical data link networks in the joint force who is responsible for development and validation of the architecture, joint interoperability and management of the multi-tactical data link networks, and overseeing operations of a joint interface control cell. Also called JICO. (JP 3-01) joint interrogation and debriefing center — Physical location for the exploitation of intelligence information from detainees and other sources. Also called JIDC. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) joint interrogation operations — 1. Activities conducted by a joint or interagency organization to extract information for intelligence purposes from detainees. 2. Activities conducted in support of law enforcement efforts to adjudicate enemy combatants who are believed to have committed crimes against United States persons or property. Also called JIO. (JP 2-01) Terms and Definitions 129 joint land operations — Land operations performed across the range of military operations with land forces made available by Service components in support of the joint force commander’s operation or campaign objectives, or in support of other components of the joint force. (JP 3-31) joint land operations plan — A plan for a connected series of joint land operations to achieve the joint force commander’s objectives within a given time and operational area. (JP 3-31) joint logistics — The coordinated use, synchronization, and sharing of two or more Military Departments’ logistic resources to support the joint force. See also logistics. (JP 4-0) joint logistics enterprise — A multi-tiered matrix of key global logistics providers cooperatively engaged or structured to achieve a common purpose without jeopardizing the integrity of their own organizational missions and goals. Also called JLEnt. (JP 4-0) joint logistics operations center — The current operations division within the logistics directorate of a joint staff, which monitors crises, exercises, and interagency actions and works acquisition and cross-servicing agreements as well as international logistics. Also called JLOC. See also logistics. (JP 4-01) joint logistics over-the-shore commander — The commander selected by the joint force commander and tasked to organize the efforts of all elements participating in accomplishing the joint logistics over-the-shore mission. See also joint logistics over- the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6) joint logistics over-the-shore operations — Operations in which Navy and Army logistics over-the-shore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint force commander. Also called JLOTS operations. See also joint logistics; logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6) joint manpower program — The policy, processes, and systems used in determination and prioritization within and among joint Service manpower requirements. Also called JMP. (JP 1-0) joint meteorological and oceanographic officer — Officer designated to provide direct meteorological and oceanographic support to a joint force commander. Also called JMO. (JP 3-59) joint mission-essential task — A mission task selected by a joint force commander deemed essential to mission accomplishment and defined using the common language of the Universal Joint Task List in terms of task, condition, and standard. Also called JMET. See also condition, universal joint task list. (JP 3-33) Terms and Definitions 130 joint mortuary affairs office — Plans and executes all mortuary affairs programs within a theater. Provides guidance to facilitate the conduct of all mortuary programs and to maintain data (as required) pertaining to recovery, identification, and disposition of all US dead and missing in the assigned theater. Serves as the central clearing point for all mortuary affairs and monitors the deceased and missing personal effects program. Also called JMAO. See also mortuary affairs; personal effects. (JP 4-06) joint network operations control center — An element of the communications system directorate of a joint staff established as the single control agency for the management and direction of the joint force communications systems. Also called JNCC. (JP 6-0) joint operations — Military actions conducted by joint forces and those Service forces employed in specified command relationships with each other, which of themselves, do not establish joint forces. (JP 3-0) joint operations area — An area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a geographic combatant commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission. Also called JOA. See also area of responsibility; joint special operations area. (JP 3-0) joint operations area forecast — The official baseline meteorological and oceanographic forecast for operational planning and mission execution within the joint operations area. Also called JOAF. (JP 3-59) joint operations center — A jointly manned facility of a joint force commander’s headquarters established to plan, monitor, and guide the execution of the commander’s decisions. Also called JOC. (JP 3-41) joint patient movement requirements center — A joint activity established to coordinate the joint patient movement requirements function for a joint force operating within an operational area. Also called JPMRC. See also health service support; joint force surgeon; joint operations area; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting — A data repository developed and implemented by the Defense Manpower Data Center that consumes and reconciles data from existing Service deployment systems. Also called JPARR. (JP 1-0) joint personnel processing center — A center established in an operational area by the appropriate joint force commander with the responsibility for the in-processing and out- processing of personnel upon their arrival in and departure from the theater. Also called JPPC. (JP 1-0) joint personnel recovery center — The primary joint force organization responsible for planning and coordinating personnel recovery for military operations within the Terms and Definitions 131 assigned operational area. Also called JPRC. See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue. (JP 3-50) joint personnel training and tracking activity — The continental United States center established to facilitate the reception, accountability, processing, training, and onward movement of individual augmentees preparing for overseas movement to support a joint military operation. Also called JPTTA. (JP 1-0) joint planning — Planning activities associated with military operations by combatant commanders and their subordinate commanders. See also joint planning process. (JP 5-0) joint planning and execution community — Those headquarters, commands, and agencies involved in the training, preparation, mobilization, deployment, employment, support, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization of military forces assigned or committed to a joint operation. Also called JPEC. (JP 5-0) joint planning group — A planning organization consisting of designated representatives of the joint force headquarters principal and special staff sections, joint force components (Service and/or functional), and other supporting organizations or agencies as deemed necessary by the joint force commander. Also called JPG. See also joint planning. (JP 5-0) joint planning process — An orderly, analytical process that consists of a logical set of steps to analyze a mission, select the best course of action, and produce a campaign or joint operation plan or order. Also called JPP. See also joint planning. (JP 5-0) joint proponent — A Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate assigned coordinating authority to lead the collaborative development and integration of joint capability with specific responsibilities designated by the Secretary of Defense. (SecDef Memo 03748-09) Joint Public Affairs Support Element — A deployable unit assigned to assist a joint force commander in developing and training public affairs forces in joint, interagency, and multinational environments. Also called JPASE. (JP 3-61) joint publication — A compilation of agreed to fundamental principles, considerations, and guidance on a particular topic, approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that guides the employment of a joint force toward a common objective. Also called JP. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual; joint doctrine; joint test publication. (CJCSI 5120.02) joint reception coordination center — An organization that, when established, ensures that Department of Defense personnel and noncombatant evacuees receive adequate assistance and support for an orderly and expedient debarkation, movement to final destination in the United States, and appropriate follow-on assistance at the final destination. Also called JRCC. (JP 3-68) Terms and Definitions 132 joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration — A phase of joint force projection occurring in the operational area during which arriving personnel, equipment, and materiel transition into forces capable of meeting operational requirements. Also called JRSOI. See also integration; joint force; reception; staging. (JP 3-35) joint requirements review board — The joint task force or subunified commander’s established board to review, validate, approve, and prioritize selected Service component contract support requests. Also called JRRB. See also combatant commander logistic procurement support board; joint contracting support board. (JP 4-10) joint restricted frequency list — A time and geographically oriented listing of TABOO, PROTECTED, and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. Also called JRFL. See also electronic warfare; guarded frequencies; protected frequencies; TABOO frequencies. (JP 3-13.1) joint security area — A specific surface area, designated by the joint force commander to facilitate protection of joint bases and their connecting lines of communications that support joint operations. Also called JSA. (JP 3-10) joint security coordination center — A joint operations center tailored to assist the joint security coordinator in meeting the security requirements in the joint operational area. Also called JSCC. (JP 3-10) joint security coordinator — The officer with responsibility for coordinating the overall security of the operational area in accordance with joint force commander directives and priorities. Also called JSC. (JP 3-10) joint servicing — That function performed by a jointly staffed and financed activity in support of two or more Services. (JP 3-05) joint special operations air component commander — The commander within a joint force special operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special operations air activities. Also called JSOACC. (JP 3-05) joint special operations area — An area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force commander to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special operations activities. Also called JSOA. (JP 3-0) joint special operations task force — A joint task force composed of special operations units from more than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also called JSOTF. (JP 3-05) Terms and Definitions 133 joint staff — 1. The staff of a commander of a unified or specified command, subordinate unified command, joint task force, or subordinate functional component (when a functional component command will employ forces from more than one Military Department), that includes members from the several Services comprising the force. 2. (capitalized as Joint Staff) The staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that assists the Chairman and the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out their responsibilities. Also called JS. (JP 1) Joint Staff doctrine sponsor — A Joint Staff directorate assigned to coordinate a joint doctrine project with the Joint Staff. Also called JSDS. See also joint doctrine. (CJCSM 5120.01) Joint Strategic Planning System — One of the primary means by which the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders, carries out the statutory responsibilities to assist the President and Secretary of Defense in providing strategic direction to the Armed Forces. Also called JSPS. (JP 5-0) joint table of distribution — A manpower document that identifies the positions and enumerates the spaces that have been approved for each organizational element of a joint activity for a specific fiscal year (authorization year), and those accepted for the four subsequent fiscal years (program years). Also called JTD. See also joint manpower program. (JP 1-0) joint targeting coordination board — A group formed by the joint force commander to accomplish broad targeting oversight functions that may include, but are not limited to, coordinating targeting information; providing targeting guidance, synchronization, and priorities; and approving the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called JTCB. See also joint integrated prioritized target list; targeting. (JP 3-60) joint target list — A consolidated list of validated targets of military significance without restrictions within a joint force commander’s operational area. Also called JTL. See also joint; target. (JP 3-60) joint task force — A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task force commander. Also called JTF. (JP 1) Joint Task Force-Civil Support — A standing joint task force established to plan and integrate Department of Defense support to the designated lead federal agency for domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives consequence management operations. Also called JTF-CS. (JP 3-41) joint terminal attack controller — A qualified (certified) Service member who, from a forward position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and Terms and Definitions 134 other offensive air operations. Also called JTAC. See also terminal attack control. (JP 3-09.3) joint test publication — A proposed publication produced for field-testing an emergent concept that has been validated through the Joint Experimentation Program or a similar joint process. Also called JTP. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; joint doctrine; joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) Joint Transportation Board — The body that prioritizes common-user transportation resources assigned or available to the Department of Defense on behalf of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called JTB. See also common-user transportation. (JP 4-01) joint urban operations — Joint operations planned and conducted on, or against objectives within a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made construction or the density of population are the dominant features. Also called JUOs. See also joint operations. (JP 3-06) Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System — The sensitive compartmented information portion of the Defense Information Systems Network, which incorporates advanced networking technologies that permit point-to-point or multipoint information exchange involving voice, text, graphics, data, and video teleconferencing. Also called JWICS. (JP 2-0) judge advocate —An officer of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the Army, Air Force, or Navy, or officers of the Marine Corps or Coast Guard designated as a judge advocate. Also called JA. (JP 1-04) jumpmaster — The assigned airborne qualified individual who controls paratroops from the time they enter the aircraft until they exit. (JP 3-17) 135 K key position — A civilian position, public or private (designated by the employer and approved by the Secretary concerned), that cannot be vacated during war or national emergency. (JP 1-0) keystone publications — Joint doctrine publications that establish the doctrinal foundation for a series of joint publications in the hierarchy of joint publications. See also capstone publications; joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) key terrain — Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (JP 2-01.3) kill box — A three-dimensional permissive fire support coordination measure with an associated airspace coordinating measure used to facilitate the integration of fires. (JP 3-09) Terms and Definitions 136 Intentionally Blank 137 L land control operations — The employment of land forces, supported by maritime and air forces (as appropriate) to control vital land areas. See also sea control operations. (JP 3-31) land domain — The area of the Earth’s surface ending at the high water mark and overlapping with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals. (JP 3-31) land forces — Personnel, weapon systems, vehicles, and support elements operating on land to accomplish assigned missions and tasks. (JP 3-31) landing aid — Any illuminating light, radio beacon, radar device, communicating device, or any system of such devices for aiding aircraft in an approach and landing. (JP 3-04) landing area — 1. That part of the operational area within which are conducted the landing operations of an amphibious force. 2. In airborne operations, the general area used for landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing. 3. Any specially prepared or selected surface of land, water, or deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of aircraft. See also airfield; amphibious force; landing beach; landing force. (JP 3-02) landing area diagram — A graphic means of showing the beach designations, boat lanes, organization of the line of departure, scheduled waves, landing ship area, transport areas, and the fire support areas in the immediate vicinity of the boat lanes. (JP 3-02) landing beach — That portion of a shoreline required for the landing of an amphibious force. (JP 3-02) landing craft — A craft employed in amphibious operations specifically designed for carrying troops and their equipment and for beaching, unloading, retracting, and resupply operations. (JP 3-02) landing craft and amphibious vehicle assignment table — A table showing the assignment of personnel and materiel to each landing craft and amphibious vehicle and the assignment of the landing craft and amphibious vehicles to waves for the ship-to- shore movement. (JP 3-02) landing craft availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of landing craft that will be available from each ship of the transport group. (JP 3-02) landing diagram — A graphic means of illustrating the plan for the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 138 landing force — A Marine Corps or Army task organization, which is part of the amphibious force, formed to conduct amphibious operations. Also called LF. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; amphibious task force; task organization. (JP 3-02) landing force operational reserve material — Package of contingency supplies pre- positioned and maintained onboard selected amphibious warfare ships to enhance reaction time and provide support for the embarked landing force in contingencies. Also called LFORM. (JP 3-02) landing force support party — A temporary landing force organization composed of Navy and landing force elements that facilitates the ship-to-shore movement and provides initial combat support and combat service support to the landing force. Also called LFSP. See also combat service support; combat support; landing force; ship-to- shore movement. (JP 3-02) landing group — In amphibious operations, a subordinate task organization of the landing force capable of conducting landing operations, under a single tactical command, against a position or group of positions. (JP 3-02) landing plan — In amphibious operations, a collective term referring to all individually prepared amphibious task force and landing force documents that, taken together, present, in detail, all instructions for execution of the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) landing sequence table — A document that incorporates the detailed plans for ship-to-shore movement of nonscheduled units. (JP 3-02) landing signalman enlisted — Enlisted man responsible for ensuring that helicopters/tiltrotor aircraft, on signal, are safely started, engaged, launched, recovered, and shut down. Also called LSE. (JP 3-04) landing signals officer — Officer responsible for the visual control of aircraft in the terminal phase of the approach immediately prior to landing. Also called LSO. See also terminal phase. (JP 3-04) landing site — 1. A site within a landing zone containing one or more landing points. See also airfield. 2. In amphibious operations, a continuous segment of coastline over which troops, equipment, and supplies can be landed by surface means. (JP 3-02) landing zone — Any specified zone used for the landing of aircraft. Also called LZ. See also airfield. (JP 3-17) laser-guided weapon — A weapon that uses a seeker to detect laser energy reflected from a laser marked/designated target and through signal processing provides guidance commands to a control system, which guides the weapon to the point from which the laser energy is being reflected. Also called LGW. (JP 3-09) Terms and Definitions 139 laser rangefinder — A device that uses laser energy for determining the distance from the device to a place or object. (JP 3-09) laser seeker — A device based on a direction-sensitive receiver that detects the energy reflected from a laser designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to the receiver. See also laser-guided weapon. (JP 3-09.3) laser spot — The area on a surface illuminated by a laser. See also spot. (JP 3-09) laser spot tracker — A device that locks on to the reflected energy from a laser-marked or designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to itself. Also called LST. (JP 3-09) laser target designator — A device that emits a beam of laser energy which is used to mark a specific place or object. Also called LTD. See also target. (JP 3-09) latest arrival date — A day, relative to C-Day, that is specified by the supported combatant commander as the latest date when a unit, resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of operations. Also called LAD. (JP 3-35) launch area denied — The geographic area from which an enemy targeting a designated defended area cannot launch a ballistic missile without it being engaged by the ballistic missile defenses. Also called LAD. (JP 3-01) launch on remote — Use of nonorganic sensor data or ballistic missile defense system track to launch a weapon, with additional data provided by a different sensor(s) to complete the engagement. Also called LOR. (JP 3-01) law enforcement agency — Any of a number of agencies (outside the Department of Defense) chartered and empowered to enforce United States laws in a state or territory (or political subdivision) of the United States, a federally recognized Native American tribe or Alaskan Native Village, or within the borders of a host nation. Also called LEA. (JP 3-28) law of armed conflict — See law of war. (JP 1-04) law of war — That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. Also called the law of armed conflict. See also rules of engagement. (JP 1-04) lead — In intelligence usage, a person with potential for exploitation, warranting additional assessment, contact, and/or development. (JP 2-01.2) lead agency — The United States Government agency designated to coordinate the interagency oversight of the day-to-day conduct of an ongoing operation. (JP 3-08) Terms and Definitions 140 lead agent — 1. An individual Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate assigned to develop and maintain a joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) 2. In medical materiel management, the designated unit or organization to coordinate or execute day- to-day conduct of an ongoing operation or function. Also called LA. (JP 4-02) lead aircraft — 1. The airborne aircraft designated to exercise command of other aircraft within the flight. 2. An aircraft in the van of two or more aircraft. (JP 3-09.3) lead federal agency — The federal agency that leads and coordinates the overall federal response to an emergency. Also called LFA. (JP 3-41) lead nation — The nation with the will, capability, competence, and influence to provide the essential elements of political consultation and military leadership to coordinate the planning, mounting, and execution of a multinational operation. See also logistic support; multinational force. (JP 3-16) lead Service or agency for common-user logistics — A Service component or Department of Defense agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item or service support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the combatant or subordinate joint force commander’s operation plan, operation order, and/or directives. See also common-user logistics. (JP 4-0) letter of assist — A contractual document issued by the United Nations to a government authorizing it to provide goods or services to a peacekeeping operation. Also called LOA. See also peacekeeping. (JP 1-06) letter of authorization — A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or designee that authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, and within the operational area; and, outlines government furnished support authorizations within the operational area. Also called LOA. (JP 4-10) letter of offer and acceptance — Standard Department of Defense form on which the United States Government documents its offer to transfer to a foreign government or international organization United States defense articles and services via foreign military sales pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act. Also called LOA. See also foreign military sales. (JP 4-08) level of detail — Within the current joint planning and execution system, movement characteristics for both personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo. Levels I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing. Levels V and VI are used by Joint Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing feeder systems. a. level I - personnel: expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number. Cargo: expressed in total short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total thousands of barrels by unit line number. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed by thousands of barrels Terms and Definitions 141 by unit line number. b. level II - cargo: expressed by short tons and measurement tons of bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by unit line number. Also square feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and boats by unit line number. c. level III - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed as short tons and measurement tons as well as square feet associated to that cargo category code for an individual unit line number. d. level IV - cargo: detail for individual dimensional data expressed in length, width, and height in number of inches, and weight/volume in short tons/measurement tons, along with a cargo description. Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category code and a unit line number). e. level V - personnel: any general summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in distribution and deployment. f. level VI - personnel: detail expressed by name, Service, military occupational specialty and unique identification number. Cargo: detail expressed by association to a transportation control number or single tracking number or item of equipment to include federal stock number/national stock number and/or requisition number. Nested cargo, cargo that is contained within another equipment item, may similarly be identified. Also called JOPES level of detail. (CJCSM 3122.01A) leverage — In the context of planning, a relative advantage in combat power and/or other circumstances against the enemy or adversary across any variable within or impacting the operational environment sufficient to exploit that advantage. See also operational art; operational design. (JP 5-0) L-hour — 1. The specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation commences or is to commence. (JP 5-0) 2. In amphibious operations, the time at which the first helicopter or tiltrotor aircraft of the airborne ship-to-shore movement wave touches down or is scheduled to touch down in a landing zone. (JP 3-02) life cycle — The total phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially developed until the time it is either consumed in use or disposed of as being excess to all known materiel requirements. (JP 4-02) lighterage — The process in which small craft are used to transport cargo or personnel from ship-to-shore using amphibians, landing craft, discharge lighters, causeways, and barges. (JP 4-01.6) limitation — An action required or prohibited by higher authority, such as a constraint or a restraint, and other restrictions that limit the commander’s freedom of action, such as diplomatic agreements, rules of engagement, political and economic conditions in affected countries, and host nation issues. See also constraint; restraint. (JP 5-0) limiting factor — A factor or condition that, either temporarily or permanently, impedes mission accomplishment. (JP 5-0) line of communications — A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move. Also called LOC. (JP 2-01.3) Terms and Definitions 142 line of demarcation — A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone used to establish the forward limits of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or withdrawal has been completed. See also buffer zone; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) line of departure — 1. In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of attack elements. Also called LD. (JP 3-31) 2. In amphibious operations, a suitably marked offshore coordinating line, which is located at the seaward end of a boat lane, to assist in the landing of landing craft and amphibious vehicles on designated beaches at the scheduled times. Also called LOD. (JP 3-02) line of effort — In the context of planning, using the purpose (cause and effect) to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions by linking multiple tasks and missions. Also called LOE. (JP 5-0) line of operation — A line that defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in relation to the enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in time and space to an objective(s). Also called LOO. (JP 5-0) link — 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes. 2. In communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications facilities between two points. 3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route, that connects any two or more routes together. See also node. (JP 3-0) listening watch — A continuous receiver watch established for the reception of communication addressed to, or of interest to, the unit maintaining the watch, with complete log optional. (JP 3-50) littoral — The littoral comprises two segments of operational environment: 1. Seaward: the area from the open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations ashore. 2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and defended directly from the sea. (JP 2-01.3) loading plan — All of the individually prepared documents which, taken together, present, in detail, all instructions for the arrangement of personnel and the loading of equipment for one or more units or other special grouping of personnel or material moving by highway, water, rail, or air transportation. (JP 3-02) load signal — In personnel recovery, a visual signal displayed in a covert manner to indicate the presence of an individual or object at a given location. See also evasion; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) locate — In personnel recovery, the task where actions are taken to precisely find and authenticate the identity of isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) Terms and Definitions 143 lodgment — A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. (JP 3-18) logistics — Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. (JP 4-0) logistics over-the-shore operation area — That geographic area required to conduct a logistics over-the-shore operation. Also called LOA. See also logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6) logistics over-the-shore operations — The loading and unloading of ships without the benefit of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. Also called LOTS operations. See also joint logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6) logistic support — Support that encompasses the logistic services, materiel, and transportation required to support the continental United States-based and worldwide deployed forces. (JP 4-0) logistics supportability analysis — Combatant command internal assessment for the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan on capabilities and shortfalls of key logistic capabilities required to execute and sustain the concept of support conducted on all level three plans with the time phased force deployment data. Also called LSA. (JP 4-0) low-altitude missile engagement zone — In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with low- to medium-altitude surface-to-air missiles. Also called LOMEZ. (JP 3-01) low-level transit route — A temporary corridor of defined dimensions established in the forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air defenses or surface forces. Also called LLTR. (JP 3-52) low velocity drop — A drop procedure in which the drop velocity does not exceed 30 feet per second. (JP 3-17) low-visibility operations — Sensitive operations wherein the diplomatic-military restrictions inherent in covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or not feasible; actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those involved and/or their activities and with the knowledge that the action and/or sponsorship of the operation may preclude plausible denial by the initiating power. (JP 3-05) Terms and Definitions 144 Intentionally Blank 145 M magnetic mine — A mine that responds to the magnetic field of a target. (JP 3-15) mail embargo — A temporary shutdown or redirection of mail flow to or from a specific location. (JP 1-0) main operating base — A facility outside the United States and its territories with permanently stationed operating forces and robust infrastructure. Also called MOB. See also cooperative security location; forward operating site. (JP 4-04) main supply route — The route or routes designated within an operational area upon which the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations. Also called MSR. (JP 4-01.5) maintenance — 1. All action, including inspection, testing, servicing, classification as to serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation, taken to retain materiel in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. 2. All supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission. 3. The routine recurring work required to keep a facility in such condition that it may be continuously used at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose. (JP 4-0) major force — A military organization comprised of major combat elements and associated combat support, combat service support, and sustainment increments. (JP 5-0) major operation — 1. A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by combat forces, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. 2. For noncombat operations, a reference to the relative size and scope of a military operation. See also operation. (JP 3-0) maneuver — 1. A movement to place ships, aircraft, or land forces in a position of advantage over the enemy. 2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the ground, or on a map in imitation of war. 3. The operation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle to cause it to perform desired movements. 4. Employment of forces in the operational area, through movement in combination with fires and information, to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy. See also mission; operation. (JP 3-0) manpower management — The means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient and economical use of available manpower. (JP 1-0) manpower requirements — Human resources needed to accomplish specified work loads of organizations. (JP 1-0) Marine air command and control system — A system that provides the aviation combat element commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Terms and Definitions 146 Services. Also called MACCS. See also direct air support center; tactical air operations center. (JP 3-09.3) Marine Corps special operations forces — Those Active Component Marine Corps forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called MARSOF. (JP 3-05) Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force — The surge sealift assets owned and operated by the United States Department of Transportation/Maritime Administration and Military Sealift Command (in contingency), crewed by civilian mariners. Also called MARAD RRF. See also National Defense Reserve Fleet. (JP 4-01.6) maritime domain — The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals. (JP 3-32) maritime domain awareness — The effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment of a nation. Also called MDA. (JP 3-32) maritime environment — The environment corresponding to the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, including the littorals and their sub-surface features, and interfaces and interactions with the atmosphere. (JP 3-59) maritime forces — Forces that operate on, under, or above the sea to gain or exploit command of the sea, sea control, or sea denial and/or to project power from the sea. (JP 3-32) maritime interception operations — Efforts to monitor, query, and board merchant vessels in international waters to enforce sanctions against other nations such as those in support of United Nations Security Council Resolutions and/or prevent the transport of restricted goods. Also called MIO. (JP 3-03) maritime power projection — Power projection in and from the maritime environment, including a broad spectrum of offensive military operations to destroy enemy forces or logistic support or to prevent enemy forces from approaching within enemy weapons’ range of friendly forces. (JP 3-32) maritime pre-positioning force operation — A rapid deployment and assembly of a Marine expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of intertheater airlift and forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships. Also called MPF operation. See also maritime pre-positioning ships. (JP 4-01.6) maritime pre-positioning ships — Civilian-crewed, Military Sealift Command-chartered ships that are usually forward-deployed and loaded with pre-positioned equipment and up to 30 days of supplies to support Marine expeditionary brigades. Also called MPSs. See also Navy cargo handling battalion. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 147 maritime security operations — Those operations to protect maritime sovereignty and resources and to counter maritime-related terrorism, weapons proliferation, transnational crime, piracy, environmental destruction, and illegal seaborne migration. Also called MSO. (JP 3-32) Maritime Security Program — A program authorized in the Maritime Security Act of 2003 requiring the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, to establish a fleet of active, commercially viable, militarily useful, privately-owned vessels to meet national defense and other security requirements. Also called MSP. (JP 4-01.2) maritime superiority — That degree of dominance of one force over another that permits the conduct of maritime operations by the former and its related land, maritime, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. (JP 3-32) maritime supremacy — That degree of maritime superiority wherein an opposing force is incapable of effective interference. (JP 3-32) maritime terminal — A facility for berthing ships simultaneously at piers, quays, and/or working anchorages. Also called water terminal. (JP 4-01.5) marking — To maintain contact on a target from such a position that the marking unit has an immediate offensive capability. (JP 3-09.3) marshalling — 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne operation group together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. 2. The process of assembling, holding, and organizing supplies and/or equipment, especially vehicles of transportation, for onward movement. See also staging area. (JP 3-17) marshalling area — A location in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned equipment storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, and prepared for onward movement. See also marshalling. (JP 3-35) mass atrocity response operations — Military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass atrocities. Also called MARO. (JP 3-07.3) mass casualty — Any number of human casualties produced across a period of time that exceeds available medical support capabilities. See also casualty. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 148 massed fire — 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single target. 2. Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single target point or small area. (JP 3-02) master — The commander of a United States Naval Ship, a commercial ship, or a government-owned general agency agreement ship operated for the Military Sealift Command by a civilian company to transport Department of Defense cargo. (JP 3-02) master air attack plan — A plan that contains key information that forms the foundation of the joint air tasking order. Also called MAAP. See also target. (JP 3-60) materials handling equipment — Equipment used at air, ground, and sea ports to handle large cargo. Also called MHE. (JP 4-01.5) materiel — All items necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities without distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. See also equipment; personal property. (JP 4-0) materiel inventory objective — The quantity of an item required to be on hand and on order on M-day in order to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain the approved United States force structure and those Allied forces designated for United States materiel support, through the period prescribed for war materiel planning purposes. (JP 4-09) materiel planning — A subset of logistic planning consisting of the four-step process of: a. requirements definition. Requirements for significant items are calculated at item- level detail to support sustainability planning and analysis. b. apportionment. Items are apportioned to the combatant commanders based on a global scenario to avoid sourcing of items to multiple theaters. c. sourcing. Sourcing is the matching of available capabilities on a given date against item requirements to support sustainability analysis and the identification of locations to support transportation planning. d. documentation. Sourced item requirements are translated into movement requirements and documented in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database for transportation feasibility analysis. (JP 4-09) materiel release order — An order issued by an accountable supply system manager directing a non-accountable activity within the same supply distribution complex to release and ship materiel. Also called MRO. (JP 4-09) materiel requirements — Those quantities of items of equipment and supplies necessary to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain a Service, formation, organization, or unit in the fulfillment of its purposes or tasks during a specified period. (JP 4-09) maximum ordinate — In artillery and naval gunfire support, the height of the highest point in the trajectory of a projectile above the horizontal plane passing through its origin. Also called vertex height and MAXORD. (JP 3-09.3) Terms and Definitions 149 M-day — Mobilization day; unnamed day on which mobilization of forces begins. (JP 4-06) measurement and signature intelligence — Information produced by quantitative and qualitative analysis of physical attributes of targets and events to characterize, locate, and identify targets and events, and derived from specialized, technically derived measurements of physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or event. Also called MASINT. See also intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence. (JP 2-0) Measurement and Signature Intelligence Requirements System — A system for the management of theater and national measurement and signature intelligence collection requirements, providing automated tools for users in support of submission, review, and validation of measurement and signature intelligence nominations of requirements to be tasked for national and Department of Defense measurement and signature intelligence collection, production, and exploitation resources. Also called MRS. See also measurement and signature intelligence. (JP 2-01) measurement ton — The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with surface-delivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40. Also called MTON. (JP 4-01.5) measure of effectiveness — An indicator used to measure a current system state, with change indicated by comparing multiple observations over time. Also called MOE. See also combat assessment; mission. (JP 5-0) measure of performance — An indicator used to measure a friendly action that is tied to measuring task accomplishment. Also called MOP. (JP 5-0) mechanical sweep — In naval mine warfare, any sweep used with the object of physically contacting the mine or its appendages. (JP 3-15) media operations center — A facility established by the commander to serve as the focal point for the interface between the military and the media during the conduct of military operations. Also called MOC. (JP 3-61) media pool — A limited number of news media who represent a larger number of news media organizations for purposes of news gathering and sharing of material during a specified activity. See also public affairs. (JP 3-61) medical civil-military operations — All military health- and veterinary-related activities in support of a commander that establish, enhance, maintain or influence relations between the force and host nation, multinational governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace to facilitate military operations, achieve United States operational objectives, and positively impact the health, agriculture, and economic sectors. Also called MCMO. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 150 medical intelligence — That category of intelligence resulting from collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian sectors. Also called MEDINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01) medical intelligence preparation of the operational environment — A systematic continuing process, used by the National Center for Medical Intelligence, that analyzes information on medical and disease threats, enemy capabilities, terrain, weather, local medical infrastructure, potential humanitarian and dislocated civilian situations, transportation issues, and political, religious and social issues for all types of operations. Also called MIPOE. (JP 4-02) medical logistics support — Class VIII medical supplies (medical material to include medical peculiar repair parts used to sustain the health service support system), optical fabrication, medical equipment maintenance, blood storage and distribution, and medical gases. Also called MEDLOG support. (JP 4-02) medical regulating — The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement of patients through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed space. See also health service support; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) medical surveillance — The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data derived from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a population’s health, well-being, and performance. See also surveillance. (JP 4-02) medical treatment facility — A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical and/or dental care to eligible individuals. Also called MTF. (JP 4-02) medical treatment protocol — Directive issued by competent military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States medical forces will initiate medical care and support to those individuals that are not Department of Defense health care beneficiaries or designated eligible for care in a military medical treatment facility by the Secretary of Defense. (JP 4-02) medium-range ballistic missile — A ballistic missile with a range capability from about 600 to 1,500 nautical miles. Also called MRBM. (JP 3-01) mensuration — The process of measurement of a feature or location on the Earth to determine an absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation. (JP 3-60) message — 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication. (JP 6-0) Terms and Definitions 151 2. A narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a specific theme. Also called MSG. (JP 3-61) meteorological and oceanographic — A term used to convey all environmental factors, from the sub-bottom of the Earth’s oceans through maritime, land areas, airspace, ionosphere, and outward into space. Also called METOC. (JP 3-59) meteorological and oceanographic assessment — The assimilation of climatology, current and predictive meteorological and oceanographic conditions, and knowledge on limiting thresholds for friendly and adversary military capabilities; tactics, techniques, and procedures; mission profiles; and weapon systems into a tailored product for planning and decision-making processes. (JP 3-59) meteorological and oceanographic data — Measurements or observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables. (JP 3-59) meteorological and oceanographic information — Actionable information to include meteorological, climatological, oceanographic, and space environment observations, analyses, prognostic data or products, and meteorological and oceanographic effects. (JP 3-59) meteorology — The study dealing with the phenomena of the atmosphere including the physics, chemistry, and dynamics extending to the effects of the atmosphere on the Earth’s surface and the oceans. (JP 3-59) midcourse phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile between the boost phase and the terminal phase. See also boost phase; terminal phase. (JP 3-01) migrant — A person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross national boundaries, or (2) has fled his or her native country for economic reasons rather than fear of political or ethnic persecution. (JP 3-29) military assistance advisory group — A joint Service group, normally under the military command of a commander of a unified command and representing the Secretary of Defense, which primarily administers the United States military assistance planning and programming in the host nation. (JP 3-22) military construction — Any construction, alteration, development, conversion, or extension of any kind carried out with respect to a military installation. Also called MILCON. (JP 3-34) military deception — Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC. (JP 3-13.4) Terms and Definitions 152 Military Department — One of the departments within the Department of Defense created by the National Security Act of 1947, which are the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force. Also called MILDEP. See also Department of the Air Force; Department of the Army; Department of the Navy. (JP 1) military engagement — Routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation’s armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0) military government — The supreme authority the military exercises by force or agreement over the lands, property, and indigenous populations and institutions of domestic, allied, neutral, or enemy territory, therefore, substituting sovereign authority under rule of law for the previously established government. (JP 3-57) Military Health System — Provides direction, resources, health care providers, and other means necessary to foster, protect, sustain, and restore health to Service members and other beneficiaries. Also called MHS. (JP 4-02) military information support operations — Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator’s objectives. Also called MISO. (JP 3-13.2) Military Intelligence Board — A decision-making forum which formulates Department of Defense intelligence policy and programming priorities. Also called MIB. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) military intervention — The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to introduce its military forces into the course of an existing controversy. (JP 3-0) military occupation — A condition in which territory is under the effective control of a foreign armed force. (JP 3-0) Military Postal Service — The command, organization, personnel, and facilities established to provide a means for the transmission of mail to and from the Department of Defense, members of the United States Armed Forces, and other authorized agencies and individuals. Also called MPS. (JP 1-0) Military Postal Service Agency — The single manager operating agency established to manage the Military Postal Service. Also called MPSA. (JP 1-0) Terms and Definitions 153 military post office — A branch of a designated United States-based post office established by United States Postal Service authority and operated by one of the Services. Also called MPO. (JP 1-0) Military Sealift Command — A major command of the United States Navy reporting to Commander Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command’s component command responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy United States forces on a global basis. Also called MSC. See also transportation component command. (JP 4-01.2) Military Sealift Command force — Common-user sealift consisting of three subsets: the Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force, common-user ocean transportation, and the special mission support force. See also common-user sealift; Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2) military source operations — The collection, from, by and/or via humans, of foreign and military and military-related intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) military specification container — A container that meets specific written standards. Also called MILSPEC container. (JP 4-09) military standard requisitioning and issue procedure — A uniform procedure established by the Department of Defense for use within the Department of Defense to govern requisition and issue of materiel within standardized priorities. Also called MILSTRIP. (JP 4-01) military standard transportation and movement procedures — Uniform and standard transportation data, documentation, and control procedures applicable to all cargo movements in the Department of Defense transportation system. Also called MILSTAMP. (JP 4-01.5) military technician — A Federal civilian employee providing full-time support to a National Guard, Reserve, or Active Component organization for administration, training, and maintenance of the Selected Reserve. Also called MILTECH. (CJCSM 3150.13) mine — 1.In land mine warfare, a munition placed under, on or near the ground or other surface area and designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle. 2. In naval mine warfare, an explosive device laid in the water with the intention of damaging or sinking ships or of deterring shipping from entering an area. See also mine warfare. (JP 3-15) mine countermeasures — All methods for preventing or reducing damage or danger from mines. Also called MCM. (JP 3-15) Terms and Definitions 154 minefield — 1. In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. 2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with or without a pattern. See also mine; mine warfare. (JP 3-15) minefield record — A complete written record of all pertinent information concerning a minefield, submitted on a standard form by the officer in charge of the emplacement operations. (JP 3-15) minefield report — An oral, electronic, or written communication concerning mining activities (friendly or enemy) submitted in a standard format by the fastest secure means available. (JP 3-15) minehunting — Employment of air, surface, or subsurface sensor and neutralization systems to locate and dispose of individual mines in a known field, or to verify the presence or absence of mines in a given area. See also minesweeping. (JP 3-15) minesweeping — The technique of clearing mines using either mechanical sweeping to remove, disturb, or otherwise neutralize the mine; explosive sweeping to cause sympathetic detonations, damage, or displace the mine; or influence sweeping to produce either the acoustic or magnetic influence required to detonate the mine. See also minehunting. (JP 3-15) mine warfare — The strategic, operational, and tactical use of mines and mine countermeasures either by emplacing mines to degrade the enemy’s capabilities to wage land, air, and maritime warfare or by countering of enemy-emplaced mines to permit friendly maneuver or use of selected land or sea areas. Also called MIW. (JP 3-15) minimize — A condition wherein normal message and telephone traffic is drastically reduced in order that messages connected with an actual or simulated emergency shall not be delayed. (JP 6-0) minimum force — Those minimum actions, including the use of armed force, sufficient to bring a situation under control or to defend against a hostile act or hostile intent, where the firing of weapons is to be considered as a means of last resort. (JP 3-07.3) minimum-risk route — A temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to low- flying aircraft transiting the combat zone. Also called MRR. (JP 3-52) missile defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called MD. (JP 3-01) missile engagement zone — In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with surface-to-air missile systems. Also called MEZ. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 155 mission — 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore. (JP 3-0) 2. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task. (JP 3-0) 3. The dispatching of one or more aircraft to accomplish one particular task. (JP 3-30) mission assignment — The vehicle used by the Department of Homeland Security/Emergency Preparedness and Response/Federal Emergency Management Agency to support federal operations in a declared Stafford Act major disaster or emergency declaration that orders immediate, short-term emergency response assistance when an applicable state or local government is overwhelmed by the event and lacks the capability to perform, or contract for, the necessary work. (JP 3-28) mission command — The conduct of military operations through decentralized execution based upon mission-type orders. (JP 3-31) mission-oriented protective posture — A flexible system of protection against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination in which personnel are required to wear only that protective clothing and equipment appropriate to the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called MOPP. See also mission-oriented protective posture gear. (JP 3-11) mission-oriented protective posture gear — Military term for individual protective equipment, including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and decontamination kits, issued to authorized personnel. Also called MOPP gear. See also decontamination; mission-oriented protective posture. (JP 3-11) mission statement — A short sentence or paragraph that describes the organization’s essential task(s), purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, where, and why. See also mission. (JP 5-0) mission type order — 1. An order issued to a lower unit that includes the accomplishment of the total mission assigned to the higher headquarters. 2. An order to a unit to perform a mission without specifying how it is to be accomplished. (JP 3-50) mobile security force — A highly mobile and dedicated security force with the capability to defeat Level I and II threats in a joint security area. Also called MSF. (JP 3-10) mobility — A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from place to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-17) mobility air forces — Air components and Service components that are assigned and/or routinely exercise command authority over mobility operations. Also called MAF. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 156 mobility corridor — Areas that are relatively free of obstacles where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions allowing military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed. (JP 2-01.3) mobilization — 1. The process of assembling and organizing national resources to support national objectives in time of war or other emergencies. See also industrial mobilization. 2. The process by which the Armed Forces of the United States, or part of them, are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency. Also called MOB. (JP 4-05) mobilization base — The total of all resources available, or that can be made available, to meet foreseeable wartime needs. (JP 4-05) mobilization site — The designated location where a Reserve Component unit or individual mobilizes or moves after mobilization for further processing, training, and employment. See also mobilization; mobilization station; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) mobilization station — The designated military installation to which a Reserve Component unit or individual is moved for further processing, organizing, equipping, training, and employment and from which the unit or individual may move to an aerial port of embarkation or seaport of embarkation. See also mobilization; mobilization site; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) mode of transport — One of, or a combination of, the following modes used for a movement: a. inland surface transportation (rail, road, and inland waterway); b. sea transport (coastal and ocean); c. air transportation; and d. pipelines. (JP 4-09) Modernized Integrated Database — The national-level repository for the general military intelligence available to the entire Department of Defense Intelligence Information System community and, through Global Command and Control System integrated imagery and intelligence, to tactical units. Also called MIDB. (JP 2-01) modified combined obstacle overlay — A joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational environment, such as obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and military objectives. Also called MCOO. See also joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) moored mine — A contact or influence-operated mine of positive buoyancy held below the surface by a mooring attached to a sinker or anchor on the bottom. See also mine. (JP 3-15) morale, welfare, and recreation — The merging of multiple unconnected disciplines into programs that improve unit readiness, promote fitness, build unit morale and cohesion, enhance quality of life, and provide recreational, social, and other support services. Also called MWR. (JP 1-0) Terms and Definitions 157 mortuary affairs — Provides for the search for, recovery, identification, preparation, and disposition of human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by status and executive order. Also called MA. See also joint mortuary affairs office. (JP 4-06) mounting —1. All preparations made in anticipation of an operation, including assembly in the mounting area; preparation and maintenance within the mounting area; movement to loading points; and subsequent embarkation into ships, craft, or aircraft if applicable. 2. A carriage or stand upon which a weapon is placed. (JP 3-02) mounting area — A general locality where assigned forces of an amphibious or airborne operation, with their equipment, are assembled, prepared, and loaded in ships and/or aircraft preparatory to an assault. See also embarkation area. (JP 3-02) movement control — The planning, routing, scheduling, and control of personnel and cargo movements over lines of communications; includes maintaining in-transit visibility of forces and material through the deployment and/or redeployment process. See also line of communications; movement control teams; non-unit cargo; non-unit-related personnel. (JP 4-01.5) movement control team — An Army team used to decentralize the execution of movement responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes. Also called MCT. (JP 4-09) movement data — Those essential elements of information to schedule lift, obtain transportation assets, manage movement of forces, and report in-transit visibility of movements and associated forces (people, equipment, and supplies). (JP 4-09) movement group — Those ships and embarked units that load out and proceed to rendezvous in the objective area. (JP 3-02) movement phase — In amphibious operations, the period during which various elements of the amphibious force move from points of embarkation or forward-deployed locations to the objective area. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) movement plan — In amphibious operations, the naval plan providing for the movement of the amphibious task force to the objective area. See also amphibious operation; amphibious task force. (JP 3-02) movement requirement — A stated movement mode and time-phased need for the transport of units, personnel, and/or materiel from a specified origin to a specified destination. (JP 4-09) movement schedule — A timetable developed to monitor or track the movement of a separate entity, whether it is a force requirement, cargo or personnel increment, or lift Terms and Definitions 158 asset, that reflects the assignment of specific lift resources, shows a flow and workload at each location, and supports plan implementation. (JP 4-09) movement table — A table giving detailed instructions or data for a move. (JP 4-09) movement to contact — A form of the offense designed to develop the situation and to establish or regain contact. (JP 3-50) multinational — Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more nations or coalition partners. See also alliance. (JP 5-0) multinational doctrine — The agreed upon fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common objective. See also joint doctrine. (JP 3-16) multinational force — A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose. Also called MNF. See also multinational force commander; multinational operations. (JP 1) multinational force commander — A general term applied to a commander who exercises command authority over a military force composed of elements from two or more nations. Also called MNFC. See also multinational force. (JP 3-16) multinational integrated logistic unit — An organization resulting when two or more nations agree to provide logistics assets to a multinational logistic force under the operational control of a multinational commander for the logistic support of a multinational force. Also called MILU. See also logistic support; multinational. (JP 4-08) multinational logistics — Any coordinated logistic activity involving two or more nations supporting a multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of an alliance or coalition, including those conducted under United Nations mandate. Also called MNL. See also logistics; multinational. (JP 4-08) multinational operations — A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance. See also alliance. (JP 3-16) multinational staff — A staff composed of personnel of two or more nations within the structure of a coalition or alliance. See also integrated staff; joint staff. (JP 3-16) multipoint refueling system — KC-135 aircraft equipped with external wing-mounted pods to conduct drogue air refueling, while still maintaining boom air refueling capability on the same mission. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 159 multi-Service publication — A publication containing principles, terms, tactics, techniques, and procedures used and approved by the forces of two or more Services to perform a common military function consistent with approved joint doctrine. (CJCSM 5120.01) multispot ship — Those ships certified to have two or more adjacent landing areas. See also spot. (JP 3-04) munition — A complete device charged with explosives; propellants; pyrotechnics; initiating composition; or chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear material for use in operations including demolitions. (JP 3-42) munitions effectiveness assessment — The assessment of the military force applied in terms of the weapon system and munitions effectiveness to determine and recommend any required changes to the methodology, tactics, weapon system, munitions, fusing, and/or weapon delivery parameters to increase force effectiveness. Also called MEA. See also assessment; battle damage assessment. (JP 2-01) mutual support — That support which units render each other against an enemy, because of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities. See also close support; direct support; support. (JP 3-31) Terms and Definitions 160 Intentionally Blank 161 N named area of interest — The geospatial area or systems node or link against which information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected, usually to capture indications of adversary courses of action. Also called NAI. See also area of interest. (JP 2-01.3) narcoterrorism — Terrorism that is linked to illicit drug trafficking. (JP 3-07.4) National Capital Region — A geographic area encompassing the District of Columbia and 11 local jurisdictions in the State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Virginia. Also called NCR. (JP 3-28) National Communications System — The telecommunications system that results from the technical and operational integration of the separate telecommunications systems of the several executive branch departments and agencies having a significant telecommunications capability. Also called NCS. (JP 6-0) National Defense Reserve Fleet — 1. Including the Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force, a fleet composed of ships acquired and maintained by the Maritime Administration for use in mobilization or emergency. 2. Less the Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force, a fleet composed of the older dry cargo ships, tankers, troop transports, and other assets in Maritime Administration’s custody that are maintained at a relatively low level of readiness. Also called NDRF. See also Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force. (JP 4-01.2) National Detainee Reporting Center — The national-level center that accounts for all persons who pass through the care, custody, and control of the Department of Defense and that obtains and stores information concerning detainees and their confiscated personal property. Also called NDRC. (JP 3-63) National Disaster Medical System — A federally coordinated medical system, augmenting the United States’ medical response capability to assist state, local, and tribal authorities in dealing with medical impacts during major peacetime disasters. Also called NDMS. (JP 3-41) national emergency — A condition declared by the President or Congress by virtue of powers previously vested in them that authorize certain emergency actions to be undertaken in the national interest. See also mobilization. (JP 3-28) National Incident Management System — A national crisis response system that provides a consistent, nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity. Also called NIMS. (JP 3-41) Terms and Definitions 162 national intelligence — All intelligence that pertains to more than one agency and involves threats to the United States, its people, property, or interests; the development, proliferation, or use of weapons of mass destruction; or any other matter bearing on United States national or homeland security. (JP 2-01) National Military Command System — The priority component of the Global Command and Control System designed to support the President, Secretary of Defense, and Joint Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities. Also called NMCS. (JP 6-0) national military strategy — A document approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and Defense Strategic Guidance objectives. Also called NMS. See also national security strategy; strategy; theater strategy. (JP 1) national operations center — The primary national hub for domestic incident management operational coordination and shared situational awareness. Also called NOC. (JP 3-28) national policy — A broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by the government at the national level in pursuit of national objectives. (JP 1) national preparedness — Actions taken to plan, organize, equip, train, and exercise to build and sustain the capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, mitigate the effects of, respond to, and recover from those threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the nation. (JP 3-27) national security — A collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States with the purpose of gaining: a. A military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; b. A favorable foreign relations position; or c. A defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. See also security. (JP 1) National Security Council — A governmental body specifically designed to assist the President in integrating all spheres of national security policy. Also called NSC. (JP 1) national security interests — The foundation for the development of valid national objectives that define United States goals or purposes. (JP 1) national security space — The space-related systems, services, capabilities, and associated information networks of the Department of Defense and the national intelligence community, or other space-related systems that the Secretary of Defense may designate as national security space systems in coordination with the system owner, that support United States national security and enable defense and intelligence operations during times of peace, crisis, or conflict. (DODD 3100.10) national security strategy — A document approved by the President of the United States for developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve Terms and Definitions 163 objectives that contribute to national security. Also called NSS. See also national military strategy; strategy; theater strategy. (JP 1) national shipping authority — The organization within each Allied government responsible in time of war for the direction of its own merchant shipping. Also called NSA. (JP 4-01.2) national special security event — A designated event that, by virtue of its political, economic, social, or religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other criminal activity. Also called NSSE. (JP 3-28) national stock number — The 13-digit number that identifies a stock item consisting of the 4-digit federal supply classification code plus the 9-digit national item identification number and arranged as follows: 9999-00-999-9999. Also called NSN. (JP 4-09) national support element — Any national organization or activity that supports national forces that are a part of a multinational force. See also multinational force; support. (JP 1) National System for Geospatial Intelligence — The combination of technology, policies, capabilities, doctrine, activities, people, data, and organizations necessary to produce geospatial intelligence in an integrated, multi-intelligence environment. Also called NSG. (JP 2-03) natural disaster — An emergency situation posing significant danger to life and property that results from a natural cause. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-29) naval advanced logistic support site — An overseas location used as the primary transshipment point in the theater of operations for logistic support. Also called NALSS. See also logistic support; naval forward logistic site; support; theater of operations. (JP 3-35) Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization manual — Series of general and specific aircraft procedural manuals that govern the operations of naval aircraft. Also called NATOPS manual. (JP 3-04) naval beach group — A permanently organized naval command within an amphibious force, composed of a commander and staff, a beachmaster unit, an amphibious construction battalion, and assault craft units, designed to provide an administrative group from which required naval tactical components may be made available to the amphibious task force commander and to the amphibious landing force commander. Also called NBG. See also shore party. (JP 3-02) naval construction force — The combined construction units of the Navy that are part of the operating forces and represent the Navy’s capability for advanced base construction. Also called NCF. (JP 3-34) Terms and Definitions 164 naval forward logistic site — An overseas location, with port and airfield facilities nearby, which provides logistic support to naval forces within the theater of operations during major contingency and wartime periods. Also called NFLS. See also logistic support; naval advanced logistic support site; staging. (JP 3-35) naval gunfire support — Fire provided by Navy surface gun systems in support of a unit or units tasked with achieving the commander’s objectives. Also called NGFS. See also naval surface fire support. (JP 3-09) naval operation — 1. A naval action (or the performance of a naval mission) that may be strategic, operational, tactical, logistic, or training. 2. The process of carrying on or training for naval combat to gain the objectives of any battle or campaign. (JP 3-32) naval special warfare — A naval warfare specialty that conducts special operations with an emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments using small, flexible, mobile units operating under, on, and from the sea. Also called NSW. (JP 3-05) naval special warfare group — A permanent Navy echelon III major command to which most naval special warfare forces are assigned for some operational and all administrative purposes. (JP 3-05) naval special warfare task group — A provisional naval special warfare organization that plans, conducts, and supports special operations in support of fleet commanders and joint force special operations component commanders. Also called NSWTG. (JP 3-05) naval special warfare task unit — A provisional subordinate unit of a naval special warfare task group. Also called NSWTU. See also naval special warfare task group. (JP 3-05) naval surface fire support — Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in support of a unit or units. Also called NSFS. See also fire support. (JP 3-09.3) navigation warfare — Deliberate defensive and offensive action to assure and prevent positioning, navigation, and timing information through coordinated employment of space, cyberspace, and electronic warfare operations. Also called NAVWAR. (JP 3-14) Navy cargo-handling battalion — A mobile logistic support unit that is organized, trained, and equipped to: a. load and off-load Navy and Marine Corps cargo carried in maritime pre-positioning ships and merchant breakbulk or container ships in all environments, b. operate an associated temporary ocean cargo terminal, c. load and off-load Navy and Marine Corps cargo carried in military-controlled aircraft, and d. operate an associated expeditionary air cargo terminal. Also called NCHB. See also maritime pre- positioning ships. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 165 Navy expeditionary logistics support group — A Navy Reserve command organized and staffed to provide a wide range of supply and transportation support critical for peacetime support, crisis response, humanitarian, and combat service support missions. Also called NAVELSG. (JP 4-01.6) Navy special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Navy forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called NAVSOF. (JP 3-05) Navy support element — The maritime pre-positioning force element that is tasked to conduct the off-load and ship-to-shore movement of maritime pre-positioned equipment and/or supplies. Also called NSE. (JP 3-02) Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft — Combatant commander-controlled airlift assets deemed essential for providing air transportation in support of naval operations’ transportation requirements. Also called NUFEA. (JP 3-17) need to know — A criterion used in security procedures that requires the custodians of classified information to establish, prior to disclosure, that the intended recipient must have access to the information to perform his or her official duties. (JP 2-01.2) negation — In space operations, measures to deceive, disrupt, degrade, deny, or destroy space systems. See also space control. (JP 3-14) nerve agent — A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses. (JP 3-11) net explosive weight — The actual weight in pounds of explosive mixtures or compounds, including the trinitrotoluene equivalent of energetic material, that is used in determination of explosive limits and explosive quantity data arcs. Also called NEW. (JP 4-09) networked munitions — Remotely controlled, interconnected, weapons systems designed to provide rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means. (JP 3-15) network engagement — Interactions with friendly, neutral, and threat networks, conducted continuously and simultaneously at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels, to help achieve the commander’s objectives within an operational area. (JP 3-25) neutral — In combat and combat support operations, an identity applied to a track whose characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor opposing friendly forces. See also suspect; unknown. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 166 neutrality — In international law, the attitude of impartiality during periods of war adopted by third states toward a belligerent and subsequently recognized by the belligerent, which creates rights and duties between the impartial states and the belligerent. (JP 3-0) neutralize — 1. As pertains to military operations, to render ineffective or unusable. 2. To render enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. 3. To render safe mines, bombs, missiles, and booby traps. 4. To make harmless anything contaminated with a chemical agent. (JP 3-0) night vision device — Any electro-optical device that is used to detect visible and infrared energy and provide a visible image. Also called NVD. See also forward-looking infrared; night vision goggle. (JP 3-09.3) night vision goggle — An electro-optical image intensifying device that detects visible and near-infrared energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night viewing. Also called NVG. See also night vision device. (JP 3-09.3) node — 1. A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, processed for onward movement, or terminated. (JP 3-17) 2. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and gateway access services to support information exchange. (JP 6-0) 3. An element of a system that represents a person, place, or physical thing. (JP 3-0) no-fire area — An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited. Also called NFA. See also fires. (JP 3-09.3) nonappropriated funds — Funds generated by Department of Defense personnel and their dependents used to augment funds appropriated by the Congress to provide a comprehensive, morale-building welfare, religious, educational, and recreational programs. Also called NAF. (JP 1-0) nonbattle injury — A person who becomes a casualty due to circumstances not directly attributable to hostile action or terrorist activity. Also called NBI. (JP 4-02) noncombatant evacuation operation — An operation whereby noncombatant evacuees are evacuated from a threatened area abroad, which includes areas facing actual or potential danger from natural or manmade disaster, civil unrest, imminent or actual terrorist activities, hostilities, and similar circumstances, that is carried out with the assistance of the Department of Defense. Also called NEO. See also evacuation; noncombatant evacuees; operation; safe haven. (JP 3-68) noncombatant evacuation operation tracking system — An automated data processing hardware and software package that has the capability to provide evacuee in-transit visibility to combatant commanders and senior leadership during the conduct of a noncombatant evacuation operation. Also called NTS. (JP 3-68) Terms and Definitions 167 noncombatant evacuees — 1. United States citizens who may be ordered to evacuate by competent authority, and who are civilian employees of all agencies of the United States Government and their dependents, excepting dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States. 2. United States citizens and non-United States citizens who may be authorized or assisted to evacuate by competent authority, and who are civilian employees of United States Government agencies and their dependents who are residents in the country concerned of their own volition, but express the willingness to be evacuated; private United States citizens and their dependents; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States and their dependents; and designated personnel, including dependents of persons ordered to evacuate, as prescribed by the Department of State. See also noncombatant evacuation operation. (JP 3-68) nonconventional assisted recovery — Personnel recovery conducted by indigenous/surrogate personnel that are trained, supported, and led by special operations forces, unconventional warfare ground and maritime forces, or other government agencies’ personnel that have been specifically trained and directed to establish and operate indigenous or surrogate infrastructures. Also called NAR. (JP 3-50) nondestructive electronic warfare — Those electronic warfare actions, not including employment of wartime reserve modes, that deny, disrupt, or deceive rather than damage or destroy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) nongovernmental organization — A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. Also called NGO. (JP 3-08) nonlethal reference point — A point that designates the intended target for creating nonlethal effects, which may not be a precise physical location and is considered an aimpoint for databasing. Also called NLRP. (JP 3-60) nonlethal weapon — Weapon, device, or munition that is explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the target area or environment. Also called NLW. (JP 3-28) nonpersistent agent — A chemical agent that, when released, dissipates and/or loses its ability to cause casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 3-11) Terms and Definitions 168 nonpersistent mine — Mine that remains active for a predetermined period of time until self-destruction, self-neutralization, or self-deactivation renders the mine inactive. (JP 3-15) nonproliferation — Actions to prevent the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and expertise. See also counterproliferation. (JP 3-40) nonscheduled units — Units of the landing force held in readiness for landing during the initial unloading period but not included in either scheduled or on-call waves. (JP 3-02) non-unit cargo — All equipment and supplies requiring transportation to an operational area, other than those identified as the equipment or accompanying supplies of a specific unit. (JP 4-01.5). non-unit-related personnel — All personnel requiring transportation to or from an operational area, other than those assigned to a specific unit. Also called NRP. (JP 1-0) no-strike list — A list of objects or entities characterized as protected from the effects of military operations under international law and/or rules of engagement. Also called NSL. See also law of armed conflict. (JP 3-60) not mission capable, supply — Material condition indicating that systems and equipment are not capable of performing any of their assigned missions because of maintenance work stoppage due to a supply shortage. Also called NMCS. (JP 4-09) nuclear hazard — Dangers associated with the blast, thermal, and radiation effects from nuclear explosion. (JP 3-11) nuclear incident — An unexpected incident involving a nuclear weapon, facility, or component, but not constituting a nuclear weapon(s) accident, resulting in any of the following: a. an increase in the possibility of explosion or radioactive contamination; b. errors committed in the assembly, testing, loading, or transportation of equipment, and/or the malfunctioning of equipment and materiel which could lead to an unintentional operation of all or part of the weapon arming and/or firing sequence, or which could lead to a substantial change in yield, or increased dud probability; and c. any act of God, unfavorable environment, or condition resulting in damage to the weapon, facility, or component. (JP 3-41) nuisance minefield — A minefield laid to delay and disorganize the enemy and to hinder the use of an area or route. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) Terms and Definitions 169 numbered beach — In amphibious operations, a subdivision of a colored beach designated for the assault landing of a battalion landing team, or similar-sized unit, when landed as part of a larger force. (JP 3-02) numbered fleet — A major tactical unit of the Navy immediately subordinate to a major fleet command and comprising various task forces, elements, groups, and units for the purpose of prosecuting specific naval operations. See also fleet. (JP 3-32) Terms and Definitions 170 Intentionally Blank 171 O object-based production — The intelligence communities’ framework for organizing and sharing information, relating data from all sources to known objects (e.g., units, people, locations, or events). Also called OBP. (JP 2-03) objective — 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which an operation is directed. 2. The specific goal of the action taken which is essential to the commander’s plan. See also target. (JP 5-0) objective area — A geographical area, defined by competent authority, within which is located an objective to be captured or reached by the military forces. Also called OA. (JP 3-06) observable — In military deception, the detectable result of the combination of an indicator within an adversary’s conduit intended to cause action or inaction by the deception target. (JP 3-13.4) obstacle — Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) obstacle belt — A brigade-level command and control measure, normally depicted graphically, to show where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) obstacle clearing — The total elimination or neutralization of obstacles. (JP 3-15) obstacle restricted areas — A command and control measure used to limit the type or number of obstacles within an area. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) obstacle zone — A division-level command and control measure to designate specific land areas where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) oceanography — The study of the sea, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining to the sea and its physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of seawater, and marine biology. (JP 3-59) offensive counterair — Offensive operations to destroy or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. See also counterair; defensive counterair; operation. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 172 offensive counterair attack operations — Offensive action by any part of the joint force in support of the offensive counterair mission against surface targets which contribute to the enemy’s air and missile capabilities. Also called OCA attack operations. See also counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01) offensive counterintelligence operation — A counterintelligence activity conducted to support Department of Defense and national intelligence, operational, and contingency requirements, using a formally-recruited asset or notional persona, to develop information on, and provide information, materials, or equipment to, a foreign intelligence entity to penetrate the foreign intelligence entity or exploit, disrupt, or manipulate the target in order to counter terrorism, espionage, or other clandestine intelligence activities that threaten the security of the Department of Defense or the United States. Also called OFCO. (JP 2-01.2) offensive cyberspace operations — Missions intended to project power in and through cyberspace. Also called OCO. (JP 3-12) offensive space control — Offensive operations conducted for space negation. Also called OSC. (JP 3-14) office — An enduring organization that is formed around a specific function within a headquarters to coordinate and manage support requirements. (JP 3-33) officer in tactical command — In maritime usage, the senior officer present eligible to assume command, or the officer to whom the senior officer has delegated tactical command. Also called OTC. (JP 3-32) officer of the deck — 1. When underway, the officer designated by the commanding officer to be in charge of the ship, including its safe and proper operation. 2. When in port or at anchor, the officer of the deck is designated by the command duty officer, has similar responsibilities, and may be enlisted. Also called OOD. (JP 3-04) official information — Information that is owned by, produced for or by, or is subject to the control of the United States Government. (JP 3-61) offset costs — Costs for which funds have been appropriated that may not be incurred as a result of a contingency operation. See also contingency operation. (JP 1-06) offshore bulk fuel system — The system used for transferring fuel from points offshore to reception facilities on the beach. Also called OBFS. See also amphibious bulk liquid transfer system; offshore petroleum discharge system. (JP 4-01.6) offshore petroleum discharge system — Provides bulk transfer of petroleum directly from an offshore tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high watermark. Also called OPDS. See also facility; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; single-anchor leg mooring. (JP 4-03) Terms and Definitions 173 off-the-shelf item — An item that has been developed and produced to military or commercial standards and specifications, is readily available for delivery from an industrial source, and may be procured without change to satisfy a military requirement. (JP 4-10) on-call — 1. A term used to signify that a prearranged concentration, air strike, or final protective fire may be called for. 2. Preplanned, identified force or materiel requirements without designated time-phase and destination information. (JP 3-01) on-call target — Planned target upon which fires or other actions are determined using deliberate targeting and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. See also dynamic targeting; on-call; operational area; planned target; target. (JP 3-60) on hand — The quantity of an item that is physically available in a storage location and contained in the accountable property book records of an issuing activity. (JP 4-09) on-scene commander — 1. An individual in the immediate vicinity of an isolating event who temporarily assumes command of the incident. 2. The federal officer designated to direct federal crisis and consequence management efforts at the scene of a terrorist or weapons of mass destruction incident. Also called OSC. (JP 3-50) on-station time — The time an aircraft can remain on station, which may be determined by endurance or orders. (JP 3-50) open ocean — Ocean limit defined as greater than 12 nautical miles from shore. See also contiguous zone. (JP 3-32) open-source information — Information that any member of the public could lawfully obtain by request or observation as well as other unclassified information that has limited public distribution or access. (JP 2-0) open-source intelligence — Relevant information derived from the systematic collection, processing, and analysis of publicly available information in response to known or anticipated intelligence requirements. Also called OSINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) operating stocks — Fuel required to sustain daily operations and ensure fuel availability to support United States military forces worldwide. Also called OS. (JP 4-03) operation — 1. A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. (JP 1) 2. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, training, or administrative military mission. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 174 operational access — The ability to project military force into an operational area with sufficient freedom of action to accomplish the mission. (JP 3-0) operational approach — A broad description of the mission, operational concepts, tasks, and actions required to accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0) operational area — An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms (such as area of responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted. Also called OA. See also amphibious objective area; area of operations; area of responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations area; theater of operations; theater of war. (JP 3-0) operational art — The cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means. (JP 3-0) operational characteristics — Those military characteristics that pertain primarily to the functions to be performed by equipment, either alone or in conjunction with other equipment; e.g., for electronic equipment, operational characteristics include such items as frequency coverage, channeling, type of modulation, and character of emission. (JP 5-0) operational contract support — The process of planning for and obtaining supplies, services, and construction from commercial sources in support of joint operations. Also called OCS. (JP 4-10) operational contract support integration cell — A cell established to coordinate, and integrate operational contract support actions across all primary and special staffs for an operational area. Also called OCSIC. (JP 4-10) operational control — The authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Also called OPCON. See also combatant command; combatant command (command authority); tactical control. (JP 1) operational control authority — The naval commander responsible within a specified geographical area for the naval control of all merchant shipping under Allied naval control. Also called OCA. (JP 3-15) operational decontamination — Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or a unit, restricted to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel, and/or working areas, to minimize contact and transfer hazards and to sustain operations. See also decontamination; immediate decontamination; thorough decontamination. (JP 3-11) Terms and Definitions 175 operational design — The conception and construction of the framework that underpins a campaign or operation plan or order. See also campaign; major operation. (JP 5-0) operational energy — The energy required for training, moving, and sustaining military forces and weapons platforms for military operations. (JP 4-0) operational environment — A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Also called OE. (JP 3-0) operational exposure guidance — The maximum amount of nuclear/external ionizing radiation that the commander considers a unit may be permitted to receive while performing a particular mission or missions. Also called OEG. See also radiation exposure status. (JP 3-11) operational intelligence — Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or operational areas. See also intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence. (JP 2-0) operational level of warfare — The level of warfare at which campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas. See also strategic level of warfare; tactical level of warfare. (JP 3-0) operational necessity — A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify the risk of loss of aircraft and crew. See also mission. (JP 3-02) operational pause — A temporary halt in operations. (JP 5-0) operational preparation of the environment — The conduct of activities in likely or potential areas of operations to prepare and shape the operational environment. Also called OPE. (JP 3-05) operational reach — The distance and duration across which a force can successfully employ military capabilities. (JP 3-0) operational readiness — The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapon system, or equipment to perform the missions or functions for which it is organized or designed. Also called OR. (JP 1-0) operational support airlift — Airlift movements of high-priority passengers and cargo with time, place, or mission-sensitive requirements. Also called OSA. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 176 operation and maintenance — Maintenance and repair of real property, operation of utilities, and provision of other services such as refuse collection and disposal, entomology, snow removal, and ice alleviation. Also called O&M. (JP 3-34) operation assessment — 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing capabilities during military operations in achieving stated objectives. 2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. (JP 5-0) operation order — A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. (JP 5-0) operation plan — A complete and detailed plan containing a full description of the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time-phased force and deployment list. Also called OPLAN. See also operation order. (JP 5-0) operations center — The facility or location on an installation, base, or facility used by the commander to command, control, and coordinate all operational activities. Also called OC. See also base defense operations center. (JP 3-07.2) operations research — The analytical study of military problems undertaken to provide responsible commanders and staff agencies with a scientific basis for decision on action to improve military operations. Also called operational research; operations analysis. (JP 3-31) operations security — A capability that identifies and controls critical information, indicators of friendly force actions attendant to military operations, and incorporates countermeasures to reduce the risk of an adversary exploiting vulnerabilities. Also called OPSEC. See also operations security indicators; operations security measures; operations security planning guidance; operations security vulnerability. (JP 3-13.3) operations security assessment — An evaluative process to determine the likelihood that critical information can be protected from the adversary’s intelligence. (JP 3-13.3) operations security countermeasures — Methods and means to gain and maintain essential secrecy about critical information. (JP 3-13.3) operations security indicators — Friendly detectable actions and open-source information that can be interpreted or pieced together by an adversary to derive critical information. (JP 3-13.3) operations security planning guidance — Guidance that defines the critical information requiring protection from the adversary and outlines provisional measures to ensure secrecy. (JP 3-13.3) Terms and Definitions 177 operations security survey — A collection effort by a team of subject matter experts to reproduce the intelligence image projected by a specific operation or function simulating hostile intelligence processes. (JP 3-13.3) operations security vulnerability — A condition in which friendly actions provide operations security indicators that may be obtained and accurately evaluated by an adversary in time to provide a basis for effective adversary decision making. (JP 3-13.3) operations support element — An element that conducts all administrative, operations support, and services support functions within the counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element of an intelligence directorate. Also called OSE. (JP 2-01.2) ordered departure — 1. A procedure by which the number of United States Government personnel, their dependents, or both are reduced at a foreign service post. 2. Mandatory departure of some or all categories of personnel and dependents to designated safe havens as directed by the Department of State, with the implementation of the theater evacuation plan. (JP 3-68) order of battle — The identification, strength, command structure, and disposition of the personnel, units, and equipment of any military force. Also called OB; OOB. (JP 2-01.3) ordnance — Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and ammunition, flares, smoke, or napalm. (JP 3-15) ordnance handling — Applies to those individuals who engage in the breakout, lifting, or repositioning of ordnance or explosive devices in order to facilitate storage or stowage, assembly or disassembly, loading or downloading, or transporting. (JP 3-04) organic — Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization as listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the operating forces for the Navy. (JP 1) organization for combat — In amphibious operations, task organization of landing force units for combat, involving combinations of command, ground and aviation combat, combat support, and combat service support units, for accomplishment of missions ashore. See also amphibious operation; task organization. (JP 3-02) organization for embarkation — In amphibious operations, an organization consisting of temporary landing force task organizations established by the commander, landing force, and a temporary organization of Navy forces established by the commander, amphibious task force, for the purpose of simplifying planning and facilitating the execution of embarkation. See also amphibious operation; embarkation; landing force; task organization. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 178 organization for landing — In amphibious operations, the specific tactical grouping of the landing force for the assault. (JP 3-02) Organized Crime and Drug Enforcement Task Force — The network of regional task forces that coordinates federal law enforcement efforts to combat the national and international organizations that cultivate, process, and distribute illicit drugs. Also called OCDETF. (JP 3-07.4) originating medical treatment facility — A medical facility that initially transfers a patient to another medical facility. (JP 4-02) originator — The command by whose authority a message is sent, which includes the responsibility for the functions of the drafter and the releasing officer. (JP 2-01) oscillating mine — A hydrostatically controlled mine that maintains a pre-set depth below the surface of the water independent of the rise and fall of the tide. See also mine. (JP 3-15) outer transport area — In amphibious operations, an area inside the antisubmarine screen to which assault transports proceed initially after arrival in the objective area. See also inner transport area; transport area. (JP 3-02) outsized cargo — A single item that exceeds 1,000 inches long by 117 inches wide by 105 inches high in any one dimension. See also oversized cargo. (JP 4-01.6) overhead persistent infrared — 1. Those systems originally developed to detect and track foreign intercontinental ballistic missile systems. (JP 3-14) 2. Within geospatial intelligence, a capability that provides on-demand, persistent, global, and/or localized coverage of high- to low-intensity infrared events to detect energy radiation from various tactical to strategic objects. Also called OPIR. (JP 2-03) overpressure — The pressure resulting from the blast wave of an explosion referred to as “positive” when it exceeds atmospheric pressure and “negative” during the passage of the wave when resulting pressures are less than atmospheric pressure. (JP 3-11) Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document — A set of objective criteria and management practices developed by the Department of Defense to protect human health and the environment. Also called OEBGD. (JP 3-34) oversized cargo — 1. Large items of specific equipment such as a barge, side loadable warping tug, causeway section, powered, or causeway section, nonpowered that require transport by sea. 2. Air cargo exceeding the usable dimension of a 463L pallet loaded to the design height of 96 inches, but equal to or less than 1,000 inches in length, 117 inches in width, and 105 inches in height. See also outsized cargo. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 179 over-the-horizon amphibious operation — An operation launched from beyond visual and radar range of the shoreline. (JP 3-02) overt — Activities that are openly acknowledged by, or are readily attributable to, the United States Government, including those designated to acquire information through legal and open means without concealment through the use of observation, elicitation, or from knowledgeable human sources. (JP 2-01.2) overt operation — An operation conducted openly, without concealment. See also clandestine operation; covert operation. (JP 2-01.2) Terms and Definitions 180 Intentionally Blank 181 P packup kit — Service-provided maintenance gear sufficient for a short-term deployment, including spare parts and consumables most commonly needed by the deployed helicopter detachment. Supplies are sufficient for a short-term deployment but do not include all material needed for every maintenance task. Also called PUK. (JP 3-04) parallel chains of command — In amphibious operations, a parallel system of command, responding to the interrelationship of participating forces, wherein corresponding commanders are established at each subordinate level of all components to facilitate coordinated planning for, and execution of, the amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) paramilitary forces — Armed forces or groups distinct from the conventional armed forces of any country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. (JP 3-24) partial mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces of the United States resulting from action by Congress (up to full mobilization) or by the President (not more than 1,000,000 for not more than 24 consecutive months) to mobilize Ready Reserve component units, individual reservists, and the resources needed for their support to meet the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security. (JP 4-05) partner nation — 1. A nation that the United States works with in a specific situation or operation. (JP 1) 2. In security cooperation, a nation with which the Department of Defense conducts security cooperation activities. Also called PN. (JP 3-20) passage of lines — An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through another force’s combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. (JP 3-18) passive defense — Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative. See also active defense. (JP 3-60) patient movement — The act or process of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other person to obtain medical and/or dental care or treatment, which include medical regulating, patient evacuation, and en route medical care. Also called PM. See also patient movement items; patient movement requirements center. (JP 4-02) patient movement items — The medical equipment and supplies required to support patients during aeromedical evacuation, which is part of a standardized list of approved safe-to-fly equipment. Also called PMIs. (JP 4-02) Terms and Definitions 182 patient movement policy — Command decision establishing the maximum number of days that patients may be held within the command for treatment. See also evacuation. (JP 4-02) patient movement requirements center — 1. A joint activity that coordinates patient movement by functionally merging of joint medical regulating processes, Services’ medical regulating processes, and patient movement evacuation requirements planning (transport to bed plan). 2. Term used to represent any theater, joint, or the Global Patient Movement Requirements Center function. Also called PMRC. (JP 4-02) peace building — Stability actions that strengthen and rebuild a society’s institutions, infrastructure, and civic life to avoid a relapse into conflict. Also called PB. See also peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peacemaking; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) peace enforcement — Application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order. See also peace building; peacekeeping; peacemaking; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) peacekeeping — Military operations undertaken, with the consent of all major parties to a dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement. See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacemaking; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) peacemaking — The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of peaceful settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it. Also called PM. See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) peace operations — Multiagency and multinational crisis response and limited contingency operations involving all instruments of national power with military missions to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance. Also called PO. See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacekeeping; and peacemaking. (JP 3-07.3) performance work statement — A statement of work for performance based acquisitions that describe the results in clear, specific, and objective terms with measurable outcomes. Also called PWS. (JP 4-10) permissive environment — Operational environment in which host nation military and law enforcement agencies have control, as well as the intent and capability to assist operations that a unit intends to conduct. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 183 persistent agent — A chemical agent that, when released, remains able to cause casualties for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks. (JP 3-11) persistent mine — A land mine, other than nuclear or chemical, that is not designed to self- destruct; is designed to be emplaced by hand or mechanical means; and can be buried or surface emplaced. (JP 3-15) personal effects — All privately owned moveable, personal property of an individual. Also called PE. See also mortuary affairs; personal property. (JP 4-06) personal locator beacon — An emergency device carried by individuals, to assist locating during personnel recovery. Also called PLB. See also emergency locator beacon. (JP 3-50) personal property — Property of any kind or any interest therein, except real property, records of the United States Government, and naval vessels of the following categories: surface combatants, support ships, and submarines. (JP 4-06) personal protective equipment — Mission-specific protective clothing and equipment provided to shield or isolate selected personnel from a particular chemical, biological, radiological, and some nuclear hazards. Also called PPE. See also individual protective equipment. (JP 3-11) personal staff — Aides and staff officers handling special matters over which the commander wishes to exercise close personal control. (JP 3-33) person authorized to direct disposition of human remains — A person, usually primary next of kin, who is authorized to direct disposition of human remains. Also called PADD. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) person eligible to receive effects — The person authorized by law to receive the personal effects of a deceased military member. Receipt of personal effects does not constitute ownership. Also called PERE. See also mortuary affairs; personal effects. (JP 4-06) personnel — Individuals required in either a military or civilian capacity to accomplish the assigned mission. (JP 1-0) personnel accountability — The process of identifying, capturing, and recording the personal identification information of an individual usually through the use of a database. (JP 1-0) personnel effects inventory officer — An officer appointed to establish clear chain of custody for all personal effects of an individual from the time they establish control of the effects until they release the effect to mortuary affairs personnel. Also called PEIO. (JP 4-06) Terms and Definitions 184 personnel recovery — The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. See also combat search and rescue; evasion; personnel; recovery; search and rescue. (JP 3-50) personnel recovery coordination cell — The primary joint force component organization responsible for coordinating and controlling component personnel recovery missions. Also called PRCC. (JP 3-50) personnel recovery reference product — A reference document for personnel recovery containing specific information on a particular country or region of interest. Also called PRRP. (JP 3-50) personnel services support — Service-provided sustainment activities that support a Service member during both exercises and operations. Also called PSS. (JP 1-0) petroleum, oils, and lubricants — A broad term that includes all petroleum and associated products used by the Armed Forces. Also called POL. (JP 4-01.6) phase — In planning, a definitive stage of a campaign or operation during which a large portion of the forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually supporting activities for a common purpose. (JP 5-0) phase line — A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually an easily identified feature in the operational area. Also called PL. (JP 3-09) phony minefield — An area free of live mines used to simulate a minefield, or section of a minefield, with the object of deceiving the enemy. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) physical characteristics — Those military characteristics of equipment that are primarily physical in nature. (JP 3-60) physical damage assessment — The estimate of the quantitative extent of physical damage to a target resulting from the application of military force. See also battle damage assessment. (JP 3-60) physical security —1. That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. (JP 3-0) 2. In communications security, the component that results from all physical measures necessary to safeguard classified equipment, material, and documents from access thereto or observation thereof by unauthorized persons. See also communications security; security. (JP 6-0) placement — An individual’s proximity to information of intelligence interest. (JP 2-01.2) Terms and Definitions 185 planned target — Target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which actions are planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support commander’s objectives. There are two subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and on-call. See also on-call target; operational area; scheduled target; target. (JP 3-60) planning and direction — In intelligence usage, the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) planning factor — A multiplier used in planning to estimate the amount and type of effort involved in a contemplated operation. (JP 5-0) planning factors database — Databases created and maintained by the Services for the purpose of identifying all geospatial intelligence requirements for emerging and existing forces and systems. Also called PFDB. See also geospatial information and services. (JP 2-03) planning order — A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the development, adaptation, or refinement of a plan/order. Also called PLANORD. (JP 5-0) planning phase — In amphibious operations, the phase normally denoted by the period extending from the issuance of the initiating directive up to the embarkation phase. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) planning team — A functional element within a headquarters established to solve problems related to a specific task or requirement, and which dissolves upon completion of the assigned task. (JP 3-33) point defense — The defense or protection of special vital elements and installations; e.g., command and control facilities or air bases. (JP 3-52) pointee-talkee — A language aid containing selected phrases in English opposite a translation in a foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases. See also evasion aid. (JP 3-50) point of employment — In distribution operations, a physical location designated by the commander at the tactical level where force employment, emplacement, or commodity consumption occurs. (JP 4-09) point of need — In distribution operations, a physical location within a desired operational area designated by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate commander as a receiving point for forces or materiel, for subsequent use or consumption. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 186 point of origin — In distribution operations, the beginning point of a deployment, redeployment, or movement where forces or materiel are located. (JP 4-09) polar orbit — A satellite orbit that passes over the North and South Poles on each orbit, has an angle of inclination relative to the equator of 90 degrees, and eventually passes over all points on the Earth. (JP 3-14) population at risk — The strength in personnel of a given force structure in terms of which casualty rates are stated. Also called PAR. (JP 4-02) port complex — One or more port areas in which activities are geographically linked either because these areas are dependent on a common inland transport system or because they constitute a common initial destination for convoys. (JP 4-01.5) port of debarkation — The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged. Also called POD. See also port of embarkation. (JP 4-0) port of embarkation — The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or personnel depart. Also called POE. See also port of debarkation. (JP 4-01.2) port operations group — A task-organized unit, located at the seaport of embarkation and/or debarkation that assists and provides support in the loading and/or unloading and staging of personnel, supplies, and equipment from shipping. Also called POG. See also landing force support party; task organization. (JP 3-35) port security — The safeguarding of vessels, harbors, ports, waterfront facilities, and cargo from internal threats such as destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive acts; accidents; thefts; or other causes of similar nature. See also physical security; security. (JP 3-10) port support activity — A tailorable support organization composed of mobilization station assets that ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load. Also called PSA. See also support. (JP 3-35) positive control — A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52) positive identification — An identification derived from observation and analysis of target characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, non- cooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based identification techniques. Also called PID. (JP 3-01) post-launch abort — Deliberate action taken post-separation to cause a precision munition to miss its target. Also called PLA. (JP 3-09.3) Terms and Definitions 187 precipitation static — Charged precipitation particles that strike antennas and gradually charge the antenna, which ultimately discharges across the insulator, causing a burst of static. Also called P-STATIC. (JP 3-13.1) precise time and time interval — A reference value of time and time interval (frequency). Also called PTTI. (JP 3-59) precision-guided munition — A guided weapon intended to destroy a point target and minimize collateral damage. Also called PGM, smart weapon, smart munition. (JP 3-03) preferred forces — Specific units that are identified to provide assumptions essential for continued planning and assessing the feasibility of a plan. (JP 5-0) prelanding operations — Operations conducted by the amphibious force upon its arrival in the amphibious objective area or operational area and prior to H-hour and/or L-hour. (JP 3-02) preparation of the environment — An umbrella term for operations and activities conducted by selectively trained special operations forces to develop an environment for potential future special operations. Also called PE. (JP 3-05) prepare to deploy order — An order issued directing an increase in a unit’s deployability posture and specifying a timeframe the unit must be ready by to begin deployment upon receipt of a deployment order. Also called PTDO. (JP 5-0) preplanned air support — Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance of operations. (JP 3-09.3) pre-position — To place military units, equipment, or supplies at or near the point of planned use or at a designated location to reduce reaction time, and to ensure timely support of a specific force during initial phases of an operation. (JP 4-0) pre-positioned war reserve stock — The assets that are designated to satisfy the pre- positioned war reserve materiel requirement. Also called PWRS. (JP 4-03) presail — The time prior to a ship getting under way used to prepare for at-sea events. (JP 3-04) Presidential Reserve Call-up — Provision of a public law (Title 10, United States Code, Section 12304) that provides the President a means to activate, without a declaration of national emergency, not more than 200,000 members of the Selected Reserve and the Individual Ready Reserve (of whom not more than 30,000 may be members of the Individual Ready Reserve) for not more than 365 days to meet the requirements of any operational mission, other than for disaster relief or to suppress insurrection. Also called Terms and Definitions 188 PRC. See also Individual Ready Reserve; mobilization; Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) pressure mine — 1. In land mine warfare, a mine having a fuze that responds to the direct pressure of a target. 2. In naval mine warfare, a mine having a circuit that responds to the hydrodynamic pressure field of a target. See also mine. (JP 3-15) prevention of mutual interference — In submarine operations, procedures established to prevent submerged collisions between friendly submarines; between submarines and friendly, surface ship-towed bodies and arrays; and between submarines, unmanned systems, and any other hazards to submerged navigation. Also called PMI. (JP 3-32) preventive maintenance — Care and service of equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. (JP 4-02) preventive medicine — The anticipation, communication, prediction, identification, prevention, education, risk assessment, and control of communicable diseases; illnesses; and exposure to endemic, occupational, and environmental threats. Also called PVNTMED. (JP 4-02) primary agency — The federal department or agency assigned primary responsibility for managing and coordinating a specific emergency support function in the National Response Framework. (JP 3-28) primary control officer — In amphibious operations, the officer embarked in a primary control ship assigned to control the movement of landing craft, amphibious vehicles, and landing ships to and from a colored beach. Also called PCO. (JP 3-02) primary control ship — In amphibious operations, a ship of the task force designated to provide support for the primary control officer and a combat information center control team for a colored beach. Also called PCS. (JP 3-02) primary flight control — The controlling agency on air-capable ships that is responsible for air traffic control of aircraft within 5 nautical miles of the ship. On most Coast Guard cutters, primary flight control duties are performed by a combat information center, and the term “PRIFLY” is not used. Also called PRIFLY. (JP 3-04) primary review authority — The organization, within the lead agent's chain of command, that is assigned by the lead agent to perform the actions and coordination necessary to develop and maintain the assigned joint publication under the cognizance of the lead agent. Also called PRA. See also joint publication; lead agent. (CJCSM 5120.01) prime contract — A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States Government for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind. (JP 4-10) Terms and Definitions 189 prime vendor — A contracting process that provides commercial products to regionally grouped military and federal customers from commercial distributors using electronic commerce. Also called PV. See also distribution system. (JP 4-09) principal federal official — The federal official designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security to act as his/her representative locally to oversee, coordinate, and execute the Secretary’s incident management responsibilities under Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5. Also called PFO. (JP 3-41) principal officer — The officer in charge of a diplomatic mission, consular office, or other foreign service post, such as a United States liaison office. (JP 3-08) priority designator — A two-digit issue and priority code placed in military standard requisitioning and issue procedure requisitions to provide a means of assigning relative rankings to competing demands placed on the Department of Defense supply system. Also called PD. (JP 4-01) priority intelligence requirement — An intelligence requirement that the commander and staff need to understand the threat and other aspects of the operational environment. Also called PIR. See also information requirements; intelligence; intelligence process; intelligence requirement. (JP 2-01) prisoner of war — A detained person (as defined in Articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949) who, while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the armed forces of the enemy. Also called POW. (JP 3-50) private sector — An umbrella term that may be applied to any or all of the nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations, most of academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected nongovernmental organizations. (JP 3-57) privity of contract — The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties. (JP 4-10) probability of damage — The probability that damage will occur to a target expressed as a percentage or as a decimal. Also called PD. (JP 3-60) procedural control — A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures. (JP 3-52) procedural identification — An identification based on observation and analysis of target behaviors including location and trajectory, as well as compliance with airspace control measures. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 190 procedures — Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks. See also tactics; techniques. (CJCSM 5120.01) procedure word — A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called proword. (JP 3-09.3) processing — A system of operations designed to convert raw data into useful information. (JP 2-0) processing and exploitation — In intelligence usage, the conversion of collected information into forms suitable to the production of intelligence. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) process owner — The head of a Department of Defense component assigned a responsibility by the Secretary of Defense when process improvement involves more than one Service or Department of Defense component. (JP 4-0) procurement lead time — The interval in time between the initiation of procurement action and receipt of the products or services purchased as the result of such actions. (JP 4-10) procuring contracting officer — A contracting officer who initiates and signs the contract. Also called PCO. See also administrative contracting officer; contracting officer. (JP 4-10) production base — The total national industrial production capacity available for the manufacture of items to meet materiel requirements. (JP 4-05) production requirement — An intelligence requirement that cannot be met by current analytical products resulting in tasking to produce a new product that can meet this intelligence requirement. Also called PR. (JP 2-0) production requirements matrix — A compilation of prioritized combatant command all- source intelligence analysis and production requirements that support all phases of a plan. Also called PRMx. (JP 2-01) prolonged field care — The continued delivery of medical care prior to patient movement beyond the holding capability of that role of care. (JP 4-02) prompt radiation — The radiation, essentially neutrons and gamma rays, resulting from a nuclear burst and emitted from the fireball within one minute after burst. See also residual radiation. (JP 3-11) proof — In mine warfare, to verify that a breached lane is free of live mines by passing a mine roller or other mine-resistant vehicle through as the lead vehicle. (JP 3-15) Terms and Definitions 191 protected emblems — The red cross, red crescent, and other symbols that designate that persons, places, or equipment so marked have a protected status under the law of war. (JP 3-60) protected frequencies — Friendly, generally time-oriented, frequencies used for a particular operation, identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently jammed by friendly forces while active electronic warfare operations are directed against hostile forces. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) protected persons/places —Persons (such as enemy prisoners of war) and places (such as hospitals) that enjoy special protections under the law of war and which may or may not be marked with protected emblems. (JP 1-04) protection — Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. See also mission-oriented protective posture. (JP 3-0) protection of shipping — The use of proportionate force, when necessary for the protection of United States flag vessels and aircraft, United States citizens (whether embarked in United States or foreign vessels), and their property against unlawful violence. (JP 3-0) protective clothing — Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect personnel against hazards. (JP 3-11) protective minefield — 1. In land mine warfare, a minefield employed to assist a unit in its local, close-in protection. 2. In naval mine warfare, a minefield emplaced in friendly territorial waters to protect ports, harbors, anchorages, coasts, and coastal routes. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) provincial reconstruction team — A civil-military team designated to improve stability in a given area by helping build the legitimacy and effectiveness of a host nation local or provincial government in providing security to its citizens and delivering essential government services. Also called PRT. (JP 3-57) public — In public affairs, a segment of the population with common attributes to which a military force can tailor its communication. See also external audience; internal audience. (JP 3-61) public affairs — Communication activities with external and internal audiences. Also called PA. See also command information; public information. (JP 3-61) public affairs assessment — An analysis of the news media and public environments to evaluate the degree of understanding about strategic and operational objectives and Terms and Definitions 192 military activities and to identify levels of public support. See also assessment; public affairs. (JP 3-61) public affairs guidance — Constraints and restraints established by proper authority regarding public communication activities. Also called PAG. See also public affairs. (JP 3-61) public information — Within public affairs, information of a military nature, the dissemination of which is consistent with security and approved for public release. (JP 3-61) 193 Q Q-route — A system of preplanned shipping lanes in mined or potentially mined waters used to minimize the area the mine countermeasures commander has to keep clear of mines in order to provide safe passage for friendly shipping. (JP 3-15) quadruple container — A 57.5 inches x 96 inches x 96 inches container box with a metal frame, pallet base, and International Organization for Standardization corner fittings; four of these boxes can be lashed together to form a 20-foot American National Standards Institute or International Organization for Standardization intermodal container. Also called QUADCON. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 194 Intentionally Blank 195 R radiation dose — The total amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by material or tissues. (JP 3-11) radiation dose rate — Measurement of radiation dose per unit of time. (JP 3-11) radiation exposure status — Criteria to assist the commander in measuring unit exposure to radiation based on total past cumulative dose, normally expressed in centigray. Also called RES. (JP 3-11) radio frequency countermeasures — Any device or technique employing radio frequency materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called RF CM. (JP 3-13.1) radiological dispersal device — An improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear explosive device, designed to disseminate radioactive material to cause destruction, damage, or injury. Also called RDD. (JP 3-11) radiological exposure device — A radioactive source placed to cause injury or death. Also called RED. (JP 3-11) radiological hazard — Ionizing radiation that can cause damage, injury, or destruction from either external irradiation or due to radiation from radioactive materials within the body. (JP 3-11) raid — An operation to temporarily seize an area to secure information, confuse an enemy, capture personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a planned withdrawal. (JP 3-0) railhead — A point on a railway where loads are transferred between trains and other means of transport. (JP 4-09) Rangers — Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05) rapid global mobility — The timely movement, positioning, and sustainment of military forces and capabilities across the range of military operations. See also mobility. (JP 3-17) rationalization — Any action that increases the effectiveness of allied forces through more efficient or effective use of defense resources committed to the alliance. (JP 3-16) Terms and Definitions 196 reachback — The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 3-30) readiness — The ability of military forces to fight and meet the demands of assigned missions. See also national military strategy. (JP 1) Ready Reserve — The Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve liable for active duty as prescribed by law (Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10142, 12301, and 12302). See also active duty; Individual Ready Reserve; Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) Realistic Military Training — Department of Defense training conducted off federal property utilizing private or non-federal public property and infrastructure. (DODI 1322.28) real property — Lands, buildings, structures, utilities systems, improvements, and appurtenances, thereto that includes equipment attached to and made part of buildings and structures, but not movable equipment. (JP 3-34) reattack recommendation — An assessment, derived from the results of battle damage assessment and munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander systematic advice on reattack of a target. Also called RR. See also assessment; battle damage assessment; munitions effectiveness assessment; target. (JP 3-60) receiving ship — The ship in a replenishment unit that receives the rig(s). (JP 4-03) reception — 1. All ground arrangements connected with the delivery and disposition of air or sea drops. 2. Arrangements to welcome and provide secure quarters or transportation for defectors, escapees, evaders, or incoming agents. 3. The process of receiving, off- loading, marshalling, accounting for, and transporting of personnel, equipment, and materiel from the strategic and/or intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area. (JP 3-35) recognition — 1. The determination by any means of the individuality of persons, or of objects such as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or of phenomena such as communications- electronics patterns. 2. In ground combat operations, the determination that an object is similar within a category of something already known. (JP 3-01) recognition signal — Any prearranged signal by which individuals or units may identify each other. (JP 3-50) reconnaissance — A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. (JP 2-0) Terms and Definitions 197 reconstitution — 1. Actions taken to rapidly restore functionality to an acceptable level for a particular mission, operation, or contingency after severe degradation. (JP 3-14) 2. Those actions, including regeneration and reorganization, commanders plan and implement to restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (JP 3-02) 3. In maritime pre-positioning force operations, the methodical approach to restore the maritime pre-positioned equipment and supplies aboard the maritime pre-positioning ships squadron to full mission-capable status. (JP 3-02) recovery — 1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a mission that involves the return of an aircraft to a land base or platform afloat. (JP 3-52) 2. The retrieval of a mine from the location where emplaced. (JP 3-15) 3. In personnel recovery, actions taken to physically gain custody of isolated personnel and return them to friendly control. (JP 3-50) 4. Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly control or repair at another location. See also evader; evasion. (JP 3-34) recovery and reconstitution — 1. Those actions taken by one nation prior to, during, and following an attack by an enemy nation to minimize the effects of the attack, rehabilitate the national economy, provide for the welfare of the populace, and maximize the combat potential of remaining forces and supporting activities. 2. Those actions taken by a military force during or after operational employment to restore its combat capability to full operational readiness. See also recovery. (JP 3-35) recovery mechanism — An indigenous or surrogate infrastructure that is specifically developed, trained, and directed by United States forces to contact, authenticate, support, move, and exfiltrate designated isolated personnel from uncertain or hostile areas back to friendly control. Also called RM. (JP 3-50) recovery operations — Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security. (JP 3-50) recovery site — In personnel recovery, an area from which isolated personnel can be recovered. See also escapee; evader; evasion. (JP 3-50) recovery team — In personnel recovery, designated United States or United States-directed forces, that are specifically trained to operate in conjunction with indigenous or surrogate forces, and are tasked to contact, authenticate, support, move, and exfiltrate isolated personnel. Also called RT. (JP 3-50) recovery vehicle — In personnel recovery, the vehicle on which isolated personnel are boarded and transported from the recovery site. (JP 3-50) redeployment — The transfer or rotation of forces and materiel to support another commander’s operational requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel Terms and Definitions 198 to the home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. See also deployment. (JP 3-35) red team — An organizational element comprised of trained and educated members that provide an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations in the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries and others. (JP 2-0) reduced operating status — Military Sealift Command ships withdrawn from full operating status because of decreased operational requirements. Also called ROS. See also Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2) reduction — The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the attacking ground force. (JP 3-15) refraction — The process by which the direction of a wave is changed when moving into shallow water at an angle to the bathymetric contours. (JP 4-01.6) refugee — A person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. See also dislocated civilian; displaced person; evacuee; stateless person. (JP 3-29) regimental landing team — A task organization for landing composed of an infantry regiment reinforced by those elements that are required for initiation of its combat function ashore. Also called RLT. (JP 3-02) regional air defense commander — Commander, subordinate to the area air defense commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned region and exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander. Also called RADC. (JP 3-01) regional response coordination center — A standing facility that is activated to coordinate regional response efforts until a joint field office is established and/or the principal federal official or coordinating officer can assume their National Response Framework coordination responsibilities. Also called RRCC. (JP 3-28) regional security officer — A security officer responsible to the chief of mission (ambassador), for security functions of all United States embassies and consulates in a given country or group of adjacent countries. Also called RSO. (JP 3-10) rehabilitative care — Therapy that provides evaluations and treatment programs using exercises, massage, or electrical therapeutic treatment to restore, reinforce, or enhance motor performance and restores patients to functional health allowing for their return to Terms and Definitions 199 duty or discharge from the Service. Also called restorative care. See also patient movement policy; theater. (JP 4-02) rehearsal phase — In amphibious operations, the period after embarkation and prior to the action phase during which the prospective operation is practiced. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) reinforcing obstacles — Those obstacles specifically constructed, emplaced, or detonated through military effort and designed to strengthen existing terrain to disrupt, fix, turn, or block enemy movement. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) reintegrate — In personnel recovery, the task of providing medical care and psychological decompression to allow the conduct of appropriate debriefings to ultimately return recovered personnel back to duty and their family. (JP 3-50) release altitude — Altitude of an aircraft above the ground at the time of ordnance release. (JP 3-09.3) relief in place — An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3) religious advisement — The practice of informing the commander on the impact of religion on operations, to include, but not limited to, worship, rituals, customs, and practices of United States military personnel, international forces, and the indigenous population, as well as the impact of military operations on the religious and humanitarian dynamics in the operational area. (JP 3-0) religious affairs — The combination of religious support and religious advisement. (JP 3-0) religious discrimination — The unlawful limits on religious expression; punishment for religious beliefs or lack of belief; or the compulsion to express opinions or beliefs contrary to religious beliefs of established religions. (JP 3-0) religious support — Chaplain-facilitated free exercise of religion through worship, religious and pastoral counseling services, ceremonial honors for the fallen, crisis intervention, and advice to the commander on ethical and moral issues and morale. Also called RS. (JP 3-0) religious support team — A team comprising at least one chaplain and one enlisted religious affairs person. Also called RST. (JP 3-0) remain-behind equipment — Unit equipment left by deploying forces at their bases when they deploy. (JP 4-05) Terms and Definitions 200 render safe procedures — The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. (JP 3-42) rendezvous area — In an amphibious operation, the area in which the landing craft and amphibious vehicles rendezvous to form waves after being loaded and prior to movement to the line of departure. (JP 3-02) repairable item — An item that can be reconditioned or economically repaired for reuse when it becomes unserviceable. (JP 4-09) repair cycle — The stages through which a repairable item passes from the time of its removal or replacement until it is reinstalled or placed in stock in a serviceable condition. (JP 4-09) repatriation — 1. The procedure whereby American citizens and their families are officially processed back into the United States subsequent to an evacuation. See also evacuation. (JP 3-68) 2. The release and return of enemy prisoners of war to their own country in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. (JP 1-0) replacement in kind — The provision of material and services for a logistic exchange of materials and services of equal value between the governments of eligible countries. Also called RIK. (JP 1-06) reportable incident — Any suspected or alleged violation of Department of Defense policy or of other related orders, policies, procedures or applicable law, for which there is credible information. (JP 3-63) request for assistance — A request based on mission requirements and expressed in terms of desired outcome formally asking the Department of Defense to provide assistance within the United States or United States territories to a local, state, tribal, or other federal agency. Also called RFA. (JP 3-28) request for information — 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production. 2. A term used by the National Security Agency/Central Security Service to state ad hoc signals intelligence requirements. Also called RFI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) requirements determination — All activities necessary to develop, consolidate, coordinate, validate, approve, and prioritize joint force contract support requirements. (JP 4-10) Terms and Definitions 201 requirements development — The process of defining actual contract support requirements and capturing these requirements in acquisition ready contract support requirements packages. (JP 4-10) requiring activity — A military or other designated supported organization that identifies and receives contracted support during military operations. See also supported unit. (JP 4-10) rescue combat air patrol — An aircraft patrol provided over that portion of an objective area in which recovery operations are being conducted for the purpose of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft. Also called RESCAP. See also combat air patrol. (JP 3-50) rescue coordination center — A unit, recognized by International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international body, responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region. Also called RCC. (JP 3-50) reserve — 1. Portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear or withheld from action at the beginning of an engagement to be available for a decisive movement. 2. Members of the uniformed Services who are not in active service but who are subject to call to active duty. 3. Portion of an appropriation or contract authorization held or set aside for future operations or contingencies and, in respect to which, administrative authorization to incur commitments or obligations has been withheld. (JP 4-05) Reserve Component — The Armed Forces of the United States Reserve Component consists of the Army National Guard of the United States, the Army Reserve, the Navy Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Air Force Reserve, and the Coast Guard Reserve. Also called RC. See also component; reserve. (JP 4-05) reserved obstacles — Those demolition obstacles that are deemed critical to the plan for which the authority to detonate is reserved by the designating commander. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) reset — A set of actions to restore equipment to a desired level of combat capability commensurate with a unit’s future mission. (JP 4-0) resettled person — A refugee or an internally displaced person wishing to return somewhere other than his or her previous home or land within the country or area of original displacement. (JP 3-29) residual forces — Undeployed United States forces that have an immediate combat potential for continued military operations, and that have been deliberately withheld from utilization. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 202 residual radiation — Nuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial dispersion of radioactive material, or irradiation that results from a nuclear explosion and persists longer than one minute after burst. See also contamination; prompt radiation. (JP 3-11) resistance movement — An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. (JP 3-05) resource management — A financial management function that provides advice and guidance to the commander to develop command resource requirements. Also called RM. See also financial management. (JP 1-06) resources — The forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities apportioned or allocated to the commander of a unified or specified command. (JP 1) rest and recuperation — The withdrawal of individuals from combat or duty in a combat area for short periods of rest and recuperation. Also called R&R. (JP 1-0) restraint — In the context of planning, a requirement placed on the command by a higher command that prohibits an action, thus restricting freedom of action. See also constraint; limitation. (JP 5-0) restricted area — 1. An area (land, sea, or air) in which there are special restrictive measures employed to prevent or minimize interference between friendly forces. 2. An area under military jurisdiction in which special security measures are employed to prevent unauthorized entry. See also restricted areas (air). (JP 3-34) restricted areas (air) — Designated areas established by appropriate authority over which flight of aircraft is restricted. See also restricted area. (JP 3-52) restricted items list — A document listing those logistic goods and services for which nations must coordinate any contracting activity with a commander’s centralized contracting organization. (JP 4-08) restricted operations zone — Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROZ. (JP 3-52) restricted reporting — Reporting option that allows sexual assault victims to confidentially disclose the assault to specified individuals (e.g., sexual assault response coordinator, sexual assault prevention and response victim advocate, or healthcare personnel) and receive medical treatment and counseling without triggering an official investigation. (JP 1-0) restricted target — A valid target that has specific restrictions placed on the actions authorized against it due to operational considerations. See also target. (JP 3-60) Terms and Definitions 203 restricted target list — A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force and approved by the joint force commander or directed by higher authorities. Also called RTL. See also restricted target; target. (JP 3-60) restrictive fire area — An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called RFA. See also fires. (JP 3-09) restrictive fire line — A line established between converging friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects across that line. Also called RFL. See also fires. (JP 3-09) resupply — The act of replenishing stocks in order to maintain required levels of supply. (JP 4-09) resuscitative care — Advanced emergency medical treatment required to prevent immediate loss of life or limb and to attain stabilization to ensure the patient could tolerate evacuation. (JP 4-02) retained personnel — Detainees who fall into one of the following categories: a. Designated enemy medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are exclusively engaged in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or the prevention of disease; b. Staff of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and that of other volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and authorized by their governments to assist medical service personnel of their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, and provided that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and regulations; c. Chaplains attached to enemy armed forces. Also called RP. See also personnel. (JP 3-63) Retired Reserve — All reserve members who receive retirement pay on the basis of their active duty and/or reserve service; those members who are otherwise eligible for retirement pay but have not reached age 60 and who have not elected discharge and are not voluntary members of the Ready Reserve or Standby Reserve. See also active duty; Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve. (JP 4-05) retrograde — The process for the movement of non-unit equipment and materiel from a forward location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock requirements. (JP 4-09) returnee — A displaced person who has returned voluntarily to his or her former place of residence. (JP 3-29) Terms and Definitions 204 return to base — An order to proceed to the point indicated by the displayed information or by verbal communication. Also called RTB. (JP 3-01) revolving fund account — An account authorized by specific provisions of law to finance a continuing cycle of business-type operations, and which are authorized to incur obligations and expenditures that generate receipts. (JP 1-06) riot control agent — Any chemical, not listed in a schedule of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction that can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. Also called RCA. See also chemical warfare. (JP 3-11) rising mine — In naval mine warfare, a mine having positive buoyancy, which is released from a sinker by a ship influence or by a timing device. (JP 3-15) risk assessment — The identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk management process). Also called RA. (JP 3-07.2) risk management — The process to identify, assess, and control risks and make decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. Also called RM. (JP 3-0) riverine operations — Operations conducted by forces organized to cope with the unique characteristics of a riverine area and/or to achieve or maintain control of the riverine area. (JP 3-32) role specialist nation — A nation that has agreed to assume responsibility for providing a particular class of supply or service for all or part of the multinational force. Also called RSN. See also lead nation; multinational force. (JP 4-08) roles of medical care — The characterization of health support for the distribution of medical resources and capabilities. a. Role 1. Provides medical treatment, initial trauma care, and forward resuscitation, not including surgical care. Also known as unit-level medical care. b. Role 2. Provides medical treatment, advanced trauma management, emergency surgery, and resuscitative care. c. Role 3. Provides emergency and specialty surgery, intensive care, medical specialty care, and extended holding capacity and capability augmented by robust ancillary support. d. Role 4. Provides the full range of preventive, acute, restorative, curative, rehabilitative, and convalescent care found in United States base hospitals and robust overseas facilities. (JP 4-02) roll-on/roll-off discharge facility — A platform made up of causeway sections that provide a means of embarking and disembarking vehicles from a roll-on and roll-off ship at sea to lighterage. Also called RRDF. See also facility; lighterage. (JP 4-01.6) rough terrain container handler — A piece of materials handling equipment used to pick up and move containers. Also called RTCH. (JP 4-01.6) Terms and Definitions 205 rules of engagement — Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. See also law of war. (JP 1-04) ruse — In military deception, an action designed to deceive the adversary, usually involving the deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary’s intelligence collection system. (JP 3-13.4) Terms and Definitions 206 Intentionally Blank 207 S safe haven — 1. Designated area(s) to which noncombatant evacuees of the United States Government’s responsibility and commercial vehicles and materiel may be evacuated during a domestic or other valid emergency. (JP 3-68) 2. A protected body of water or the well deck of an amphibious ship used by small craft operating offshore for refuge from storms or heavy seas. (JP 4-01.6) safe house — An innocent-appearing house or premises established by an organization for the purpose of conducting clandestine or covert activity in relative security. (JP 3-07.2) safing — As applied to weapons and ammunition, the changing from a state of readiness for initiation to a safe condition. Also called de-arming. (JP 3-09.3) salvage — 1. Property that has some value in excess of its basic material content but is in such condition that it has no reasonable prospect of use for any purpose as a unit and its repair or rehabilitation for use as a unit is clearly impractical. 2. The saving or rescuing of condemned, discarded, or abandoned property, and of materials contained therein for reuse, refabrication, or scrapping. (JP 4-0) sanction enforcement — Operations that employ coercive measures to control the movement of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area. (JP 3-0) scheduled target — Planned target upon which fires or other actions are scheduled for prosecution at a specified time. See also planned target; target. (JP 3-60) schedule of fire — Groups or series of fires that are fired in a definite sequence according to a definite program. (JP 3-09) scheme of fires — The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find and engage targets to support the commander’s objectives. (JP 3-09) scheme of maneuver — The central expression of the commander’s concept for operations that governs the development of supporting plans or annexes of how arrayed forces will accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0) scientific and technical intelligence — The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information that covers: a. foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques; and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture. Also called S&TI. See also intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-01) Terms and Definitions 208 screening — In intelligence, the evaluation of an individual or a group of individuals to determine their potential to answer collection requirements or to identify individuals who match a predetermined source profile coupled with the process of identifying and assessing the areas of knowledge, cooperation, and possible approach techniques for an individual who has information of intelligence value. (JP 2-01.2) sea areas — Areas in the amphibious objective area designated for the stationing of amphibious task force ships. See also amphibious objective area; fire support area; inner transport area; sea echelon area. (JP 3-02) sea barge — A type of barge-ship that can carry up to 38 loaded barges and also carry tugs, stacked causeway sections, various watercraft, or heavy-lift equipment to better support joint logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.2) seabasing — The deployment, assembly, command, projection, reconstitution, sustainment, and re-employment of joint power from the sea without reliance on land bases within the operational area. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) sea control operations — The employment of forces to destroy enemy naval forces, suppress enemy sea commerce, protect vital sea lanes, and establish local military superiority in vital sea areas. See also land control operations. (JP 3-32) sea echelon — A portion of the amphibious warfare ships or other ships that withdraws from or remains out of the transport area during an amphibious landing and operates in designated areas to seaward in an on-call or unscheduled status. (JP 3-02) sea echelon area — In amphibious operations, an area to seaward of a transport area from which ships are phased into the transport area and to which ships withdraw from the transport area. (JP 3-02) sea echelon plan — In amphibious operations, the distribution plan for amphibious shipping in the transport area to minimize losses due to enemy attack and to reduce the area to be swept of mines. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) SEAL delivery vehicle team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with SEAL delivery vehicles, dry deck shelters, and other submersible platforms. (JP 3-05) sealift enhancement features — Special equipment and modifications that adapt merchant- type dry cargo ships and tankers to specific military missions. Also called SEFs. See also Military Sealift Command; Ready Reserve. (JP 4-01.2) SEAL team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with an emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments. (JP 3-05) Terms and Definitions 209 seaport — A land facility designated for reception of personnel or materiel moved by sea, and that serves as an authorized port of entrance into or departure from the country in which located. See also port of debarkation; port of embarkation. (JP 4-01.2) search — A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have passed within visibility. (JP 3-50) search and rescue — The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, and specialized rescue teams and equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a permissive environment. Also called SAR. See also combat search and rescue; isolated personnel; joint personnel recovery center; personnel recovery coordination cell. (JP 3-50) search and rescue numerical encryption grid — A predesignated ten-letter word without repeated letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt numerical data such as position, time, and/or headings in a covert manner. (JP 3-50) search and rescue point — A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated personnel provide their position to recovery forces. Also called SARDOT. (JP 3-50) search and rescue region — An area of defined dimensions, recognized by the International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international body, and associated with a rescue coordination center within which search and rescue services are provided. (JP 3-50) sea state — A scale that categorizes the force of progressively higher seas by wave height. (JP 4-01.6) secondary loads — Unit equipment, supplies, and major end items that are transported in the beds of organic vehicles. (JP 3-02) SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network — The worldwide SECRET-level packet switch network that uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity Defense Information Systems Network circuitry. Also called SIPRNET. See also Defense Information Systems Network. (JP 6-0) section — A subdivision of an office, installation, territory, works, or organization; especially a major subdivision of a staff. (JP 3-33) sector air defense commander — Commander, subordinate to an area/regional air defense commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned sector, and exercises authorities delegated by the area/regional air defense commander. Also called SADC. (JP 3-01) security — 1. Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10) 2. A Terms and Definitions 210 condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. (JP 3-10) 3. With respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national security. See also national security. (JP 2-0) security assistance — Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended; the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended; or other related statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, lease, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national policies and objectives, and those that are funded and authorized through the Department of State to be administered by Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency are considered part of security cooperation. Also called SA. See also security cooperation. (JP 3-20) security clearance — An administrative determination by competent authority that an individual is eligible for access to classified information. (JP 1-0) security cooperation — All Department of Defense interactions with foreign security establishments to build security relationships that promote specific United States security interests, develop allied and partner nation military and security capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide United States forces with peacetime and contingency access to allied and partner nations. Also called SC. See also security assistance. (JP 3-20) security cooperation organization — A Department of Defense element that is part of the United States diplomatic mission located in a foreign country to carry out security assistance and cooperation management functions under the supervision and coordination authority of the senior defense official/defense attaché. Also called SCO. (JP 3-20) security force assistance — The Department of Defense activities that support the development of the capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-20) security forces — Duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces of a state. (JP 3-22) security review — The process of reviewing information and products prior to public release to ensure the material will not jeopardize ongoing or future operations. See also security. (JP 3-61) security sector reform — A comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken by a host nation to improve the way it provides safety, security, and justice. Also called SSR. (JP 3-07) Terms and Definitions 211 security service — Entity or component of a foreign government charged with responsibility for counterespionage or internal security functions. (JP 2-01.2) segregation — In detainee operations, the removal of a detainee from other detainees and their environment for legitimate purposes unrelated to interrogation, such as when necessary for the movement, health, safety, and/or security of the detainee, the detention facility, or its personnel. (JP 3-63) seize — To employ combat forces to occupy physically and to control a designated area. (JP 3-18) seizures — In counterdrug operations, includes drugs and conveyances seized by law enforcement authorities and drug-related assets confiscated based on evidence that they have been derived from or used in illegal narcotics activities. See also counterdrug operations; law enforcement agency. (JP 3-07.4) Selected Reserve — Those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by their respective Services and approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other reserves. See also Ready Reserve. (JP 4-05) selective identification feature — A capability that, when added to the basic identification friend or foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and display selected coded replies. (JP 3-52) selective loading — The arrangement and stowage of equipment and supplies aboard ship in a manner designed to facilitate issues to units. (JP 3-02) selective off-loading — The capability to access and off-load vehicles, supplies, and equipment without having to conduct a major reconfiguration or total off-load, which is influenced by the number and types of ships allocated and the space made available for the embarkation of the landing force. (JP 3-02) selective unloading — In an amphibious operation, the controlled unloading from amphibious warfare ships, and movement ashore, of specific items of cargo at the request of the landing force commander. (JP 3-02) semipermanent contingency location — A contingency location that provides support for a prolonged contingency operation and characterized by enhanced infrastructure and support services consistent with sustained operations. (JP 4-04) senior airfield authority — An individual designated by the joint force commander to be responsible for the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield to include the runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity directly affects airfield operations. Also called SAA. (JP 3-17) Terms and Definitions 212 senior contracting official — The staff official designated by a Service head of contracting activity to execute theater support contracting authority for a specific command and/or operational area. Also called SCO. (JP 4-10) senior meteorological and oceanographic officer — Meteorological and oceanographic officer responsible for assisting the combatant commander and staff in developing and executing operational meteorological and oceanographic service concepts in support of a designated joint force. Also called SMO. See also meteorological and oceanographic. (JP 3-59) sensitive — An agency, installation, person, position, document, material, or activity requiring special protection from disclosure that could cause embarrassment, compromise, or threat to the security of the sponsoring power. (JP 2-01) sensitive compartmented information — All information and materials bearing special community controls indicating restricted handling within present and future community intelligence collection programs and their end products for which community systems of compartmentation have been or will be formally established. Also called SCI. (JP 2-01) sensitive compartmented information facility — An accredited area, room, group of rooms, or installation where sensitive compartmented information may be stored, used, discussed, and/or electronically processed, where procedural and physical measures prevent the free access of persons unless they have been formally indoctrinated for the particular sensitive compartmented information authorized for use or storage within the sensitive compartmented information facility. Also called SCIF. See also sensitive compartmented information. (JP 2-01) sensitive site — A geographically limited area that contains, but is not limited to, adversary information systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas suspected of containing high value targets. (JP 3-31) sequel — The subsequent operation or phase based on the possible outcomes of the current operation or phase. See also branch. (JP 5-0) serial — 1. An element or a group of elements within a series that is given a numerical or alphabetical designation for convenience in planning, scheduling, and control. 2. A group of people, vehicles, equipment, or supplies used in airborne, air assault, amphibious operations, and convoys. (JP 3-02) serial assignment table — A table that is used in amphibious operations and shows the serial number, the title of the unit, and the approximate number of personnel; the material, vehicles, or equipment in the serial; the number and type of landing craft and/or amphibious vehicles required to boat the serial; and the ship on which the serial is embarked. (JP 3-02) Terms and Definitions 213 Service — A branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, established by act of Congress, which are: the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. (JP 1) Service-common — Equipment, material, supplies, and services including base operating support adopted by a Service to support its own forces and those assigned to the combatant commands; items and services defined as Service-common by one Service are not necessarily Service-common for all other Services. See also special operations- peculiar. (JP 3-05) Service component command — A command consisting of the Service component commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installations under that command, including the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant command or further assigned to a subordinate unified command or joint task force. See also component; functional component command. (JP 1) Service-organic transportation asset — Transportation asset that is assigned to a Military Department. (JP 4-01) Service-unique container — Any 20- or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container procured or leased by a Service to meet Service-unique requirements. See also common-use container; component-owned container. (JP 4-09) sexual assault forensic examination kit — The medical and forensic examination kit used to ensure controlled procedures and safekeeping of any bodily specimens in a sexual assault case. Also called SAFE kit. (JP 1-0) Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program — A Department of Defense program for the Military Departments and Department of Defense components that establishes sexual assault prevention and response policies to be implemented worldwide. Also called SAPR program. (JP 1-0) sexual assault response coordinator — The single point of contact at an installation or within a geographic area who overseas sexual assault awareness, prevention, and response. Also called SARC. (JP 1-0) shelter — An International Organization for Standardization container outfitted with live- or work-in capability. (JP 4-09) shielding — 1. Material of suitable thickness and physical characteristics used to protect personnel from radiation during the manufacture, handling, and transportation of fissionable and radioactive materials. 2. Obstructions that tend to protect personnel or materials from the effects of a nuclear explosion. (JP 3-11) Terms and Definitions 214 ship-to-shore movement — That portion of the action phase of an amphibious operation that includes the deployment of the landing force from ships to designated landing areas. (JP 3-02) shoot-look-shoot — A firing doctrine in which the result of the first intercept attempt is assessed prior to the launch of a subsequent interceptor. Also called SLS. (JP 3-01) shore fire control party — A specially trained unit for control of naval gunfire in support of troops ashore. Also called SFCP. (JP 3-09) shore party — A task organization of the landing force, formed for the purpose of facilitating the landing and movement off the beaches of troops, equipment, and supplies; for the evacuation from the beaches of casualties and enemy prisoners of war; and for facilitating the beaching, retraction, and salvaging of landing ships and craft. Also called beach group. See also beachmaster unit; beach party; naval beach group. (JP 3-02) shortfall — The lack of forces, equipment, personnel, materiel, or capability, reflected as the difference between the resources identified as a plan requirement and those quantities identified as apportioned for planning that would adversely affect the command’s ability to accomplish its mission. (JP 5-0) short-range air defense engagement zone — In air and missile defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air and missile threats normally rests with short-range air defense weapons, and may be established within a low- or high-altitude missile engagement zone. Also called SHORADEZ. (JP 3-01) short-range ballistic missile — A ballistic missile with a range capability between 300-600 nautical miles. Also called SRBM. (JP 3-01) short takeoff and landing — The ability of an aircraft to clear a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle within 1,500 feet (450 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop within 1,500 feet (450 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle. Also called STOL. (JP 3-04) show of force — An operation planned to demonstrate United States resolve that involves increased visibility of United States deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation that, if allowed to continue, may be detrimental to United States interests or national objectives. (JP 3-0) signal operating instructions — A series of orders issued for technical control and coordination of the signal communication activities of a command. In Marine Corps usage, these instructions are designated communication operation instructions. Also called SOI. (JP 6-0) Terms and Definitions 215 signals intelligence — 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in combination all communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted. 2. Intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also called SIGINT. See also communications intelligence; electronic intelligence; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence. (JP 2-0) signals intelligence operational tasking authority — A military commander’s authority to operationally direct and levy signals intelligence requirements on designated signals intelligence resources; includes authority to deploy and redeploy all or part of the signals intelligence resources for which signals intelligence operational tasking authority has been delegated. Also called SOTA. (JP 2-01) significant wave height — The average height of the third of waves observed during a given period of time. See also surf zone. (JP 4-01.6) simultaneous engagement — The concurrent engagement of hostile targets by combination of interceptor aircraft and surface-to-air missiles. (JP 3-01) single-anchor leg mooring — A mooring facility dedicated to the offshore petroleum discharge system, which permits a tanker to remain on station and pump in much higher sea states than is possible with a spread moor. Also called SALM. See also offshore petroleum discharge system. (JP 4-01.6) single manager— A Military Department or agency designated by the Secretary of Defense to manage specified commodities or common service activities on a Department of Defense-wide basis. (JP 4-01) single port manager — The transportation component, designated by the Department of Defense through the United States Transportation Command, responsible for management of all common-user aerial and seaports worldwide. Also called SPM. See also transportation component command. (JP 4-01.5) single-service manager — A Service component commander who is assigned the responsibility and delegated the authority to coordinate and/or perform specified personnel support or personnel service support functions in the theater of operations. See also component. (JP 1-0) site exploitation — A series of activities to recognize, collect, process, preserve, and analyze information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations. Also called SE. (JP 3-31) situation report — A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or formation. Also called SITREP. (JP 3-50) Terms and Definitions 216 situation template — A depiction of assumed adversary dispositions, based on that adversary’s preferred method of operations and the impact of the operational environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action. See also adversary template; course of action. (JP 2-01.3) sociocultural analysis — The analysis of adversaries and other relevant actors that integrates concepts, knowledge, and understanding of societies, populations, and other groups of people, including their activities, relationships, and perspectives across time and space at varying scales. Also called SCA. (JP 2-0) sociocultural factors — The social, cultural, and behavioral factors characterizing the relationships and activities of the population of a specific region or operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) solatium — Monetary compensation given in areas where it is culturally appropriate to alleviate grief, suffering, and anxiety resulting from injuries, death, and property loss with a monetary payment. (JP 1-06) sortie — In air operations, an operational flight by one aircraft. (JP 3-30) sortie allotment message — The means by which the joint force commander allots excess sorties to meet requirements of subordinate commanders that are expressed in their air employment and/or allocation plan. Also called SORTIEALOT. (JP 3-30) source — 1. A person, thing, or activity from which information is obtained. 2. In clandestine activities, a person (agent), normally a foreign national, in the employ of an intelligence activity for intelligence purposes. 3. In interrogation activities, any person who furnishes information, either with or without the knowledge that the information is being used for intelligence purposes. See also agent; collection agency. (JP 2-01) source management — The process to register and monitor the use of sources involved in counterintelligence and human intelligence operations to protect the security of the operations and avoid conflicts among operational elements. (JP 2-01.2) source registry — A source record or catalogue of leads and sources acquired by collectors and centralized for management, coordination, and deconfliction of source operations. (JP 2-01.2) space asset — Equipment that is an individual part of a space system, which is or can be placed in space or directly supports space activity terrestrially. (JP 3-14) space assignment — An assignment to the individual Military Departments/Services by the appropriate transportation operating agency of movement capability, which completely or partially satisfies the stated requirements of the Military Departments/Services for the operating month and that has been accepted by them without the necessity for referral to the Joint Transportation Board for allocation. (JP 4-01) Terms and Definitions 217 space capability — 1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. 2. The ability of a terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in or through space. See also space asset. (JP 3-14) space control — Operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and its allies and deny an adversary freedom of action in space. See also combat service support; combat support; negation. (JP 3-14) space coordinating authority — The responsibility to plan, integrate, and coordinate space operations. Also called SCA. (JP 3-14) space domain — The area above the altitude where atmospheric effects on airborne objects become negligible. (JP 3-14) space environment — The environment corresponding to the space domain, where electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere. (JP 3-59) space forces —The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and personnel, or combination thereof, necessary to conduct space operations. See also national security. (JP 3-14) space joint operating area — The operational area, bounded by the space domain, assigned to Commander, United States Strategic Command, in which space operations are conducted. Also called SJOA. (JP 3-14) space situational awareness — The requisite foundational, current, and predictive knowledge and characterization of space objects and the operational environment upon which space operations depend. Also called SSA. (JP 3-14) space superiority — The degree of control in space of one force over any others that permits the conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from terrestrial or space-based threats. (JP 3-14) space weather — The conditions and phenomena in space and specifically in the near-Earth environment that may affect space assets or space operations. See also space asset. (JP 3-59) special access program — A sensitive acquisition, intelligence, or operations and support program, that imposes need-to-know and access controls beyond those normally provided for access to confidential, secret, or top secret information. Also called SAP. (JP 3-05) Terms and Definitions 218 special cargo — Cargo that requires special handling or protection, such as pyrotechnics, detonators, watches, and precision instruments. (JP 4-01.5) special forces — United States Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called SF. (JP 3-05) special forces group — The largest Army combat element for special operations consisting of command and control, special forces battalions, and a support battalion capable of long duration missions. Also called SFG. (JP 3-05) specialization — An arrangement within an alliance wherein a member or group of members most suited by virtue of technical skills, location, or other qualifications assume(s) greater responsibility for a specific task or significant portion thereof for one or more other members. (JP 3-16) special mission unit — A generic term to represent an organization composed of operations and support personnel that is task-organized to perform highly classified activities. Also called SMU. (JP 3-05) special operations — Operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and characterized by one or more of the following: time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. (JP 3-05) special operations command and control element — A special operations element that is the focal point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with conventional forces activities. Also called SOCCE. See also command and control; joint force special operations component commander; special operations; special operations forces. (JP 3-05) special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Services designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF. See also Air Force special operations forces; Army special operations forces; Navy special operations forces. (JP 3-05) special operations joint task force — A modular, tailorable, and scalable special operations task force designed to provide integrated, fully-capable, and enabled joint special operations forces to geographic combatant commanders and joint force commanders. Also called SOJTF. (JP 3-05) special operations liaison element — A special operations liaison team provided by the joint force special operations component commander to coordinate, deconflict, and synchronize special operations air, surface, and subsurface operations with conventional Terms and Definitions 219 air operations. Also called SOLE. See also joint force air component commander; joint force special operations component commander; special operations. (JP 3-05) special operations-peculiar — Equipment, material, supplies, and services required for special operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement. See also Service-common; special operations. (JP 3-05) special operations task force — A scalable unit, normally of battalion size, in charge of the special operations element, organized around the nucleus of special operations forces and support elements. Also called SOTF. (JP 3-05) special operations weather team — A task organized team of Air Force personnel organized, trained, and equipped to collect critical environmental information from data sparse areas. (JP 3-05) special operations wing — An Air Force special operations wing. Also called SOW. (JP 3-05) special reconnaissance — Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces. Also called SR. (JP 3-05) special tactics team — An Air Force task-organized element of special tactics that may include combat control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations weather personnel. Also called STT. See also combat search and rescue; special operations; special operations forces; terminal attack control. (JP 3-05) specified combatant command — A command, normally composed of forces from a single Military Department, that has a broad, continuing mission, normally functional, and is established and so designated by the President through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 1) specified task — In the context of planning, a task that is specifically assigned to an organization by its higher headquarters. See also essential task; implied task. (JP 5-0) split-mission oriented protective posture — The concept of maintaining heightened protective posture only in those areas (or zones) that are contaminated, allowing personnel in uncontaminated areas to continue to operate in a reduced posture. Also called split-MOPP. (JP 3-11) spoke — The portion of the hub and spoke distribution system that refers to transportation mode operators responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the “hub”. See also distribution; distribution system; hub; hub and spoke distribution. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 220 spot — 1. To determine by observation, deviations of ordnance from the target for the purpose of supplying necessary information for the adjustment of fire. 2. To place in a proper location. 3. An approved shipboard helicopter landing site. See also ordnance. (JP 3-02) spot net — Radio communication net used by a spotter in calling fire. (JP 3-09.3) spot report — A concise narrative report of essential information covering events or conditions that may have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and operations that is afforded the most expeditious means of transmission consistent with requisite security. Also called SPOTREP. (Note: In reconnaissance and surveillance usage, spot report is not to be used.) (JP 3-09.3) spotter — An observer stationed for the purpose of observing and reporting results of naval gunfire to the firing agency and who also may be employed in designating targets. (JP 3-09) spotting — Parking aircraft in an approved shipboard landing site. (JP 3-04) spreader bar — A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers or vehicles and breakbulk cargo. (JP 4-01.6) squadron — 1. An organization consisting of two or more divisions of ships or two or more divisions (Navy) or flights of aircraft. 2. The basic administrative aviation unit of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. 3. Battalion-sized ground or aviation units. (JP 3-32) stability activities — Various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0) stabilized patient — A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock treated, and fractures are immobilized. (JP 4-02) stable patient — A patient for whom no inflight medical intervention is expected but the potential for medical intervention exists. (JP 4-02) staff estimate — A continual evaluation of how factors in a staff section’s functional area support and impact the planning and execution of the mission. (JP 5-0) staff judge advocate — A judge advocate so designated in the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, and the principal legal advisor of a Navy, Coast Guard, or joint force command who is a judge advocate. Also called SJA. (JP 1-04) Terms and Definitions 221 staging — Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and sustaining materiel in preparation for onward movement. See also staging area. (JP 3-35) staging area — 1. Airborne – A general locality between the mounting area and the objective of an airborne expedition through which the expedition, or parts thereof, pass after mounting, for refueling; regrouping; and/or exercise, inspection, and redistribution of troops. (JP 3-35) 2. Other movements – A general locality established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel between movements over the lines of communications. (JP 3-35) 3. In amphibious operations, one or more intervening ports for refueling, logistic support, emergency repairs, or final rehearsals. Also called SA. See also airborne; marshalling; staging. (JP 3-02) staging base — 1. An advanced naval base for the anchoring, fueling, and refitting of transports and cargo ships as well as replenishment of mobile service squadrons. (JP 4-01.2) 2. A landing and takeoff area with minimum servicing, supply, and shelter provided for the temporary occupancy of military aircraft during the course of movement from one location to another. (JP 3-18) stakeholder — In public affairs, an individual or group that is directly impacted by military operations, actions, and/or outcomes, and whose interests positively or negatively motivate them toward action. (JP 3-61) standardization — The process by which the Department of Defense achieves the closest practicable cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of: a. common or compatible operational, administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical procedures and criteria; c. common, compatible, or interchangeable supplies, components, weapons, or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine with corresponding organizational compatibility. (JP 4-02) standard operating procedure — A set of instructions applicable to those features of operations that lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness. Also called SOP; standing operating procedure. (JP 3-31) standard use Army aircraft flight route — Route established below the coordination level to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets; it is normally located in the corps through brigade rear areas of operation and does not require approval by the airspace control authority. Also called SAAFR. (JP 3-52) Standby Reserve — Those units and members of the Reserve Component (other than those in the Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve) who are liable for active duty only, as provided in Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10151, 12301, and 12306. See also active duty; Ready Reserve; Reserve Component; Retired Reserve. (JP 4-05) Terms and Definitions 222 standing rules for the use of force — Preapproved directives to guide United States forces on the use of force during various operations. Also called SRUF. (JP 3-28) stateless person — A person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law. See also dislocated civilian; displaced person; evacuee; refugee. (JP 3-29) station time — In air transport operations, the time at which crews, passengers, and cargo are to be on board and ready for the flight. (JP 3-17) status-of-forces agreement — A bilateral or multilateral agreement that defines the legal position of a visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Also called SOFA. (JP 3-16) sterilizer — In mine warfare, a device included in mines to render the mine permanently inoperative on expiration of a pre-determined time after laying. (JP 3-15) stockage objective — The maximum quantities of materiel to be maintained on hand to sustain current operations, which will consist of the sum of stocks represented by the operating level and the safety level. (JP 4-08) stop-loss — Presidential authority under Title 10, United States Code, Section 12305, to suspend laws relating to promotion, retirement, or separation of any member of the Armed Forces of the United States determined essential to the national security of the United States, to include reservists if serving on active duty under Title 10, United States Code, authorities for Presidential Reserve Call-up, partial mobilization, or full mobilization. See also mobilization; partial mobilization; Presidential Reserve Call-up. (JP 4-05) stowage — The placement of cargo into a hold or compartment or on a deck of a ship in such a way as to prevent damage from load shifts while the ship is underway. (JP 3-02) stowage factor — The number that expresses the space, in cubic feet, occupied by a long ton of any commodity as prepared for shipment, including all crating or packaging. (JP 4-01.2) stowage plan — A completed stowage diagram showing what materiel has been loaded and its stowage location in each hold, between-deck compartment, or other space in a ship, including deck space. (JP 4-01.5) strategic direction — The strategy and intent of the President, Secretary of Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in pursuit of national interests. (JP 5-0) strategic estimate — The broad range of strategic factors that influence the commander’s understanding of the operational environment and the determination of missions, objectives, and courses of action. See also estimate. (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 223 strategic guidance — The written products by which the President, Secretary of Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provide strategic direction. (JP 5-0) strategic intelligence — Intelligence required for the formation of policy and military plans at national and international levels. See also intelligence; operational intelligence; tactical intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) strategic level of warfare — The level of warfare at which a nation, often as a member of a group of nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve those objectives. See also operational level of warfare; tactical level of warfare. (JP 3-0) strategic mobility — The capability to deploy and sustain military forces worldwide in support of national strategy. (JP 4-01) strategic sealift — The afloat pre-positioning and ocean movement of military materiel in support of United States and multinational forces. (JP 4-01.5) strategic sealift shipping — Common-user ships of the Military Sealift Command force, including pre-positioned ships after their pre-positioning mission has been completed and they have been returned to the operational control of the Military Sealift Command. See also Military Sealift Command; Military Sealift Command force. (JP 4-01.2) strategy — A prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater, national, and/or multinational objectives. (JP 3-0) strike — An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. (JP 3-0) strike coordination and reconnaissance — A mission flown for the purpose of detecting targets and coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets. Also called SCAR. (JP 3-03) structured observation management — The framework for normalizing how geospatial intelligence observations from sensors and sources is captured, organized, and shared. Also called SOM. (JP 2-03) stuffing — Packing of cargo into a container. See also unstuffing. (JP 4-09) submarine operating authority — The naval commander exercising operational control of submarines. Also called SUBOPAUTH. (JP 3-32) Terms and Definitions 224 subordinate campaign plan — A combatant command prepared plan that satisfies the requirements under a Department of Defense campaign plan, which, depending upon the circumstances, transitions to a supported or supporting plan in execution. (JP 5-0) subordinate command — A command consisting of the commander and all those individuals, units, detachments, organizations, or installations that have been placed under the command by the authority establishing the subordinate command. (JP 1) subordinate unified command — A command established by commanders of unified commands, when so authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for unified commands. See also area command; functional component command; operational control; subordinate command; unified command. (JP 1) subsidiary landing — In an amphibious operation, a landing usually made outside the designated landing area. (JP 3-02) subversion — Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or political strength or morale of a governing authority. See also unconventional warfare. (JP 3-24) supercargo — Personnel that accompany cargo on board a ship for the purpose of accomplishing en route maintenance and security. (JP 4-01.5) supplies — In logistics, all materiel and items used in the equipment, support, and maintenance of military forces. See also component; equipment. (JP 4-0) supply — The procurement, distribution, maintenance while in storage, and salvage of supplies, including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. a. producer phase—That phase of military supply that extends from determination of procurement schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the Services. b. consumer phase— That phase of military supply that extends from receipt of finished supplies by the Services through issue for use or consumption. (JP 4-0) supply chain — The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel stage to an end user as a finished product. See also supply; supply chain management. (JP 4-09) supply chain management — A cross-functional approach to procuring, producing, and delivering products and services to customers. See also supply; supply chain. (JP 4-09) supply support activity — Activities assigned a Department of Defense activity address code and that have a supply support mission. Also called SSA. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 225 support — 1. The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another force in accordance with a directive requiring such action. 2. A unit that helps another unit in battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in combat. See also close support; direct support; general support; inter-Service support; mutual support. (JP 1) supported commander — 1. The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects of a task assigned by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3110.01J, (U) 2015 Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP), or other joint planning authority. 2. In the context of joint planning, the commander who prepares operation plans or operation orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 3. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who receives assistance from another commander’s force or capabilities, and who is responsible for ensuring that the supporting commander understands the assistance required. See also support; supporting commander. (JP 3-0) supported unit — As related to contracted support, a supported unit is the organization that is the recipient, but not necessarily the requester of, contractor-provided support. See also requiring activity. (JP 4-10) supporting arms — Weapons and weapons systems of all types employed to support forces by indirect or direct fire. (JP 3-02) supporting arms coordination center — A single location on board an amphibious warfare command ship in which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire support of the artillery, air, and naval gunfire are centralized. Also called SACC. See also fire support coordination center. (JP 3-09.3) supporting commander — 1. A commander who provides augmentation forces or other support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan. 2. In the context of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements, or sustains another commander’s force and who is responsible for providing the assistance required by the supported commander. See also support; supported commander. (JP 3-0) supporting fire — Fire delivered by supporting units to assist or protect a unit in combat. (JP 3-09) supporting operations — In amphibious operations, those operations conducted by forces other than those conducted by the amphibious force. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) supporting plan — An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander, a subordinate commander, or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported commander’s plan. See also supported commander; supporting commander. (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 226 suppression — Temporary or transient degradation by an opposing force of the performance of a weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives. (JP 3-01) suppression of enemy air defenses — Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also called SEAD. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electronic warfare. (JP 3-01) surface action group — A temporary or standing organization of combatant ships, other than carriers, tailored for a specific tactical mission. Also called SAG. See group; mission. (JP 3-32) surface combatant — A ship designed to engage in attacks against airborne, surface, subsurface, and shore targets. (JP 3-32) surface warfare — That portion of maritime warfare in which operations are conducted to destroy or neutralize enemy naval surface forces and merchant vessels. Also called SUW. (JP 3-32) surf line — The point offshore where waves and swells are affected by the underwater surface and become breakers. (JP 4-01.6) surf zone — The area of water from the surf line to the beach. See also surf line. (JP 4-01.6) surveillance — The systematic observation of aerospace, cyberspace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0) survivability — All aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while simultaneously deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34) survival, evasion, resistance, and escape — Actions performed by isolated personnel designed to ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or preparation for their return to friendly control. Also called SERE. (JP 3-50) suspect — 1. In counterdrug operations, a track of interest where correlating information actually ties the track of interest to alleged illegal drug operations. See also counterdrug operations; track of interest. 2. An identity applied to a track that is potentially hostile because of its characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality. See also assumed friend; neutral; unknown. (JP 3-07.4) sustainment — The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0) Terms and Definitions 227 sustainment, restoration, and modernization — The fuels asset sustainment program within Defense Logistics Agency Energy that provides a long-term process to cost- effectively sustain, restore, and modernize fuel facilities. Also called SRM. (JP 4-03) synchronization — 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time. 2. In the intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the operation plan to answer intelligence requirements in time to influence the decisions they support. (JP 2-0) synthesis — In intelligence usage, the examining and combining of processed information with other information and intelligence for final interpretation. (JP 2-0) system — A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally related group of regularly interacting or interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. (JP 3-0) systems support contract — A prearranged contract awarded by a Service acquisition program management office that provides technical support, maintenance and, in some cases, repair parts for selected military weapon and support systems. See also external support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10) Terms and Definitions 228 Intentionally Blank 229 T table of allowance — An equipment allowance document that prescribes basic allowances of organizational equipment, and provides the control to develop, revise, or change equipment authorization inventory data. Also called TOA. (JP 4-09) TABOO frequencies — Any friendly frequency of such importance that it must never be deliberately jammed or interfered with by friendly forces including international distress, safety, and controller frequencies. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) tactical air command center — The principal US Marine Corps air command and control agency from which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed. Also called Marine TACC. (JP 3-09.3) tactical air control center — The principal air operations installation (ship-based) from which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. Also called Navy TACC. (JP 3-09.3) tactical air control party — A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. Also called TACP. (JP 3-09.3) tactical air coordinator (airborne) — An officer who coordinates, from an aircraft, the actions of other aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces. Also called TAC(A). See also forward observer. (JP 3-09.3) tactical air direction center — An air operations installation under the overall control of the Navy tactical air control center or the Marine Corps tactical air command center, from which aircraft and air warning service functions of tactical air operations in support of amphibious operations are directed. Also called TADC. (JP 3-09.3) tactical air operations center — The principal air control agency of the United States Marine Corps air command and control system responsible for airspace control and management. Also called TAOC. (JP 3-09.3) tactical assembly area — An area that is generally out of the reach of light artillery and the location where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and rest, prior to moving to the line of departure. See also line of departure. (JP 3-35) Terms and Definitions 230 tactical combat casualty care — A set of trauma management guidelines focused on the most common causes of preventable deaths resulting from hostile action or terrorist activity. Also called TCCC. (JP 4-02) tactical combat force — A rapidly deployable, air-ground mobile combat unit, with appropriate combat support and combat service support assets assigned to and capable of defeating Level III threats including combined arms. Also called TCF. (JP 3-10) tactical control — The authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Also called TACON. See also combatant command; combatant command (command authority); operational control. (JP 1) tactical data link — A Joint Staff-approved, standardized communication link suitable for transmission of digital information, which interfaces two or more command and control or weapons systems via a single or multiple network architecture and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information. Also called TDL. (JP 6-0) tactical exploitation of national capabilities — Congressionally mandated program to improve the combat effectiveness of the Services through more effective military use of national programs. Also called TENCAP. (JP 2-01) tactical intelligence — Intelligence required for the planning and conduct of tactical operations. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) tactical level of warfare — The level of warfare at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. See also operational level of warfare; strategic level of warfare. (JP 3-0) tactical-logistical group — Representatives designated by troop commanders to assist Navy control officers aboard control ships in the ship-to-shore movement of troops, equipment, and supplies. Also called TACLOG group. (JP 3-02) tactical minefield — A minefield that is employed to directly attack enemy maneuver as part of a formation obstacle plan and is laid to delay, channel, or break up an enemy advance, giving the defending element a positional advantage over the attacker. (JP 3-15) tactical obstacle — An obstacle employed to disrupt enemy formations, to turn them into a desired area, to fix them in position under direct and indirect fires, or to block enemy penetrations. (JP 3-15) tactical questioning — The field-expedient initial questioning for information of immediate tactical value of a captured or detained person at or near the point of capture and before the individual is placed in a detention facility. Also called TQ. (JP 3-63) Terms and Definitions 231 tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel — A Marine Corps mission performed by an assigned and briefed aircrew for the specific purpose of the recovery of personnel, equipment, and/or aircraft when the tactical situation precludes search and rescue assets from responding and when survivors and their location have been confirmed. Also called TRAP. (JP 3-50) tactical reserve — A part of a force held under the control of the commander as a maneuvering force to influence future action. (JP 3-02) tactics — The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other. See also procedures; techniques. (CJCSM 5120.01) target — An entity or object that performs a function for the threat considered for possible engagement or other action. See also objective area. (JP 3-60) target acquisition — The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of capabilities that create the required effects. Also called TA. See also target analysis. (JP 3-60) target analysis — An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, priority of engagement, and capabilities required to create a desired effect. See also target acquisition. (JP 3-60) target area of interest — The geographical area where high-value targets can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Also called TAI. See also area of interest; high-value target; target. (JP 2-01.3) target audience — An individual or group selected for influence. Also called TA. (JP 3-13) target component — A set of targets within a target system performing a similar function. See also target. (JP 3-60) target development — The systematic examination of potential target systems—and their components, individual targets, and even elements of targets—to determine the necessary type and duration of the action that must be exerted on each target to create an effect that is consistent with the commander’s specific objectives. (JP 3-60) targeteer — An individual who has completed requisite training and guides the joint targeting cycle in their current duties. (JP 3-60) target element — A specific feature or part of a target that enables it to function and, which if engaged, may create specific effects on that target. (JP 3-60) Terms and Definitions 232 target folder — A folder, hardcopy or electronic, containing target intelligence and related materials prepared for planning and executing action against a specific target. See also target. (JP 3-60) target information center — The agency or activity responsible for collecting, displaying, evaluating, and disseminating information pertaining to potential targets. Also called TIC. See also target. (JP 3-02) targeting — The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. See also joint targeting coordination board; target. (JP 3-0) target intelligence — Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target or target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance. See also target. (JP 3-60) target location error — The difference between the coordinates generated for a target and the actual location of the target. Also called TLE. (JP 3-09.3) target materials — Graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video, or other presentations of target intelligence, primarily designed to support operations against designated targets by one or more weapon(s) systems. See also Air Target Materials Program. (JP 3-60) target nomination list — A prioritized list of targets drawn from the joint target list, or restricted target list, and nominated by component commanders, appropriate agencies, or the joint force commander’s staff for inclusion on the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called TNL. See also candidate target list; joint integrated prioritized target list; target. (JP 3-60) target of opportunity — 1. A target identified too late, or not selected for action in time, to be included in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. 2. A target visible to a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested. See also dynamic targeting; target; unanticipated target; unscheduled target. (JP 3-60) target reference point — A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent structure or terrain feature that can be used when describing a target location. Also called TRP. (JP 3-09.3) target system — All the targets situated in a particular geographic area and functionally related or a group of targets that are so related that their destruction will produce some particular effect desired by the attacker. See also target. (JP 3-60) Terms and Definitions 233 target system analysis — An all-source examination of potential target systems to determine relevance to stated objectives, military importance, and priority of attack. Also called TSA. (JP 3-60) target system assessment — The broad assessment of the overall impact and effectiveness of military force applied against the operation of an enemy target system, significant subdivisions of the system, or total combat effectiveness relative to the operational objectives established. See also target system. (JP 3-60) target system component — A related group of entities within a target system that perform or contribute toward a similar function. (JP 3-60) task — A clearly defined action or activity specifically assigned to an individual or organization that must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority. (JP 1) task element — A component of a naval task unit organized by the commander of a task unit or higher authority. (JP 3-32) task force — A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a task fleet or higher authority for the accomplishment of a specific task or tasks. Also called TF. (JP 3-32) task force counterintelligence coordinating authority —An individual in a joint force intelligence directorate, counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element, joint task force configuration that coordinates counterintelligence activities with other supporting counterintelligence organizations and agencies to ensure full counterintelligence coverage of the task force operational area. Also called TFCICA. See also counterintelligence; counterintelligence activities; joint task force. (JP 2-01.2) task group — A component of a naval task force organized by the commander of a task force or higher authority. Also called TG. (JP 3-32) tasking order — A method used to task and to disseminate to components, subordinate units, and command and control agencies projected targets and specific missions as well as general and specific instructions for accomplishment of the mission. Also called TASKORD. See also mission; target. (JP 3-05.1) task order — Order for services placed against an established contract. See also civil augmentation program. (JP 4-10) task organization — An organization that assigns to responsible commanders the means with which to accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action. (JP 3-33) task unit — A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task group or higher authority. Also called TU. (JP 3-32) Terms and Definitions 234 tear line — A physical line on an intelligence message or document separating categories of information that have been approved for foreign disclosure and release. (JP 2-0) technical analysis — In imagery interpretation, the precise description of details appearing on imagery. (JP 2-03) technical assistance — The providing of advice, assistance, and training pertaining to the installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment. (JP 3-22) technical intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and exploitation of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an adversary’s technological advantages. Also called TECHINT. See also exploitation; intelligence. (JP 2-0) technical nuclear forensics — The collection, analysis and evaluation of pre-detonation (intact) and post-detonation (exploded) radiological or nuclear materials, devices, and debris, as well as the immediate effects created by a nuclear detonation. (JP 3-41) technical review authority — The organization tasked to provide specialized technical or administrative expertise to the lead agent, primary review authority, Joint Staff doctrine sponsor, or coordinating review authority for joint publications. Also called TRA. See also coordinating review authority; joint publication; primary review authority. (CJCSM 5120.01) technical surveillance countermeasures — Techniques to detect, neutralize, and exploit technical surveillance technologies and hazards that permit the unauthorized access to or removal of information. Also called TSCM. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) techniques — Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks. See also procedures; tactics. (CJCSM 5120.01) telecommunications — Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, sounds, or information of any nature by wire, radio, visual, or other electromagnetic systems. (JP 6-0) telemedicine — Rapid access to shared and remote medical expertise by means of telecommunications and information technologies to deliver health services and exchange health information for the purpose of improving patient care. (JP 4-02) temporary contingency location — A locale that provides near-term support for a contingency operation and characterized by expedient infrastructure and support services that have been expanded beyond Service-organic capabilities. (JP 4-04) Terms and Definitions 235 temporary interment — A site for the purpose of: a. the interment of the remains if the circumstances permit; or b. the reburial of remains exhumed from an emergency interment. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) terminal — A facility designed to transfer cargo from one means of conveyance to another. See also facility. (JP 4-01.6) terminal attack control — The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons release clearance to attacking aircraft. See also joint terminal attack controller. (JP 3-09.3) terminal control — 1. A type of air control with the authority to direct aircraft to maneuver into a position to deliver ordnance, passengers, or cargo to a specific location or target. 2. Any electronic, mechanical, or visual control given to aircraft to facilitate target acquisition and resolution. See also terminal guidance. (JP 3-09.3) terminal guidance — 1. The guidance applied to a guided missile between midcourse guidance and arrival in the vicinity of the target. 2. Electronic, mechanical, visual, or other assistance given an aircraft pilot to facilitate arrival at, operation within or over, landing upon, or departure from an air landing or airdrop facility. See also terminal control. (JP 3-03) terminal guidance operations — Actions using electronic, mechanical, voice, or visual communications that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional information regarding a specific target location. Also called TGO. (JP 3-09) terminal operations — The reception, processing, and staging of passengers; the receipt, transit, storage, and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to destination. See also operation; terminal. (JP 4-01.5) terminal phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile that begins when the warhead or payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload detonates, releases its submunitions, or impacts. See also boost phase; midcourse phase. (JP 3-01) termination criteria — The specified standards approved by the President and/or the Secretary of Defense that must be met before a military operation can be concluded. (JP 3-0) terrain analysis — The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic information on the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on military operations. (JP 2-03) Terms and Definitions 236 terrain avoidance system — A system that provides the pilot or navigator of an aircraft with a situation display of the ground or obstacles so that the pilot can maneuver the aircraft to avoid the obstruction. (JP 3-50) terrain flight — Flight close to the Earth’s surface during which airspeed, height, and/or altitude are adapted to the contours and cover of the ground in order to avoid enemy detection and fire. Also called contour flight; low-level flight; nap-of-the-earth flight. (JP 3-09.3) territorial airspace — Airspace above land territory and internal, archipelagic, and territorial waters. (JP 1) territorial waters — A belt of ocean space adjacent to and measured from the coastal states baseline to a maximum width of 12 nautical miles. (JP 1) terrorism — The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious, political, or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce governments or societies in pursuit of goals that are usually political. See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; counterterrorism; force protection condition. (JP 3-07.2) terrorist threat level — A Department of Defense intelligence threat assessment of the level of terrorist threat faced by United States personnel and interests in a foreign country; the levels are expressed as LOW, MODERATE, SIGNIFICANT, and HIGH. (JP 3-07.2) theater — The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant command has been assigned responsibility. (JP 1) theater antisubmarine warfare commander — A Navy commander assigned to develop plans and direct assigned and attached assets for the conduct of antisubmarine warfare within an operational area. Also called TASWC. (JP 3-32) theater-assigned transportation assets — Transportation assets that are assigned under the combatant command (command authority) of a geographic combatant commander. See also combatant command (command authority). (JP 4-01) theater detainee reporting center — The field operating agency of the National Detainee Reporting Center responsible for maintaining information on all detainees and their personal property within a theater of operations or assigned area of operations. Also called TDRC. (JP 3-63) theater distribution — The flow of personnel, equipment, and materiel within theater to meet the geographic combatant commander’s missions. See also distribution; theater; theater distribution system. (JP 4-09) Terms and Definitions 237 theater distribution system — The four independent and mutually supported networks within an area of responsibility to meet the geographic combatant commander’s requirements: the physical network, the financial network, the information network, and the communications network. See also distribution; distribution plan; distribution system; theater; theater distribution. (JP 4-01) theater hospitalization capability — Essential care and health service support capabilities to either return the patient to duty and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate evacuation to a definitive care facility outside the theater, which is known as Role 3 in North Atlantic Treaty Organization doctrine. (JP 4-02) theater of operations — An operational area defined by the geographic combatant commander for the conduct or support of specific military operations. Also called TO. See also theater of war. (JP 3-0) theater of war — Defined by the President, Secretary of Defense, or the geographic combatant commander as the area of air, land, and water that is, or may become, directly involved in the conduct of major operations and campaigns involving combat. See also area of responsibility; theater of operations. (JP 3-0) theater special operations command — A subordinate unified command established by a combatant commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations. Also called TSOC. See also special operations. (JP 3-05) theater strategy — An overarching construct outlining a combatant commander’s vision for integrating and synchronizing military activities and operations with the other instruments of national power to achieve national strategic objectives. See also national military strategy; national security strategy; strategy. (JP 3-0) theater support contract — A type of contingency contract awarded by contracting officers in the operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service component or designated joint head of contracting activity for the designated contingency operation. See also external support contract; systems support contract. (JP 4-10) thermal crossover — The natural phenomenon that normally occurs twice daily when temperature conditions are such that there is a loss of contrast between two adjacent objects on infrared imagery. (JP 3-09.3) thermal radiation — 1. The heat and light produced by a nuclear explosion. 2. Electromagnetic radiations emitted from a heat or light source as a consequence of its temperature. (JP 3-41) thorough decontamination — Decontamination carried out by a unit to reduce contamination on personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or working areas equal to natural background or to the lowest possible levels, to permit the partial or total removal of Terms and Definitions 238 individual protective equipment and to maintain operations with minimum degradation. See also immediate decontamination; operational decontamination. (JP 3-11) threat analysis — In antiterrorism, a continual process of compiling and examining all available information concerning potential terrorist activities by terrorist groups which could target a facility. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) threat assessment — In antiterrorism, examining the capabilities, intentions, and activities, past and present, of terrorist organizations as well as the security environment within which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat. Also called TA. (JP 3-07.2) threat warning — The urgent communication and acknowledgement of time-critical information essential for the preservation of life and/or vital resources. (JP 2-01) throughput — 1. In transportation, the average quantity of cargo and passengers that can pass through a port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or plane, or from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port complex. (JP 4-01.5) 2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of patients (stable or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, transported, and received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period. (JP 4-02) throughput capacity — The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo and/or passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed in any agreed upon unit of measurement. See also clearance capacity. (JP 4-01.5) time-definite delivery — The consistent delivery of requested logistic support at a time and destination specified by the receiving activity. See also logistic support. Also called TDD. (JP 4-09) time of flight — In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, the time in seconds from the instant a weapon is fired, launched, or released from the delivery vehicle or weapons system to the instant it strikes or detonates. Also called TOF. (JP 3-09) time on target — The actual time at which munitions impact the target. Also called TOT. (JP 3-09.3) time-phased force and deployment data — The time-phased force, non-unit cargo, and personnel data combined with movement data for the operation plan, operation order, or ongoing rotation of forces. Also called TPFDD. (JP 5-0) times — The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff coordinates the proposed dates and times with the commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as any recommended changes to when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days end at 2400 hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and are assumed to be 24 hours long for planning). (JP 5-0) Terms and Definitions 239 time-sensitive target — A joint force commander-validated target or set of targets requiring immediate response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60) time to target — The number of minutes and seconds to elapse before aircraft ordnance impacts on target. Also called TTT. (JP 3-09.3) tophandler — A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers from the top with rough terrain container handlers. See also container. (JP 4-01.6) topographic map — A map that presents the vertical position of features in measurable form as well as their horizontal positions. (JP 2-03) total mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces of the United States resulting from action by Congress and the President to organize and/or generate additional units or personnel beyond the existing force structure, and the resources needed for their support, to meet the total requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security. (JP 4-05) toxic industrial biological — Any biological material manufactured, used, transported, or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious or toxic threat. Also called TIB. (JP 3-11) toxic industrial chemical — A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard. Also called TIC. (JP 3-11) toxic industrial material — A generic term for toxic, chemical, biological, or radioactive substances in solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for use, for industrial, commercial, medical, military, or domestic purposes. Also called TIM. (JP 3-11) toxic industrial radiological — Any radiological material manufactured, used, transported, or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes. Also called TIR. (JP 3-11) track — 1. A series of related contacts displayed on a data display console or other display device. 2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. 3. To lock onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properly aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. 5. The actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two endless belts on which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a path for a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted machine gun. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 240 track correlation — Correlating track information for identification purposes using all available data. (JP 3-01) tracking — Precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical, or other means. (JP 3-07.4) track management — Defined set of procedures whereby the commander ensures accurate friendly and enemy unit and/or platform locations and a dissemination procedure for filtering, combining, and passing that information to higher, adjacent, and subordinate commanders. (JP 3-01) track of interest — In counterdrug operations, contacts that meet the initial identification criteria applicable in the area where the contacts are detected. Also called TOI. See also suspect. (JP 3-07.4) tradecraft — 1. Specialized methods and equipment used in the organization and activity of intelligence organizations, especially techniques and methods for handling communications with agents. 2. Operational practices and skills used in the performance of intelligence related duties. (JP 2-01.2) traffic management — The direction, control, and supervision of all functions incident to the procurement and use of freight and passenger transportation services. (JP 4-09) training aid — Any item developed or procured with the primary intent that it shall assist in training and the process of learning. (JP 1-06) training and readiness oversight — The authority that combatant commanders may exercise over assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on active duty for training. Also called TRO. See also combatant commander. (JP 1) transient forces — Forces that pass or stage through, or base temporarily within, the operational area of another command but are not under its operational control. See also force. (JP 1) transitional military authority — Temporary military government exercising the functions of civil administration in the absence of a legitimate civil authority. (JP 3-07) transit zone — The path taken by either airborne or seaborne smugglers. See also arrival zone. (JP 3-07.4) transmission security — The component of communications security that results from all measures designed to protect communications from interception and exploitation by means other than cryptanalysis. Also called TRANSEC. See also communications security. (JP 6-0) Terms and Definitions 241 transnational threat — Any activity, individual, or group not tied to a particular country or region that operates across international boundaries and threatens United States national security or interests. (JP 3-26) transport area — In amphibious operations, an area assigned to a transport organization for the purpose of debarking troops and equipment. See also inner transport area; outer transport area. (JP 3-02) transportation component command — A major command of its parent Service under United States Transportation Command, which includes Air Force Air Mobility Command, Navy Military Sealift Command, and Army Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. Also called TCC. (JP 4-01.6) transportation feasibility — A determination that the capability exists to move forces, equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the final destination within the time required. See also operation plan. (JP 4-09) transportation feasible — A determination made by the supported commander that a draft operation plan can be supported with the identified or assumed transportation assets. (JP 5-0) transportation priorities — Indicators assigned to eligible traffic that establish its movement precedence. (JP 4-09) transportation system — All the land, water, and air routes and transportation assets conducting movement of United States forces and their supplies during military operations. (JP 4-01) transport group — An element that directly deploys and supports the landing of the landing force and is functionally designated as a transport group in the amphibious task force organization. (JP 3-02) transshipment point — A location where material is transferred between vehicles. (JP 4-01.5) troop space cargo — Cargo, such as sea or barracks bags, bedding rolls or hammocks, locker trunks, and office equipment, normally stowed in an accessible place, as well as normal hand-carried combat equipment and weapons to be carried ashore by the assault troops. (JP 3-02) turnaround — The length of time between arriving at a point and being ready to depart from that point. (JP 4-01.5) turning movement — A variation of the envelopment in which the attacking force passes around or over the enemy’s principal defensive positions to secure objectives deep in Terms and Definitions 242 the enemy’s rear to force the enemy to abandon his position or divert major forces to meet the threat. (JP 3-06) 243 U unanticipated target — A target of opportunity that was unknown or not expected to exist in the operational environment. See also operational area; target; target of opportunity. (JP 3-60) unauthorized commitment — An agreement that is not binding solely because the United States Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that agreement on behalf of the United States Government. (JP 4-10) uncertain environment — Operational environment in which host government forces, whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) unconventional assisted recovery — Nonconventional assisted recovery conducted by special operations forces. Also called UAR. See also evader; recovery. (JP 3-50) unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell — A compartmented special operations forces cell, established to coordinate, synchronize, and deconflict nonconventional assisted recovery operations within the operational area assigned to the joint force commander. Also called UARCC. See also joint operations center; joint personnel recovery center; special operations forces; unconventional assisted recovery. (JP 3-50) unconventional warfare — Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW. (JP 3-05.1) undersea warfare — Military operations conducted to establish and maintain control of the undersea portion of a maritime operational area. Also called USW. See also antisubmarine warfare; mine warfare. (JP 3-32) underwater demolition — The destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles that is normally accomplished by underwater demolition teams. (JP 3-34) underwater demolition team — A group of officers and enlisted specially trained and equipped to accomplish the destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles and associated tasks. (JP 3-34) unexploded explosive ordnance — Explosive ordnance that has been primed, fused, armed or otherwise prepared for action, and that has been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause. Also called UXO. See also explosive ordnance. (JP 3-42) Terms and Definitions 244 unified action — The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort. (JP 1) unified combatant command — See unified command. (JP 1) unified command — A command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also called unified combatant command. See also combatant command; subordinate unified command. (JP 1) Unified Command Plan — The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic guidance to all unified combatant commanders; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical area of responsibility for geographic combatant commanders; and specifies functional responsibilities for functional combatant commanders. Also called UCP. See also combatant command; combatant commander. (JP 1) unified geospatial-intelligence operations — The collaborative and coordinated process to assess, align, and execute geospatial intelligence across the National System for Geospatial Intelligence and its partner organizations. Also called UGO. (JP 2-03) uniformed services — The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Public Health Services. See also Military Department; Service. (JP 1-0) unit — 1. Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority. 2. An organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force.(JP 3-33) unit aircraft — Those aircraft provided an aircraft unit for the performance of a flying mission. (JP 3-17) United States — Includes the land area, internal waters, territorial sea, and airspace of the United States, including a. United States territories; and b. Other areas over which the United States Government has complete jurisdiction and control or has exclusive authority or defense responsibility. (JP 1) United States Armed Forces — Used to denote collectively the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. See also Armed Forces of the United States. (JP 1) Terms and Definitions 245 United States-controlled shipping — Shipping under United States flag and selected ships under foreign flag considered to be under effective United States control. See also effective United States-controlled ships. (JP 4-01.2) United States message text format — A program designed to enhance joint and combined combat effectiveness through standardization of message formats, data elements, and information exchange procedures. Also called USMTF. (JP 3-50) United States Naval Ship — A public vessel of the United States that is in the custody of the Navy and is: a. Operated by the Military Sealift Command and manned by a civil service crew; or b. Operated by a commercial company under contract to the Military Sealift Command and manned by a merchant marine crew. Also called USNS. See also Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2) United States person — A United States citizen; an alien known by the concerned intelligence agency to be a permanent resident alien; an unincorporated association substantially composed of United States citizens or permanent resident aliens; or a corporation incorporated in the United States, except for those directed and controlled by a foreign government or governments. (JP 2-01.2) United States Transportation Command patient movement requirements center — A United States Transportation Command activity responsible for intratheater patient movement management (medical regulating and aeromedical evacuation scheduling), the development of theater-level patient movement plans and schedules, the monitoring and execution in concert with the Global Patient Movement Requirements Center. Also called TPMRC. (JP 4-02) unit identification code — A six-character, alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies each Active, Reserve, and National Guard unit of the Armed Forces. Also called UIC. (JP 1-0) unit line number — A seven-character alphanumeric code that describes a unique increment of a unit deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and air, reception team, or trail party, in the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called ULN. (JP 3-35) unit movement data — A unit equipment and/or supply listing containing corresponding transportability data. Also called UMD. (JP 3-35) unit personnel and tonnage table — A table included in the loading plan of a combat- loaded ship as a recapitulation of totals of personnel and cargo by type, listing cubic measurements and weight. Also called UP&TT. (3-02.1) unit type code — A Joint Chiefs of Staff-developed and -assigned code, consisting of five characters that uniquely identify a “type unit.” Also called UTC. (JP 3-35) Terms and Definitions 246 unity of command — The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose. (JP 3-0) unity of effort — Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the product of successful unified action. (JP 1) Universal Joint Task List — A menu of tasks that may be selected by a joint force commander to accomplish the assigned mission. Also called UJTL. (JP 3-33) Universal Time — A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping. Also called ZULU time. (JP 5-0) unknown — 1. A code meaning “information not available.” 2. An unidentified target. An aircraft or ship that has not been determined to be hostile, friendly, or neutral using identification friend or foe and other techniques, but that must be tracked by air defense or naval engagement systems. 3. An identity applied to an evaluated track that has not been identified. See also assumed friend; friend; neutral; suspect. (JP 3-01) unmanned aircraft — An aircraft that does not carry a human operator and is capable of flight with or without human remote control. Also called UA. (JP 3-30) unmanned aircraft system — That system whose components include the necessary equipment, network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. Also called UAS. (JP 3-30) unrestricted reporting — A process that a Service member uses to disclose, without requesting confidentiality or restricted reporting, that he or she is the victim of a sexual assault. (JP 1-0) unscheduled target — A target of opportunity that is known to exist in the operational environment. See also operational area; target; target of opportunity. (JP 3-60) unstable patient — A patient whose physiological status is in fluctuation and for whom emergent, treatment, and/or surgical intervention are anticipated during treatment or evacuation, and the patient’s rapidly changing status and requirements are beyond the standard en route care capability and requires medical/surgical augmentation. (JP 4-02) unstuffing — The removal of cargo from a container. Also called stripping. (JP 4-09) use of force policy — Policy guidance issued by the Commandant, United States Coast Guard, on the use of force and weapons. (JP 3-03) Terms and Definitions 247 US forces — All Armed Forces (including the Coast Guard) of the United States, any person in the Armed Forces of the United States, and all equipment of any description that either belongs to the US Armed Forces or is being used (including Type I and II Military Sealift Command vessels), escorted, or conveyed by the US Armed Forces. (JP 1) US national — US citizen and US permanent and temporary legal resident aliens. (JP 1) Terms and Definitions 248 249 V validate — Execution procedure used by combatant command components, supporting combatant commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for automation purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. (JP 5-0) validation — 1. A process associated with the collection and production of intelligence that confirms that an intelligence collection or production requirement is sufficiently important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. (JP 2-01) 2. A part of target development that ensures all candidate targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in the commander’s guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war and rules of engagement. (JP 3-60) 3. In the context of time-phased force and deployment data validation, it is an execution procedure whereby all the information records in the time- phased force and deployment data are confirmed error-free and accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units and requirements. (JP 3-35) 4. A global force management procedure for assessing combatant command requirements to determine viability, for sourcing, with respect to risk and prioritization between competing needs and the nature of the requirement. See also time-phased force and deployment data; verification. (JP 3-35) vehicle-borne improvised explosive device — A device placed or fabricated in an improvised manner on a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. Also called VBIED. (JP 3-10) vehicle cargo — Wheeled or tracked equipment, including weapons, that require certain deck space, head room, and other definite clearance. (JP 4-01.2) vehicle summary and priority table — A table detailing all vehicles by priority of debarkation from a combat-loaded ship. Also called VS&PT. (JP 3-02.1) verification — 1. In arms control, any action, including inspection, detection, and identification, taken to ascertain compliance with agreed measures. (JP 3-41) 2. In computer modeling and simulation, the process of determining that a model or simulation implementation accurately represents the developer’s conceptual description and specifications. See also configuration management; validation. (JP 3-13.1) vertical replenishment — The use of a helicopter for the transfer of materiel to or from a ship. Also called VERTREP. (JP 3-04) Terms and Definitions 250 vertical stowage — A method of stowage in depth within a single compartment by which loaded items are continually accessible for unloading and the unloading can be completed without corresponding changes or prior unloading of other cargo. (JP 3-02) vetting — A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to targeting. (JP 3-60) visual information — Various visual media with or without sound that generally includes still and motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61) visual meteorological conditions — Weather conditions in which visual flight rules apply; expressed in terms of visibility, ceiling height, and aircraft clearance from clouds along the path of flight. Also called VMC. See also instrument meteorological conditions. (JP 3-04) Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement — An agreement that provides the Department of Defense with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements. Also called VISA. See also intermodal. (JP 4-01.2) voluntary tanker agreement — An agreement established by the Maritime Administration to provide for United States commercial tanker owners and operators to voluntarily make their vessels available to satisfy the Department of Defense to meet contingency or war requirements for point-to-point petroleum, oils, and lubricants movements. Also called VTA. (JP 4-01.2) vulnerability — 1. The susceptibility of a nation or military force to any action by any means through which its war potential or combat effectiveness may be reduced or its will to fight diminished. (JP 3-01) 2. The characteristics of a system that can cause it to be degraded (incapability to perform the designated function or mission) as a result of being subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (man-made) hostile environment. (JP 3-60) 3. In information operations, a weakness in information system security design, procedures, implementation, or internal controls that could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to information or an information system. See also information operations. (JP 3-13) vulnerability assessment — A Department of Defense, command, or unit-level evaluation (assessment) to determine the vulnerability of an installation, unit, exercise, port, ship, residence, facility, or other site to a terrorist attack. Also called VA. (JP 3-07.2) 251 W walk-in — An unsolicited contact who provides information. (JP 2-01.2) warden system — An informal method of communication used to pass information to United States citizens living in affected areas overseas during emergencies. See also noncombatant evacuation operation. (JP 3-68) warning intelligence — Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report time- sensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that forewarn of hostile actions or intention against United States entities, partners, or interests. (JP 2-0) warning order — 1. A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow. 2. A planning directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of action by a commander. Also called WARNORD. (JP 5-0) wartime reserve modes — Characteristics and operating procedures of sensor, communications, navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons, and countermeasures systems that will contribute to military effectiveness if unknown to or misunderstood by opposing commanders before they are used, but could be exploited or neutralized if known in advance. Also called WARM. (JP 3-13.1) Washington Liaison Group — An organization consisting of members of Department of State and Department of Defense, chaired by a representative of Department of State, which has basic responsibility for the coordination and implementation of plans for the protection and evacuation in emergencies of persons abroad for whom the Secretaries of State or Defense are responsible. Also called WLG. (JP 3-68) waterspace management — The allocation of waterspace in terms of antisubmarine warfare attack procedures to permit the rapid and effective engagement of hostile submarines while preventing inadvertent attacks on friendly submarines. Also called WSM. (JP 3-32) wave — A formation of forces, including landing craft, amphibious vehicles, or aircraft, required to beach or land about the same time. (JP 3-02) weaponeer — An individual who has completed requisite training to determine the means required to create a desired effect on a given target. (JP 3-60) weaponeering — The process of determining the specific means required to create a desired effect on a given target. (JP 3-60) weapon engagement zone — In air and missile defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. Also called WEZ. (JP 3-01) Terms and Definitions 252 weapons control status — An air and missile defense control measure declared for a particular area and time by an area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate commander, based on the rules of engagement that establish the conditions under which fighters and surface air defense weapons are permitted to engage threats. Also call WCS. (JP 3-01) weapons free zone — An air defense zone established for the protection of key assets or facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at any target not positively recognized as friendly. (JP 3-01) weapons of mass destruction — Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties, and excluding the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from the weapon. Also called WMD. See also special operations. (JP 3-40) weapons of mass destruction proliferation — The transfer of weapons of mass destruction or related materials, technology, and expertise from suppliers to state or non-state actors. (JP 3-40) weapons readiness state — The degree of readiness of air defense weapons which can become airborne or be launched to carry out an assigned task, and normally expressed in numbers of weapons and numbers of minutes. (JP 3-01) weapons release authority — The authority originating from the President to engage or direct engagement of ballistic missile threats using the ground-based midcourse defense system. Also call WRA. (JP 3-01) weapons technical intelligence — A subcategory of technical intelligence derived from the technical and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, associated components, improvised weapons, and other systems. Also called WTI. (JP 3-15.1) weapon system — A combination of one or more weapons with all related equipment, materials, services, personnel, and means of delivery and deployment (if applicable) required for self-sufficiency. (JP 3-0) wellness — Force health protection program that consolidates and incorporates physical and mental fitness, health promotion, and environmental and occupational health. See also force health protection. (JP 4-02) wing — 1. An Air Force unit composed normally of one primary mission group and the necessary supporting organizations. 2. A fleet air wing is the basic organizational and administrative unit for naval-, land-, and tender-based aviation. 3. A balanced Marine Corps task organization of aircraft groups and squadrons, together with appropriate Terms and Definitions 253 command, air control, administrative, service, and maintenance units. 4. A flank unit; that part of a military force to the right or left of the main body. (JP 3-09.3) withdrawal operation — A planned retrograde operation in which a force in contact disengages from an enemy force and moves in a direction away from the enemy. (JP 3-17) witting — A term of intelligence art that indicates that one is not only aware of a fact or piece of information but also aware of its connection to intelligence activities. (JP 2-01.2) wounded warrior programs — A system of support and advocacy to guide and assist the wounded, ill, and injured Service members and family or designated caregiver through treatment, rehabilitation, return to duty, or military retirement into the civilian community. Each Military Department has a unique wounded warrior program that addresses its Service members' needs. (DODI 6025.22) working capital fund — A revolving fund established to finance inventories of supplies and other stores, or to provide working capital for industrial-type activities. (JP 1-06) working group — An enduring or ad hoc organization within a headquarters consisting of a core functional group and other staff and component representatives whose purpose is to provide analysis on the specific function to users. Also called WG. (JP 3-33) Terms and Definitions 254 Intentionally Blank 255 X Terms and Definitions 256 Intentionally Blank 257 Y Terms and Definitions 258 Intentionally Blank 259 Z zone of action — A tactical subdivision of a larger area, the responsibility for which is assigned to a tactical unit; generally applied to offensive action. (JP 3-09) zone of fire — An area into which a designated ground unit or fire support ship delivers, or is prepared to deliver, fire support. Also called ZF. (JP 3-09) Terms and Definitions 260 Intentionally Blank 261 SHORTENED WORD FORMS (ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INITIALISMS) see “Explanatory Notes” paragraph 4 for criteria A A&P analysis and production A-1 director of manpower, personnel, and services (USAF) A2 antiaccess A-2 intelligence staff officer (USAF) A-3 operations directorate (COMAFFOR staff); operations staff officer (USAF) A-4 director of logistics (USAF) A-5 plans directorate (COMAFFOR staff) A-6 communications staff officer (USAF) A-7 director of installations and mission support (USAF) AA assessment agent; avenue of approach AA&E arms, ammunition, and explosives AAA antiaircraft artillery; arrival and assembly area AABB American Association of Blood Banks AAC activity address code AACG arrival airfield control group AADC area air defense commander AADP area air defense plan AAFES Army and Air Force Exchange Service AAFS amphibious assault fuel system AAG aeronautical assignment group AAGS Army air-ground system AAM air-to-air missile AAMDC Army air and missile defense command AAOG arrival and assembly operations group AAP Allied administrative publication AAR after action report; after action review; air-to-air refueling area AATCC amphibious air traffic control center AAV amphibious assault vehicle AB air base ABCA American, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand ABCS Army Battle Command System ABCT armored brigade combat team ABFC advanced base functional component ABFDS aerial bulk fuel delivery system ABGD air base ground defense ABI activity-based intelligence ABL airborne laser ABLTS amphibious bulk liquid transfer system Shortened Word Forms 262 ABP air battle plan A/C aircraft AC Active Component AC2 airspace command and control ACA airlift clearance authority; airspace control authority; airspace coordination area ACB amphibious construction battalion ACC Air Combat Command; area coordination center ACCE air component coordination element ACD automated cargo documentation ACE Allied Command Europe; aviation combat element (USMC) ACEOI automated communications-electronics operating instructions ACINT acoustic intelligence ACL allowable cabin load ACM airspace coordinating measure ACO administrative contracting officer; airspace control order ACOS assistant chief of staff ACP airspace control plan; Allied communications publication ACS air-capable ship; airspace control system ACSA acquisition and cross-servicing agreement ACT advance civilian team; Allied Command Transformation ACU assault craft unit AD air defense; area denial; automatic distribution ADA air defense artillery; Antideficiency Act A/DACG arrival/departure airfield control group ADAFCO air defense artillery fire control officer ADAM air defense airspace management ADAM/BAE air defense airspace management/brigade aviation element ADAMS Allied Deployment and Movement System ADC air defense commander; area damage control ADCON administrative control ADCS air defense coordination section ADE airdrop damage estimate ADIZ air defense identification zone ADM air defense measure ADOS active duty for operational support ADP Army doctrine publication; automated data processing ADR airfield damage repair ADRP Army doctrine reference publication ADS air defense section; air defense sector; amphibian discharge site; authoritative data source ADUSD(TP) Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Transportation Policy ADVON advanced echelon Shortened Word Forms 263 ADWC air defense warning condition ADZ amphibious defense zone A/E ammunition/explosives AE aeromedical evacuation; assault echelon AECA Arms Export Control Act AECT aeromedical evacuation control team AEF air expeditionary force AEG air expeditionary group AEHF advanced extremely high frequency AELT aeromedical evacuation liaison team AEODP allied explosive ordnance disposal publication AEODPS Automated Explosive Ordnance Disposal Publication System AEOT aeromedical evacuation operations team AESC aeromedical evacuation support cell AETC Air Education and Training Command AETF air expeditionary task force AEW airborne early warning AF Air Force; Air Force (form); amphibious force AF/A2 Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance AFAPD Air Force Applications Program Development AFARN Air Force air request net AFATDS Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System AFB Air Force base AFCAP Air Force contract augmentation program AFCC Air Force Component Commander AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment AFCESA Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency AFDA Air Force doctrine annex AFDD Air Force doctrine document AFE Armed Forces Entertainment AFFOR Air Force forces AFH Air Force handbook AFHSB Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch (DHA) AFHSC Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center AFI Air Force instruction AFIAA Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency AFICA Air Force Installation Contracting Agency AFIP Armed Forces Institute of Pathology AFIS American Forces Information Service AFISRA Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Agency AFJI Air Force joint instruction AFLE Air Force liaison element Shortened Word Forms 264 AFMAN Air Force manual AFMC Air Force Materiel Command AFME Armed Forces Medical Examiner AFMES Armed Forces Medical Examiner System AFMS Air Force Medical Service AFNORTH Air Force North AFO advance force operations AFOE assault follow-on echelon AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations AFOSIMAN Air Force Office of Special Investigations manual AFPAM Air Force pamphlet AFPC Air Force Personnel Center AFPD Air Force policy directive AFR Air Force Reserve AFRAT Air Force Radiation Assessment Team AFRC Air Force Reserve Command AFRCC Air Force Rescue Coordination Center AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory AFRRI Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute AFRTS American Forces Radio and Television Service AFSB afloat forward staging base; Army field support brigade AFSC Army Field Support Center AFSCN Air Force Satellite Control Network AFSMO Air Force Spectrum Management Office AFSOAC Air Force special operations air component AFSOAD Air Force special operations air detachment AFSOAE Air Force special operations air element AFSOC Air Force Special Operations Command AFSOF Air Force special operations forces AFSPC Air Force Space Command AFSTRAT Air Forces Strategic AFTAC Air Force Technical Applications Center AFTRANS Air Force Transportation Component AFTTP Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures AFTTP(I) Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (instruction) AFW Air Force Weather AFWA Air Force Weather Agency AGILE Advanced Global Intelligence Learning Environment AGL above ground level AGO Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organization AGS aviation ground support AGT Automated Global Force Management Tool AH attack helicopter AHA alert holding area AHD antihandling device AI acquisition instruction; air interdiction Shortened Word Forms 265 AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIMD aircraft intermediate maintenance department AIMT air interdiction of maritime targets AIP aeronautical information publication AIRCOR air corridor AIRSUPREQ air support request AIS automated information system AIT automated information technology; automatic identification technology AJ anti-jam AJA annual joint assessment AJBPO area joint blood program office AJD allied joint doctrine AJODWG allied joint operations doctrine working group AJP Allied joint publication AKRCC Alaska Rescue Coordination Center ALARA as low as reasonably achievable ALCF airlift control flight ALCM air-launched cruise missile ALCOM United States Alaskan Command ALCT airlift control team ALD available-to-load date ALEP amphibious lift enhancement program ALERTORD alert order ALLOREQ allocation request ALN ammunition lot number ALO air liaison officer ALOC air line of communications ALP Allied logistic publication ALSA Air Land Sea Application (Center) ALSE aviation life support equipment ALSS advanced logistic support site ALT acquisition, logistics, and technology ALTRV altitude reservation AM amplitude modulation AMC airborne mission coordinator; Air Mobility Command AMCC allied movement coordination center AMCM airborne mine countermeasures AMC/SGXM Air Mobility Command/Command Surgeon’s Office AMCT air mobility control team AMD air and missile defense; air mobility division AMDC air and missile defense commander AMedP Allied medical publication AMEMB American Embassy AMETL agency mission-essential task list AMHS automated message handling system Shortened Word Forms 266 AMLO air mobility liaison officer AMOC Air and Marine Operations Center (DHS) AMOG air mobility operations group AMOS air mobility operations squadron AMOW air mobility operations wing AMP analysis of mobility platform AMP-PAT analysis of mobility platform suite of port analysis tools AMS Aerial Measuring System (DOE); air mobility squadron; Asset Management System AMS-TAC Automated Manifesting System–Tactical AMT aerial mail terminal amu atomic mass unit AMX air mobility express ANG Air National Guard ANGLICO air-naval gunfire liaison company ANR Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command Region ANSI American National Standards Institute AN/VRC Army Navy vehicle radio communications ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Treaty AO action officer; air officer; area of operations AOA amphibious objective area AOC air operations center AOD air operations directive AODB air operations database AOF azimuth of fire AOG Army Operations Group AOI area of interest AOR area of responsibility AOS aircraft on station AOTR aviation operational threat response AP allied publication; antipersonnel APAN All Partners Access Network APE airfield pavement evaluation APEX Adaptive Planning and Execution APF afloat pre-positioning force APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA) APL antipersonnel land mine APO Army post office APOD aerial port of debarkation APOE aerial port of embarkation APP allied procedural publication APS Army pre-positioned stocks APS-3 Army pre-positioned stocks-3 APTD aircraft position target designation APU auxiliary power unit Shortened Word Forms 267 AR air refueling; Army regulation ARC air Reserve Components; American Red Cross ARCENT United States Army Central Command ARCT air refueling control team ARDEC United States Army Armament Research, Development, and Engineering Center ARFOR Army forces ARG Accident Response Group (DOE); amphibious ready group ARM air reference measure; antiradiation missile ARNG Army National Guard ARS acute radiation syndrome ARSOF Army special operations forces ARSST Army space support team ARTYMET artillery meteorological A/S anti-spoofing ASA(ALT) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology ASAP as soon as possible ASAT antisatellite ASBP Armed Services Blood Program ASBPO Armed Services Blood Program Office ASC Army Sustainment Command ASCC Army Service component command; Army Service component commander ASCOPE areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events ASCS air support control section ASD(GSA) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs ASD(HA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) ASD(HD&ASA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs) ASD(HD&GS) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and Global Security) ASD(L&MR) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness ASD(NII) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration) ASD(OEPP) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy Plans and Programs ASD(PA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) ASD(RA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) ASD(SO/LIC) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low- Intensity Conflict Shortened Word Forms 268 ASD(SO/LIC&IC) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict and Interdependent Capabilities ASG Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence ASIC Air and Space Interoperability Council ASLT air support liaison team; assault support landing table ASM air-to-surface missile; Army Spectrum Manager ASMO Army Spectrum Management Office ASN(RD&A) Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition ASOC air support operations center ASOG air support operations group ASOS air support operations squadron ASP ammunition supply point A-Space Analytic Space ASPR Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (DHHS) ASR air support request ASW antisubmarine warfare ASWC antisubmarine warfare commander AT antiterrorism ATA antiterrorism assistance ATACMS Army Tactical Missile System ATC air traffic control ATCM air traffic control measure ATCS air traffic control section ATEP Antiterrorism Enterprise Portal ATF amphibious task force; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (DOJ) ATI asset target interaction ATO air tasking order; antiterrorism officer ATOC air terminal operations center ATP advanced targeting pod; allied tactical publication; Army tactical publication; Army technical publication; Army techniques publication ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (DHHS) ATTP Army tactics, techniques, and procedures AU African Union AUF airborne use of force AUSCANNZUKUS Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States AV asset visibility AVC Bureau of Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance (DOS) AVCAL aviation consolidated allowance list AVGAS aviation gasoline Shortened Word Forms 269 AVL anti-vehicle land mine AVS asset validation system AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System AWG Asymmetric Warfare Group (USA) AWNIS Allied Worldwide Navigational Information System AWOL absent without leave AXO abandoned explosive ordnance Shortened Word Forms 270 Intentionally Blank 271 B BAE brigade aviation element BAH basic allowance for housing BALO battalion air liaison officer BALS berthing and loading schedule BAS basic allowance for subsistence bbl barrel (42 US gallons) BCA border crossing authority BCC battle control center BCD battlefield coordination detachment (Army) BCG beach control group BCL battlefield coordination line BCOC base cluster operations center BCT brigade combat team BD barge derrick BDA battle damage assessment BDAREP battle damage assessment report BDC blood donor center BDE brigade BDOC base defense operations center BDR battle damage repair BDZ base defense zone BE basic encyclopedia BEAR base expeditionary airfield resources (USAF); basic expeditionary airfield resources BEB brigade engineer battalion BEI biometrics-enabled intelligence BEWL biometric-enabled watchlist BI battle injury BIA behavioral influences analysis BIAR biometric intelligence analysis report BIAS Battlefield Illumination Assistance System BICES battlefield information collection and exploitation system (NATO) BICON double container BIFS Border Intelligence Fusion Section BII base information infrastructure BIMA Biometrics Identity Management Agency BIS Bureau of Industry and Security (DOC) BKB blue kill box BLCP beach lighterage control point BLM Bureau of Land Management BLOS beyond line-of-sight BLT battalion landing team BM ballistic missile; beach module Shortened Word Forms 272 BMCT begin morning civil twilight BMD ballistic missile defense BMDS ballistic missile defense system BMET biomedical electronics technician BMNT begin morning nautical twilight BMU beachmaster unit BN battalion BOA basic ordering agreement BOC bomb on coordinate BOG beach operations group BOS base operating support BOS-I base operating support-integrator BOSS base operating support service BOT bomb on target BP battle position BPA blanket purchase agreement BPC building partnership capacity BPG beach party group BPLAN base plan bps bits per second BPT beach party team BRACE Base Resource and Capability Estimator BSA beach support area; brigade support area BSB brigade support battalion BSC behavioral science consultant BSI base support installation BSRP bureau strategic resource plan BSZ base security zone BT bathythermograph BTB believed-to-be BTC blood transshipment center BTU beach termination unit BTWC Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention BVR beyond visual range BW biological warfare BWC Biological Weapons Convention BZ buffer zone 273 C C Celsius C&E communications and electronics C&LAT cargo and loading analysis table C2 command and control C2CRE command and control chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response element C2S command and control support C-2X coalition Intelligence Directorate counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element C3 command, control, and communications C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence C4I command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence C4S command, control, communications, and computer systems CA chaplain assistant; civil administration; civil affairs; combat assessment; coordinating altitude; credibility assessment; criticality assessment CAA combat aviation advisor; command arrangement agreement CAAF contractors authorized to accompany the force CAB commander’s assessment board CAC common access card CACOM civil affairs command CAD Canadian air division; contract administration delegation CADS containerized ammunition distribution system CAF Canadian Air Force; combat air forces; commander, airborne/air assault force; commander, amphibious force; Conflict Assessment Framework (USAID) CAG civil affairs group CAGO contractor-acquired, government-owned CAIS civil authority information support CAISE civil authority information support element CAL caliber; critical asset list CALCM conventional air-launched cruise missile CALICS communication, authentication, location, intentions, condition, and situation CAMOC Caribbean Air and Marine Operations Center CAMPS Consolidated Air Mobility Planning System CANR Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command Region CANUS Canada-United States CANUS BDD Canada-United States Basic Defense Document CANUS CDP Canada-United States Combined Defense Plan Shortened Word Forms 274 CAO chief administrative officer; civil affairs operations; controlled asset operation CAOC combined air operations center CAP Civil Air Patrol; civil assistance plan; civil augmentation program; combat air patrol CAPM credibility assessment program manager CAPT civil affairs planning team CARA chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives analytical and remediation activity CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CAREUSA) CARP computed air release point CARVER criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and recognizability CAS close air support CASEVAC casualty evacuation CASF contingency aeromedical staging facility CAT category; civil affairs team; crisis action team CATF commander, amphibious task force CBCP Customs and Border Clearance Program (DOD) CBEC Contingency Basing Executive Council CBG coalition building guide CBIRF Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force CBMU construction battalion maintenance unit CBP capabilities-based planning; Customs and Border Protection (DHS) CBR chemical, biological, and radiological CBRN chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives (USA/NGB/USCG) CBSA Canadian Border Services Agency CbT combating terrorism CC component commander; critical capability CCA close combat attack; combat cargo assistant; contract construction agent CCAS contingency contract administration services CCATT critical care air transport team CCB configuration control board CCC coalition coordination center CCD camouflage, concealment, and deception CCDB consolidated counterdrug database CCDR combatant commander CCEB Combined Communications-Electronics Board CCG combat communications group CCICA command counterintelligence coordinating authority CCIF Combatant Commander Initiative Fund Shortened Word Forms 275 CCIP continuously computed impact point CCIR commander’s critical information requirement CCLI commerce control list item CCMD combatant command CCMF Cyber Combat Mission Force CCO central control officer; combat cargo officer; container control officer; contingency contracting officer CCP casualty collection point; combatant command campaign plan; consolidated cryptologic program; consolidation and containerization point CCR closed circuit refueling C-CS communication and computer systems CCS central control ship; commander’s communication synchronization; core capability set CCT combat control team CCTV closed circuit television CCW 1980 United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapons CD compact disc; counterdrug; customer direct CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DHHS) CDD chemical decontamination detachment CDE collateral damage estimation CDEMA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency CDHAM Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine CDI cargo disposition instructions CDIP combined defense improvement project CDIPO counterdrug intelligence preparation for operations CDM collateral damage methodology CDO commander, detainee operations CDOPS counterdrug operations CDP commander’s dissemination policy CDR commander CDRAFNORTH Commander, Air Force North CDRAFSOF commander, Air Force special operations forces CDRJSOTF commander, joint special operations task force CDRNORAD Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command CDRTSOC commander, theater special operations command CDRUSAFRICOM Commander, United States Africa Command CDRUSARNORTH Commander, United States Army, North CDRUSCENTCOM Commander, United States Central Command CDRUSCYBERCOM Commander, United States Cyber Command CDRUSELEMNORAD Commander, United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command CDRUSEUCOM Commander, United States European Command CDRUSINDOPACOM Commander, United States Indo-Pacific Command Shortened Word Forms 276 CDRUSNORTHCOM Commander, United States Northern Command CDRUSSOCOM Commander, United States Special Operations Command CDRUSSOUTHCOM Commander, United States Southern Command CDRUSSTRATCOM Commander, United States Strategic Command CDRUSTRANSCOM Commander, United States Transportation Command CDS Chief of Defence Staff (Canada); container delivery system CDSO counterdrug support office C-E communications-electronics CE circular error; command element (USMC); communications-electronics; core element; counterespionage CEA captured enemy ammunition CEB combat engineer battalion CEC civil engineer corps CECOM communications-electronics command CEE captured enemy equipment CEHC Counter Explosive Hazards Center (USA) CELLEX cellular exploitation CEMIRT civil engineer maintenance, inspection, and repair team CENTRIXS Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System CEOI communications-electronics operating instructions CEP Chairman’s Exercise Program CERF Central Emergency Revolving Fund (UN) CERFP chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives enhanced response force package CERP Commanders’ Emergency Response Program CERT computer emergency response team; contingency engineering response team CEW civilian expeditionary workforce CEXC combined explosives exploitation cell CF carrier furnished; causeway ferry; conventional forces CFA critical factors analysis CFACC combined force air component commander CFB Canadian forces base CFC Combined Forces Command, Korea CF-COP counterfire common operational picture CFL coordinated fire line CFLCC coalition forces land component commander CFO chief financial officer CFPM causeway ferry power module CFR Code of Federal Regulations CFST coalition forces support team CG Coast Guard; commanding general CG-652 Coast Guard Spectrum Management and Telecommunications Policy Division Shortened Word Forms 277 CGCG Coast Guard Cryptologic Group CGCIS Coast Guard Counterintelligence Service CGDEFOR Coast Guard defense force CGIS United States Coast Guard Investigative Service CGP Coast Guard publication CGTTP Coast Guard tactics, techniques, and procedures CH contingency hospital CHB cargo-handling battalion CHCSS Chief, Central Security Service CHD counterintelligence and human intelligence detachment CHE cargo-handling equipment; container handling equipment CHRP contaminated human remains pouch CI counterintelligence CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIAP Central Intelligence Agency program CIB combined information bureau; controlled image base CIC combat information center CICA counterintelligence coordinating authority CICR counterintelligence collection requirement CID combat identification CIDNE Combined Information Data Network Exchange CIE collaborative information environment; cultural intelligence element CIEA classification, identification, and engagement area C-IED counter-improvised explosive device C-IEDTF counter-improvised explosive device task force CIFA counterintelligence field activity CI/KR critical infrastructure and key resources CIL command information library; critical information list; critical item list CIM civil information management; compartmented information management CIMIC civil-military cooperation CIN cargo increment number CIO chief information officer; command intelligence officer CIOC counterintelligence operations cell CIOTA counterintelligence operational tasking authority CIP critical infrastructure protection CIRT Collaborative Issue Resolution Tool CIS common item support CISAR catastrophic incident search and rescue CISD critical incident stress debriefing CISO counterintelligence staff office CITE computer intrusion technical exploitation CITP counter-improvised explosive device targeting program CIVMAR civil service mariner Shortened Word Forms 278 CIVPOL civilian police CJ-4 combined-joint logistics officer CJCS Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff CJCSI Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction CJCSM Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual CJDA critical joint duty assignment CJE component joint data networks operations officer equivalent CJEODC combined joint explosive ordnance disposal cell CJFC combined joint force commander CJLOTS combined joint logistics over-the-shore CJMAB Central Joint Mortuary Affairs Board CJOC Canadian Joint Operations Command CJSART Criminal Justice Sector Assessment Rating Tool CJSMPT Coalition Joint Spectrum Management Planning Tool CJTF combined joint task force (NATO); commander, joint task force C-JWICS Containerized Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System CL contingency location; coordination level CLA landing craft, air cushion launch area CLASSRON class squadron CLB combat logistics battalion CLDP Commercial Law Development Program CLF combat logistics force; commander, landing force CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 CLIP Clinical Laboratory Improvement Program CLML contingency location master list CLPSB combatant commander logistic procurement support board CLR combat logistics regiment CLS contractor logistic support CLT civil liaison team CLZ cushion landing zone; landing craft, air cushion landing zone CM Chairman’s memorandum; collection manager; combination module; countermine; cruise missile cm centimeter CMA collection management authority CMAA cooperative military airlift agreement CMAOC Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Operations Center CMAT consequence management advisory team CMC Commandant of the Marine Corps; Office of Civilian- Military Cooperation (USAID) CMCB civil-military coordination board CMCC combined movement coordination center CMD cruise missile defense CMDO command military deception officer Shortened Word Forms 279 CME civil-military engagement CMF Cyber Mission Force CMM Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (USAID) CMMA collection management mission application CMO civil-military operations; collection management office(r) CMOC cargo movement operations center; civil-military operations center CMOS cargo movement operations system; Cargo Movement Operations System (USAF) CMP contractor management plan CMPF commander, maritime pre-positioning force CMSE civil-military support element CMST consequence management support team CMT combat mission team C-NAF component numbered air force CNBG commander, naval beach group CNC Crime and Narcotics Center (CIA) CNCI Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative CNE computer network exploitation CNGB Chief, National Guard Bureau CNIC Commander, Navy Installations Command CNM classified notice to mariners CNMF Cyber National Mission Force CNMF-HQ Cyber National Mission Force Headquarters CNMI Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands CNMOC Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command CNO Chief of Naval Operations CNR combat net radio CNWDI critical nuclear weapons design information CO commanding officer; cyberspace operations COA course of action COB contingency operating base COC combat operations center CoC Code of Conduct COCO contractor-owned, contractor-operated COCOM combatant command (command authority) COD carrier onboard delivery; combat operations division COE common operating environment; concept of employment COEDMHA Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (USPACOM) COF chief of fires; conduct of fire COG center of gravity; continuity of government COI community of interest Shortened Word Forms 280 COIC counter-improvised explosive device operations integration center; Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Operations/Intelligence Integration Center (JIEDDO) COIN counterinsurgency CO-IPE cyberspace operations-integrated planning element COLDS cargo offload and discharge system COLISEUM community on-line intelligence system for end-users and managers COLPRO collective protection COLS concept of logistic support COLT combat observation and lasing team COM chief of mission; collection operations management COMAFFOR commander, Air Force forces COMAFSOAC commander, Air Force special operations air component COMALOC commercial air line of communications COMARFOR commander, Army forces COMCAM combat camera COMDTINST Commandant instruction (USCG) COMFLTCYBERCOM Commander, Fleet Cyber Command COMINEWARCOM Commander, Mine Warfare Command COMINT communications intelligence COMLANTAREACOGARD Commander, Coast Guard Atlantic Area COMMARFOR commander, Marine Corps forces COMNAVELSG Commander, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group COMNAVFOR commander, Navy forces COMNAVMETOCCOM Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command COMNAVSURFLANT Commander, Naval Surface Force, Atlantic COMNAVSURFPAC Commander, Naval Surface Force, Pacific COMNET communications network COMPACAF Commander, Pacific Air Forces COMPACAREACOGARD Commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area COMPASS Computerized Movement Planning and Status System COMSC Commander, Military Sealift Command COMSCINST Commander, Military Sealift Command instruction COMSEC communications security COMSTAT communications status COMSUBLANT Commander Submarine Force, United States Atlantic Fleet COMSUBPAC Commander Submarine Force, United States Pacific Fleet COMTENTHFLT Commander, Tenth Fleet COMUSFLTFORCOM Commander, United States Fleet Forces Command COMUSNAVNORTH Commander, United States Naval Forces, Northern Command COMUSPACFLT Commander, United States Pacific Fleet Shortened Word Forms 281 CONCAP construction capabilities contract (USN); construction capabilities contract program CONEX container express CONOPS concept of operations CONPLAN concept plan; operation plan in concept format CONR continental United States North American Aerospace Defense Command Region CONUS continental United States COOP continuity of operations COP common operational picture COR contracting officer representative CORIVRON coastal riverine squadron COS chief of staff COSC combat and operational stress control COSMIC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) security category COSR combat and operational stress reactions COT commanding officer of troops COTP captain of the port COTS cargo offload and transfer system; commercial off-the-shelf CP collection point; command post; contact point; control point; counterproliferation CPD combat plans division CPF Cyber Protection Force CPG Contingency Planning Guidance CPO chief petty officer CPT cyberspace protection team CPU central processing unit CR civil reconnaissance; critical requirement CRA continuing resolution authority; coordinating review authority CRAF Civil Reserve Air Fleet C-RAM counter-rocket, artillery, mortar CRBM close-range ballistic missile CRC Civilian Response Corps (DOS); coastal riverine company; control and reporting center; crisis reaction center CRD chemical reconnaissance detachment CRE contingency response element CREAPER Communications and Radar Electronic Attack Planning Effectiveness Reference CREstT Casualty Rate Estimation Tool CREW counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device electronic warfare CRF coastal riverine force; contingency response force CRG contingency response group CRIF cargo routing information file Shortened Word Forms 282 CRM collection requirements management; comment resolution matrix CRMx collection requirements matrix CRO combat rescue officer CROP common relevant operational picture CRRC combat rubber raiding craft CRS coastal riverine squadron CRSG country reconstruction and stabilization group CRSP centralized receiving and shipping point CRT chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives response team; contingency response team CRTS casualty receiving and treatment ship CRW contingency response wing CS call sign; circuit switch; combat support; critical source CS&C Office of Cybersecurity and Communications (DHS) CSA combat support agency CSAR combat search and rescue CSB contracting support brigade CSB (MEB) combat support brigade (maneuver enhancement brigade) CSC convoy support center; International Convention for Safe Containers CSCS country-specific security cooperation section CSE combat support equipment; contingency support element; cyberspace support element CSEL combat survivor evader locator; command senior enlisted leader CSG carrier strike group; cryptologic services group; Cryptologic Support Group CSIP contract support integration plan CSL cooperative security location CSNP causeway section, nonpowered CSO Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (DOS); Center for Special Operations (USSOCOM); contractor support to operations CSOR contract statement of requirement CSP campaign support plan; career sea pay; causeway section, powered; contracting support plan CSS Central Security Service (NSA); combat service support CSSA combat service support area CSSAMO combat service support automation management office CSSB combat sustainment support battalion C-SSE consolidated satellite communications system expert CSSM contracted support synchronization matrix CSSP cybersecurity service provider CSST combat service support team CST combat support team Shortened Word Forms 283 CSW coordinate seeking weapons CT computed tomography; counterterrorism; country team CTA common table of allowance CTAF counterterrorism analytical framework CTBT Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty CTC cargo transfer company (USA) CTDB combating terrorism database CTE critical target element CTEP combined training and education plan CTF commander, task force; counter threat finance CTF IAMD commander, task force integrated air and missile defense CTFP Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program CTIP combating trafficking in persons CTKB combating terrorism knowledge base CTL candidate target list CTN countering threat networks CTP common tactical picture CTR cooperative threat reduction CTS commodity tracking system; Contingency Tracking System; controlled technical services CTU commander, task unit C-UAS counter-unmanned aircraft system CUI controlled unclassified information CUL common-user logistics CULT common-user land transportation CV aircraft carrier; critical vulnerability CVE countering violent extremism CVN aircraft carrier, nuclear CVS commercial vendor services CVT criticality-vulnerability-threat CVW carrier air wing CW chemical warfare; continuous wave CWA chemical warfare agent CWC Chemical Weapons Convention; composite warfare commander CWG counterdeception working group CWMD countering weapons of mass destruction CWP causeway pier CWT customer wait time CY calendar year Shortened Word Forms 284 Intentionally Blank 285 D D&D denial and deception D&F determinations and findings D&M detection and monitoring D3A decide, detect, deliver, and assess DA Department of the Army; direct action; Directorate for Mission Services (DIA); double agent DA&M Director of Administration and Management DAA designated approving authority DAADC deputy area air defense commander DAAS defense automatic addressing system DAB Defense Acquisition Board DAC Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) counterintelligence and security activity; Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DACAS digitally aided close air support DACG departure airfield control group DACO directive authority for cyberspace operations DAF Department of the Air Force DAFL directive authority for logistics DAL defended asset list DALIS Disaster Assistance Logistics Information System DALS downed aviator locator system DAO defense attaché office DAR Defense Acquisition Regulation DART disaster assistance response team DAS deep air support (USMC) DASC direct air support center DASC(A) direct air support center (airborne) DASD(PS) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Support) DATT defense attaché DAWIA Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act DBDB digital bathymetric database DBDB-V digital bathymetric database variable DBIDS Defense Biometric Identification System DBSMC Defense Business Systems Management Committee DBSS Defense Blood Standard System DBT design basis threat DC3 Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center DC Deputies Committee; direct current; dislocated civilian DCA Defense Cooperation Agreements; defensive counterair DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency DCAM Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support (DMLSS) customer assistance module Shortened Word Forms 286 DCAPES Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning and Execution Segments DCCC defense collection coordination center DCE defense coordinating element D-cell deployment cell DCGS distributed common ground/surface system DCGS-A distributed common ground system-Army DCGS-MC distributed common ground/surface system Marine Corps DCHA Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance (USAID) DCHC Defense Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Center DCI defense critical infrastructure; Director of Central Intelligence D/CIA Director, Central Intelligence Agency DCID Director of Central Intelligence directive DCIP Defense Critical Infrastructure Program DCISE Defense Industrial Base Collaborative Information Sharing Environment DCJTF deputy commander, joint task force DCM defense collection manager; deputy chief of mission DCMA Defense Contract Management Agency DCME Defense Collection Management Enterprise DCNO Deputy Chief of Naval Operations DCO debarkation control officer; defense coordinating officer; defensive cyberspace operations DCO-IDM defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures DCO-RA defensive cyberspace operations-response actions DCP data collection plan; Defense Continuity Program; detainee collection point DCRF defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response force DCS Defense Collaboration Services; deputy chief of staff DCTC Defense Combating Terrorism Center DCW Defense Collection Watch (DIA) DD Department of Defense (form); deputy director DDA deputy development advisor DDE Defense Logistics Agency distribution expeditionary DDED defense distribution expeditionary depot DDI Director of Defense Intelligence DDL digital data link DDM Defense Logistics Agency Distribution Mapping DDMS Deputy Director for Military Support (NRO) DDN Defense Data Network DDOC Deployment and Distribution Operations Center (USTRANSCOM) Shortened Word Forms 287 DDP detailed deployment plan DDR disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration DDS Deployable Disbursing System DDSBn deployment and distribution support battalion DDSM Defense Distinguished Service Medal DDST deployment and distribution support team DE decedent effects; directed energy DEA Drug Enforcement Administration (DOJ) DEARAS Department of Defense Emergency Authorities Retrieval and Analysis System DeCA Defense Commissary Agency DEERS Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System DEFSMAC Defense Special Missile and Aerospace Center DEL deployable equipment list DEP delayed entry program DEPORD deployment order DERP Defense Environmental Restoration Program DES deception event schedule DESC Defense Energy Support Center DEST domestic emergency support team DEW directed-energy warfare DF dangerous fallout; direction finding DFARS Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting Service DFBA Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency DFC detention facility commander DFE Defense Intelligence Agency forward element; Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center forward element DFRIF Defense Freight Railway Interchange Fleet DFSP defense fuel support point DG defense guidance DGT designated ground target DHA Defense Health Agency; detainee holding area DHB Defense Health Board DHE defense human intelligence executor DHE-M Defense Human Intelligence Enterprise-manual DHHS Department of Health and Human Services DHM defense human intelligence manager DHP Defense Health Program DHS Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Service; Department of Homeland Security DI Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Directorate for Analysis; DIA Directorate for Intelligence Production DI&E data integration and exploitation DIA Defense Intelligence Agency DIAM Defense Intelligence Agency manual Shortened Word Forms 288 DIAP Defense Intelligence Analysis Program DIAR Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) regulation DIB defense industrial base; defense institution building DID Defense Intelligence Digest DIDO designated intelligence disclosure official DIE deception intelligence estimate DIEB Defense Intelligence Executive Board DIFC Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre DIGO Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (Australia) DIJE Defense Intelligence Joint Environment (United Kingdom) DIMOC Defense Imagery Management Operations Center DINFOS Defense Information School DIO defense intelligence officer DIPF defense intelligence priorities framework DIRI Defense Institution Reform Initiative DIRINT Director of Intelligence (USMC) DIRLAUTH direct liaison authorized DIRMOBFOR director of mobility forces DIRNSA Director, National Security Agency DIRSPACEFOR director of space forces (USAF) DISA Defense Information Systems Agency DISA-LO Defense Information Systems Agency - liaison officer DISN Defense Information Systems Network DISO deception in support of operations security DISR Department of Defense Information Technology Standards Registry DJ-7 Director, Joint Force Development DJIOC Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center DJS Director, Joint Staff DLA Defense Logistics Agency DLD digital liaison detachment DLEA drug law enforcement agency DLIS Defense Logistics Information Service DLM defense logistics manual DLMS Defense Logistics Management System DLQ deck landing qualification DLSA Defense Legal Services Agency DM docking module DMA Defense Media Activity DMDC defense management data center; Defense Manpower Data Center DMHS Defense Message Handling System DMIGS Domestic Mobile Integrated Geospatial-Intelligence System DMLSS Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support DMMPO Defense Medical Materiel Program Office DMORT Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team Shortened Word Forms 289 DMPI desired mean point of impact DMSM Defense Meritorious Service Medal DMSO Defense Modeling and Simulation Office DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DMT disaster management team (UN) DMZ demilitarized zone DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DNBI disease and nonbattle injury DNC digital nautical chart DND Department of National Defence (Canada) DNDO Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DHS) DNI Director of National Intelligence; Director of Naval Intelligence DOA days of ammunition DOB date of birth DOC Department of Commerce; designed operational capability DOCNET Doctrine Networked Education and Training DOD Department of Defense DODD Department of Defense directive DODFMR Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation DODI Department of Defense instruction DODIC Department of Defense identification code DODIIS Department of Defense Intelligence Information System DODIN Department of Defense information network DODM Department of Defense manual DODS-CWMD Department of Defense Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction DOE Department of Energy DOEHRS Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Reporting System DOEHRS-IH Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System – Industrial Hygiene DOI Department of the Interior DOJ Department of Justice DOL Department of Labor DOMEX document and media exploitation DON Department of the Navy DOS days of supply; denial of service; Department of State DOT Department of Transportation DOTEO Department of Transportation emergency organization DOTMLPF doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities DOTMLPF-P doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, facilities, and policy DOWG deception operations working group DOX-T direct operational exchange-tactical Shortened Word Forms 290 DP decisive point; displaced person DPA danger pay allowance; Defense Production Act DPAA Defense Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Accounting Agency DPAP Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy DPAS Defense Priorities and Allocation System DPC deception planning cell; Defense Planning Committee (NATO) DPG Defense Planning Guidance DPI desired point of impact DPIP departing initial point DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN) DPM dissemination program manager DPMO Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office DPO Defense Press Office; distribution process owner DPPDB digital point positioning database DR dead reckoning; disaster relief DRL Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DOS) DRMS Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service DRO departmental requirements officer DRRS Defense Readiness Reporting System DRRS-S Defense Readiness Reporting System-Strategic DRS detainee reporting system DRSN Defense Red Switched Network DRT decontamination and reconnaissance team DS Directorate for Management and Chief Information Officer (DIA); direct support DSC defensive space control; dual-status commander DSCA Defense Security Cooperation Agency; defense support of civil authorities DSE direct support element DSF deployable specialized force; District Stability Framework (USAID) DSG Defense Strategic Guidance DSM decision support matrix DSN Defense Switched Network DSO Defense Spectrum Organization; defensive systems officer DSPD defense support to public diplomacy DSR defense strategy review DSRSG Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General DSS Defense Security Service; Distribution Standard System DSS/ALOC direct support system/air line of communications DSSCS Defense Special Security Communications System DSSM Defense Superior Service Medal DSSO defense sensitive support office Shortened Word Forms 291 DSSR Department of State Standardized Regulation DST decision support template; Defense Logistics Agency support team; deployment support team; district support team DSTS-G Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) Satellite Transmission Services - Global DT Directorate for MASINT and Technical Collection (DIA) DTA dynamic threat assessment DTAM defense terrorism awareness message DTC defense transportation coordination DTCI Defense Transportation Coordination Initiative DTD Deployable Training Division; detailed troop decontamination DTED digital terrain elevation data D/T/ID detect/track/identify DTIP Disruptive Technology Innovations Partnership (DIA) DTIRP Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program DTM directive-type memorandum DTO drug trafficking organization DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid DTR Defense Transportation Regulation DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency DTS Defense Transportation System; Defense Travel System DTSA Defense Technology Security Administration DTWR defense terrorism warning report DU depleted uranium DURC dual-use research of concern DUSD deputy under Secretary of Defense DUSD (CI&S) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Counterintelligence and Security DUSD(L&MR) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness DVD digital video device DVIDS Defense Video and Imagery Distribution System DWAS Defense Working Capital Accounting System DWT deadweight tonnage DZ drop zone DZC drop zone controller DZST drop zone support team Shortened Word Forms 292 Intentionally Blank 293 E E enhanced; total probable error E3 electromagnetic environmental effects EA electronic attack; emergency action; executive agent EAC emergency action committee EAD earliest arrival date EADRU Euro-Atlantic disaster response unit EADS Eastern Air Defense Sector EAES expeditionary aeromedical evacuation squadron EAF expeditionary airfield EAM emergency action message EAP emergency action plan EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council EASTPAC eastern Pacific Ocean EBS environmental baseline survey EC electronic combat ECC engineer coordination cell; evacuation control center ECES expeditionary civil engineer squadron ECHA Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs (UN) ECHO European Commission Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection ECM electromagnetic countermeasures; electronic countermeasures ECN Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network ECO electronic combat officer ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN) ECP entry control point ECS environmental condition study; expeditionary combat support EDA Economic Development Administration (DOC); excess defense articles EDI electronic data interchange EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EEA environmental executive agent EEBD emergency escape breathing device EECT end evening civil twilight EED electro-explosive device; emergency-essential designation EEDAC emergency essential Department of the Army civilian EEE emergency and extraordinary expense EEI essential element of information EENT end of evening nautical twilight EEO equal employment opportunity EER enlisted employee review EEZ exclusive economic zone EFAC emergency family assistance center Shortened Word Forms 294 EFP explosively formed projectile EFT electronic funds transfer EGAT Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade (USAID) EGM Earth Gravity Model eGPL Enhanced Geospatial Product Library (USAF) EH explosive hazard EHCC explosive hazards coordination cell EHDB explosive hazard database EHF extremely high frequency EHO environmental health officer EHRA environmental health risk assessment EHSA environmental health site assessment EHT explosive hazard team EI environmental information EID electrically initiated device EIS Environmental Impact Statement eJMAPS electronic Joint Manpower and Personnel System EJPME enlisted joint professional military education EL enduring location ELCAS elevated causeway system ELCAS(M) elevated causeway system (modular) ELINT electronic intelligence ELIST enhanced logistics intratheater support tool ELML enduring location master list ELT emergency locator transmitter EM electromagnetic; emergency management EMAC emergency management assistance compact EMALL electronic mall EMBM electromagnetic battle management EMC electromagnetic compatibility EMCON emission control EMD expeditionary military information support detachment EME electromagnetic environment EMEDS expeditionary medical support EMF expeditionary medical facility EMI electromagnetic interface; electromagnetic interference EMIO expanded maritime interception operations EMOE electromagnetic operational environment EMP electromagnetic pulse EMRE Expeditionary Medicine Requirements Estimator EMS electromagnetic spectrum; emergency medical services EMSC electromagnetic spectrum control EMSM electromagnetic spectrum manager EMT emergency medical treatment; expeditionary military information support team EMU expeditionary medical unit Shortened Word Forms 295 EMV electromagnetic vulnerability EO electro-optical; executive order EOB electromagnetic order of battle; electronic order of battle; enemy order of battle EOC emergency operating center; emergency operations center EOCA explosive ordnance clearance agent EOD explosive ordnance disposal EODB explosive ordnance disposal bulletin EODESU explosive ordnance disposal expeditionary support unit EODGRU explosive ordnance disposal group (USN) EODIMS Explosive Ordnance Disposal Information Management System EODMU explosive ordnance disposal mobile unit EODMU-1 explosive ordnance disposal mobile unit one EODT&T explosive ordnance disposal technology and training EODTEU explosive ordnance disposal training and evaluation unit EODTIC Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technical Information Centre (NATO) EO-IR electro-optical-infrared EO-IR CM electro-optical-infrared countermeasure EOR engage on remote EP electronic protection; emergency preparedness; emergency procedures; excess property EPA Environmental Protection Agency; evasion plan of action EPBS expeditionary prime base engineer emergency force squadron EPC Emergency Procurement Committee EPF expeditionary fast transport EPH emergency planning handbook EPIC El Paso Intelligence Center EPIRB emergency position-indicating radio beacon EPLO emergency preparedness liaison officer EPU expeditionary port unit EPW enemy prisoner of war ERC emergency relief coordinator; en route care; exercise related construction ERDC Engineer Research and Development Center ERG Emergency Response Guidebook ERIMP En route Infrastructure Master Plan (USTRANSCOM) ERPSS En Route Patient Staging System ERSG executive representative of the Secretary-General ERT emergency response team (FEMA); engineer reconnaissance team ERU emergency response unit ERW explosive remnants of war Shortened Word Forms 296 ES electronic warfare support; executive secretariat; expeditionary salvage ESAC Electromagnetic-Space Analysis Center (NSA) ESB engineer support battalion ESC expeditionary sustainment command ESCS environmental site closure survey ESD expeditionary transfer dock ESEO environmental science and engineering officer ESF Economic Support Fund; emergency support function ESG executive steering group; expeditionary strike group ESGR Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve ESM expeditionary site mapping ESMRM explosives safety munitions risk management ESO environmental science officer; Expeditionary Support Organization (DFAS) ESOH environmental, safety, and occupational health ESORTS Enhanced Status of Resources and Training System ESP engineer support plan; Estimating Supplies Program E-Space Electromagnetic-Space ESR external supported recovery EST embarked security team ET electronics technician ETA estimated time of arrival ETD estimated time of departure ETF electronic target folder ETM essential tasks matrix ETO Emergency Transportation Operations (DOT) ETSS extended training service specialist ETX end of text EU European Union EUSC effective United States controlled EUSCS effective United States-controlled ships EVC evasion chart EVE equal value exchange EV WHS Enhanced View Web Hosting Service EW early warning; electronic warfare EWC electronic warfare cell EWCA electronic warfare control authority EWCC electronic warfare coordination cell EWE electronic warfare element EWG electronic warfare group EWO electronic warfare officer EWWG electronic warfare working group EXECSEC executive secretary EXORD execute order EXU-1 Expeditionary Exploitation Unit One Shortened Word Forms 297 EZ exchange zone Shortened Word Forms 298 Intentionally Blank 299 F F Fahrenheit F2T2EA find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess F3EAD find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate F&ES fire and emergency services FA feasibility assessment; field artillery FAA Federal Aviation Administration (DOT); Foreign Assistance Act FAAO Federal Aviation Administration order FAC forward air controller FAC(A) forward air controller (airborne) FACE forward aviation combat engineering FACT field advance civilian team; field assessment and coordination team F/AD force/activity designator FADM force allocation decision matrix FAH final attack heading; foreign affairs handbook FALOP Forward Area Limited Observing Program FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN); foreign area officer FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation; formal assessment report FARC flyaway recompression chamber; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia FARP forward arming and refueling point FAS Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA); frequency assignment subcommittee FASCAM family of scatterable mines FAST fleet antiterrorism security team FB forward boundary FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ) FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service FC final coordination; fires cell (Army); floating causeway FCA Foreign Claims Act FCC Federal Communications Commission; federal coordinating center; functional combatant commander FCE forward command element FCO federal coordinating officer FCP functional campaign plan FCT firepower control team FD first draft; from temporary duty FDA Food and Drug Administration (DHHS) FDC fire direction center FDO flexible deterrent option; flight deck officer; foreign disclosure officer FDP forward distribution point Shortened Word Forms 300 FDPMU forward-deployable preventive medicine unit FDR foreign disaster relief FE fires element FEA front-end analysis FEBA forward edge of the battle area FEC facilities engineering command; fires and effects coordinator FEI forensic-enabled intelligence FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS) FEP foreign excess property FEPP foreign excess personal property FES fire emergency services FEST foreign emergency support team; forward engineer support team FET facility engineer team FEZ fighter engagement zone FFA free-fire area FFC force fires coordinator FFCC force fires coordination center (USMC) FFE field force engineering; flame field expedient FFIR friendly force information requirement FFP fresh frozen plasma; Office of Food for Peace (DOS) FFT friendly force tracking FGS final governing standard; Force Generation Service (UN) FH fleet hospital FHA Bureau for Food and Humanitarian Assistance; foreign humanitarian assistance FHP force health protection FHWA Federal Highway Administration (DOT) FI foreign intelligence FID foreign internal defense FIE fly-in echelon; foreign intelligence entity FinCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement Network FIOP federal interagency operational plan 1st IOC 1st Information Operations Command (Land) FIS Foreign Intelligence Service FISINT foreign instrumentation signals intelligence FISS foreign intelligence and security services FIST fire support team; fleet intelligence support team FLC fleet logistics center FLETC Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (DHS) FLIP flight information publication FLIR forward-looking infrared FLITE federal legal information through electronics FLN Front de Libération Nationale FLO/FLO float-on/float-off Shortened Word Forms 301 FLOT forward line of own troops FLS forward logistic site FLSG force logistic support group FLTCYBERCOM Fleet Cyber Command (USN) FLTSAT fleet satellite FLTSATCOM fleet satellite communications FM field manual (USA); financial management; force module; frequency modulation FM/A functional manager for analysis FMA foreign materiel acquisition FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMF Fleet Marine Force (USN); foreign military financing FMFP foreign military financing program FMO frequency management office; functional manager office FMP foreign materiel program FMS force module subsystem; foreign military sales FMTS Fourth Estate Manpower Tracking System FMV full motion video FN foreign nation FNMOD Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Detachment FNS foreign nation support FO forward observer FOB forward operating base FOC full operational capability FOD field operations division; foreign object damage FOIA Freedom of Information Act FORCE fuels operational readiness capability equipment (USAF) FORSCOM United States Army Forces Command FOS forward operating site; full operational status FOUO for official use only FOV field of view FP firing point; force protection; force provider FPA foreign policy advisor FPCON force protection condition FPD force protection detachment; foreign post differential FPE force provider expeditionary (USA) FPF final protective fire FPO fleet post office FPOC focal point operations center FPS Federal Protective Service (DHS) FPWG force protection working group FRA Federal Railroad Administration (DOT) FRAGORD fragmentary order FRC forward resuscitative care Shortened Word Forms 302 FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (DOE) FRN force requirement number FRO flexible response option FRRS frequency resource record system FRTP fleet response training plan FSA fire support area FSB fire support base; forward staging base FSC fire support cell; fire support coordinator (USMC) FSCC fire support coordination center (USMC) FSCL fire support coordination line FSCM fire support coordination measure FSCOORD fire support coordinator (USA) FSE fire support element FSEM fire support execution matrix FSF foreign security forces FSI Foreign Service Institute FSN foreign service national FSO fire support officer FSP functional support plan FSR field service representative FSRT fatality search and recovery team FSS fast sealift ship; fire support station FSSP fuel system supply point FST fire support task FSW feet of seawater ft feet; foot ft3 cubic feet FTN force tracking number FTO foreign terrorist organization FW fixed-wing FWA fraud, waste, and abuse FWC fleet weather center FWRA food and water risk assessment FXL forensic exploitation laboratory FY fiscal year FY1 current fiscal year FY2 budget year FY3 program year FY4 out year FY5 out year FYDP Future Years Defense Program 303 G G-1 Army component manpower or personnel staff officer (Army division or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, personnel/personnel staff section (USMC) G-2 Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; Army component intelligence staff officer (Army division or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, intelligence/intelligence staff section (USMC) G-2X Army counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element G-3 Army or Marine Corps component operations staff officer (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, operations G-4 Army component logistics staff officer (Army division or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, logistics/logistics staff section (USMC) G-5 assistant chief of staff, plans (USA); assistant chief of staff, plans/plans staff section (USMC) G-6 Army component command, control, communications, and computer systems staff officer (Army division or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, communications/communications system staff section (USMC) G-7 Army component information operations staff officer; assistant chief of staff, information engagement/information operations staff section (USMC) GA geospatial analyst GAFS General Accounting and Finance System GAMSS Global Air Mobility Support System GAO Government Accountability Office GAR gateway access request GARS Global Area Reference System GAT governmental assistance team GATES Global Air Transportation Execution System GBL government bill of lading GBR ground-based radar GBS Global Broadcast Service; Global Broadcast System GC general counsel; Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War GCC geographic combatant commander; global contingency construction GCCC global contingency construction contract Shortened Word Forms 304 GCCMAC Global Contingency Construction Multiple Award Contract (USN) GCCS Global Command and Control System GCCS-A Global Command and Control System-Army GCCS-I3 Global Command and Control System-Integrated Imagery and Intelligence GCCS-J Global Command and Control System-Joint GCCS-M Global Command and Control System-Maritime GCE ground combat element (USMC) GCI ground control intercept GCM global container manager; Global Information Grid (GIG) Content Management GCP global campaign plan; ground commander’s pointer GCP-CWMD Global Campaign Plan for Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction GCS ground control station GCSC global contingency service contract GCSMAC Global Contingency Services Multiple Award Contract (USN) GCSS Global Command Support System GCSS-J Global Combat Support System-Joint GDF Guidance for Development of the Force GDIP General Defense Intelligence Program GDP global defense posture; gross domestic product GDSS Global Decision Support System GE general engineering GEF Guidance for Employment of the Force GEM Global Information Grid (GIG) Enterprise Management GENTEXT general text GEO geosynchronous Earth orbit GEOINT geospatial intelligence GEOLOC geographic location GEOREF geographic reference GETM Geospatially Enabled Target Materials (NGA) GETS Geospatial Intelligence Enterprise Tasking, Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination Services GFE government-furnished equipment GFM global force management; global freight management GFMAP Global Force Management Allocation Plan GFMB Global Force Management Board GFMIG Global Force Management Implementation Guidance GFP government-furnished property GFS government-furnished support GHz gigahertz GI geomatics and imagery GI&S geospatial information and services Shortened Word Forms 305 GIANT Global Positioning System Interference and Navigation Tool GIBCO geospatial-intelligence base for contingency operations GICNT Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism GIE global information environment GIMS Geospatial Intelligence Information Management Services GIO Geospatial Intelligence Organisation (New Zealand) GIP gridded installation photograph GIS geographic information system GL government-leased GLCM ground-launched cruise missile GLD ground liaison detachment GLINT gated laser intensifier GLO ground liaison officer GLOC ground line of communications GLTD ground laser target designator GMD ground-based midcourse defense GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMI general military intelligence GMLRS Global Positioning System Multiple Launch Rocket System GMSC Global Mission Support Center (USSOCOM) GMTI ground moving target indicator GNA Global Information Grid (GIG) Network Assurance GNCC global network operations center GND Global Information Grid (GIG) Network Defense GNSC global network operations support center GNSS global navigation satellite system GNZ Geospatial Intelligence New Zealand GO government-owned GO/FO general officer/flag officer GOTS government off-the-shelf GPC geospatial planning cell; government purchase card GPD gallons per day GPE geospatial intelligence preparation of the environment GPEC Global Posture Executive Council GPL Geospatial Product Library GPM gallons per minute; global pallet manager GPMIC Global Patient Movement Integration Center GPMJAB Global Patient Movement Joint Advisory Board GPMRC Global Patient Movement Requirements Center GPOI Global Peace Operations Initiative GPS Global Positioning System GPSOC Global Positioning System Operations Center GPW Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War Shortened Word Forms 306 GRG gridded reference graphic GRL global reach laydown GROOVE Geospatial Requirements One-Stop Visualization Environment GS general service; general support GSA General Services Administration GSE ground support equipment GSO general services officer GSORTS Global Status of Resources and Training System GSR general support-reinforcing; ground surveillance radar GSSC global satellite communications (SATCOM) support center GST geospatial support team GTA graphic training aid GTAS ground-to-air signals GTL gun-target line GTM global transportation management G-TSCMIS Global Theater Security Cooperation Management Information System G/VLLD ground/vehicle laser locator designator GWS Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field GWS Sea Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of the Armed Forces at Sea 307 H H&S headquarters and service HA holding area; humanitarian assistance HAC human intelligence analysis cell HACC humanitarian assistance coordination center HAP humanitarian assistance program HARC human intelligence analysis and reporting cell HAST humanitarian assistance survey team HBCT heavy brigade combat team HC Directorate for Human Capital (DIA); humanitarian coordinator HCA head of contracting activity; humanitarian and civic assistance HCCC harbormaster command and control center HCO helicopter control officer HD harbor defense; homeland defense HDC harbor defense commander; helicopter direction center HDCU harbor defense command unit HDM humanitarian demining HDO humanitarian demining operations HDR humanitarian daily ration HDTC Humanitarian Demining Training Center HE high explosives HEI high explosives incendiary HEMP high-altitude electromagnetic pulse HEO highly elliptical orbit HEPA high efficiency particulate air HERF hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels HERO hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance HERP hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel HEWSweb Humanitarian Early Warning Service HF high frequency HFA human factors analysis HFP hostile fire pay HHC headquarters and headquarters company HHQ higher headquarters HIC humanitarian information center HIDACZ high-density airspace control zone HIFLD homeland infrastructure foundation-level data HIFR helicopter in-flight refueling HIMAD high-to-medium-altitude air defense HIMARS High Mobility Artillery Rocket System HIMEZ high-altitude missile engagement zone HIRTA high intensity radio transmission area HIU humanitarian information unit (DOS) Shortened Word Forms 308 HIV human immunodeficiency virus HMA humanitarian mine action HMCS helmet-mounted cueing system HMIRS Hazardous Material Information Resource System HMMWV high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle HMOD harbormaster operations detachment HN host nation HNC host-nation coordination HNCC host nation coordination center HNS host-nation support HNSCC host-nation support coordination cell HNSF host-nation security forces HOB height of burst HOC human intelligence operations cell; humanitarian operations center HOCC humanitarian operations coordination center HOM head of mission HOSTAC helicopter operations from ships other than aircraft carriers (USN publication) HPM high-power microwave HPT high-payoff target HQ headquarters HQCOMDT headquarters commandant HQDA Headquarters, Department of the Army HQMC Headquarters, United States Marine Corps HR helicopter request; hostage rescue HRB high-risk billet HRC high-risk-of-capture; Human Resources Command HRF homeland response force HRI high risk of isolation HRO humanitarian relief organizations HRP high-risk personnel; human remains pouch HRT health response team HS health services; helicopter antisubmarine (USN); homeland security HSC helicopter sea combat (USN); Homeland Security Council HSD health service delivery HSI hyperspectral imagery; Office of Homeland Security Investigations (DHS) HSIN Homeland Security Information Network (DHS) HSIP Homeland Security Infrastructure Program HSM humanitarian service medal HSPD homeland security Presidential directive HSS health service support HST high-speed transport HSV high-speed vessel Shortened Word Forms 309 HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development HUMINT human intelligence HUMRO humanitarian relief operation HVA high-value asset HVAA high-value airborne asset HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVCDS high-velocity container delivery system HVI high-value individual HVT high-value target HW hazardous waste Hz hertz Shortened Word Forms 310 Intentionally Blank 311 I I2 identity intelligence I2SP identity intelligence support packet I2WD Intelligence and Information Warfare Division (USA) I&A Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS) IA imagery analyst; implementing arrangement; individual augmentee; information assurance IAA incident area assessment; incident awareness and assessment IADS integrated air defense system IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN) IAM inertially aided munition IAMD integrated air and missile defense IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue manual IAP incident action plan; integrated assessment and planning; international airport IAPP Interagency Partnership Program IAS International Assistance System IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee (UN) IAVM information assurance vulnerability management IAW in accordance with IBB International Broadcasting Bureau IBCT infantry brigade combat team IBET integrated border enforcement team IBS Integrated Booking System; integrated broadcast service; Integrated Broadcast System IBS-I Integrated Broadcast Service-Interactive IBS-S Integrated Broadcast Service-Simplex IC incident commander; intelligence community IC3 integrated command, control, and communications ICAF Interagency Conflict Assessment Framework (DOS) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICAT interagency conflict assessment team ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile ICBRN-R international chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response ICC information coordination center; Intelligence Coordination Center (USCG); International Criminal Court ICD intelligence community directive ICDS improved container delivery system ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement (DHS) ICEPP Incident Communications Emergency Policy and Procedures IC/EXCOM Intelligence Community Executive Committee Shortened Word Forms 312 ICF intelligence contingency funds ICIS integrated consumable item support ICITAP International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (DOJ) ICJ International Court of Justice ICM image city map ICODES Integrated Computerized Deployment System ICP intertheater communications security package; inventory control point ICPO-INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization-International Police ICR Intelligence Collection Requirements ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICS incident command system; integrated country strategy; intelligence community standard ICT information and communications technology ICU intensive care unit ICVA International Council of Voluntary Agencies ICW in coordination with ID identification; identifier; initiating directive IDAD internal defense and development IDENT Automated Biometric Identification System (DHS) IDF indirect fire ID/IQ indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity IDL integrated distribution lane IDM improved data modem; information dissemination management IDP imagery derived product; imminent danger pay; internally displaced person IDRA infectious disease risk assessment IDSRS Integrated Defense Source Registration System IED improvised explosive device IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEM installation emergency management IER information exchange requirement IFC intelligence fusion center IFF identification, friend or foe IFO integrated financial operations; intermediate fuel oil IFP integrated force package IFR instrument flight rules IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IG inspector general IGC Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation Network Convergence IGL intelligence gain/loss Shortened Word Forms 313 IHC international humanitarian community IHO industrial hygiene officer IHS international health specialist IICT Interagency Intelligence Committee on Counterterrorism IIP Bureau of International Information Programs (DOS); interagency implementation plan IIR intelligence information report IJSTO integrated joint special technical operations ILAB Bureau of International Labor Affairs (DOL) ILO in lieu of; International Labor Organization (UN) ILOC integrated line of communications ILS integrated logistic support IM information management; intermediate module IMA individual mobilization augmentee IMAAC Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center IMAT incident management assistance team IMC instrument meteorological conditions IMDG international maritime dangerous goods (UN) IMET international military education and training IMF International Monetary Fund (UN) IMINT imagery intelligence IMM integrated materiel management; intelligence mission management IMO information management officer; International Maritime Organization IMP information management plan; inventory management plan IMPP integrated mission planning process IMRL individual material requirements list IMS information management system; interagency management system; Interagency Management System for Reconstruction and Stabilization IMSP information management support plan IMT incident management team INCLE International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (DOS) IND improvised nuclear device INDRAC Interagency Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction Database of Responsibilities, Authorities, and Capabilities INFLTREP inflight report INFOCON information operations condition INL Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (DOS) INLS improved Navy lighterage system INM international narcotics matters Shortened Word Forms 314 INMARSAT international maritime satellite INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research (DOS) INS inertial navigation system INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group INSCOM United States Army Intelligence and Security Command INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization InterAction American Council for Voluntary International Action IO information operations IOB intelligence oversight board IOCB information operations coordination board IOII information operations intelligence integration IOM International Organization for Migration IOSS Interagency Operations Security Support Staff IOW information operations wing IOWG information operations working group IP initial point; initial position; intelligence planning; Internet protocol IPA intelligence production agency IPB intelligence preparation of the battlespace IPC integration planning cell; interagency planning cell; interagency policy committee IPDP inland petroleum distribution plan IPDS inland petroleum distribution system (USA) IPE individual protective equipment IPG isolated personnel guidance IPI indigenous populations and institutions IPOE intelligence preparation of the operational environment IPP impact point prediction IPR in-progress review IPR F plan approval in-progress review IPS Integrated Planning System (DHS); Interim Polar System IPT integrated planning team; Integrated Product Team; intelligence planning team IR incident report; information requirement; infrared; intelligence requirement IRA Provisional Irish Republican Army IRAC Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (DOC) IRBM intermediate-range ballistic missile IRC information-related capability; internet relay chat IRCM infrared countermeasures IR pointer infrared pointer IRR Individual Ready Reserve IRS Internal Revenue Service IRSCC interagency remote sensing coordination cell IRTPA Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act IS information superiority; information system Shortened Word Forms 315 ISA individual Service augmentee; international standardization agreement ISAC information sharing and analysis center ISAF International Security Assistance Force ISB intermediate staging base ISDDC Integrated Mission Support for Surface Deployment and Distribution Command ISE information sharing environment ISG isolated soldier guidance ISI2R identify, separate, isolate, influence, and reintegrate ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIR identify, separate, influence, and renunciation ISN Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation (DOS); internment serial number ISO International Organization for Standardization; isolation ISOPAK International Organization for Standardization package ISOPREP isolated personnel report ISP Internet service provider ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance ISRD intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance division ISRLO intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance liaison officer (USAF) ISR WG Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing ISS in-system select ISU internal airlift or helicopter slingable container unit I/T interpreter and translator IT information system technician; information technology ITA International Trade Administration (DOC) ITF integrated task force; intelligence task force (DIA) ITL intelligence task list ITO installation transportation officer ITU International Telecommunications Union ITV in-transit visibility ITW/AA integrated tactical warning and attack assessment IV intravenous IW irregular warfare IWC information operations warfare commander IWG intelligence working group; interagency working group IWW inland waterway IWWS inland waterway system Shortened Word Forms 316 Intentionally Blank 317 J J-1 manpower and personnel directorate of a joint staff J-2 intelligence directorate of a joint staff J-2E joint force exploitation staff element J-2X joint force counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element J-3 operations directorate of a joint staff J-4 logistics directorate of a joint staff J-5 plans directorate of a joint staff J-6 communications system directorate of a joint staff J-7 engineering staff section of a joint staff; operational plans and interoperability directorate of a joint staff; training and education directorate of a joint staff; training directorate of a joint staff J-8 force structure, resource, and assessment directorate of a joint staff; resource management and financial support directorate of a joint staff J-9 civil-military operations directorate/interagency operations directorate of a joint staff; civil-military operations directorate of a joint staff J-31 Joint Force Coordinator (Joint Staff) J-35 future operations cell J-39 DDGO Joint Staff, Deputy Director for Global Operations JA judge advocate JAARS Joint After-Action Reporting System JAAT joint air attack team JA/ATT joint airborne and air transportability training JAC joint analysis center JACCE joint air component coordination element JACE joint air coordination element JACS joint automated communication-electronics operating instructions system JADOC Joint Air Defense Operations Center (NORAD) JADOCS Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System JAG judge advocate general JAGIC joint air-ground integration center JAMMS Joint Asset Movement Management System JAOC joint air operations center JAOP joint air operations plan JARN joint air request net JASSM joint air-to-surface standoff missile JAT joint assessment team JBPO joint blood program office JCA joint capability area JCASO Joint Contingency Acquisition Support Office (DLA) Shortened Word Forms 318 JCC joint collaboration cell; joint contracting center; joint cyberspace center JCCA joint combat capability assessment JCCC Joint Combat Camera Center; joint communications control center JCCSE Joint Continental United States Communications Support Environment JCEOI joint communications-electronics operating instructions JCET joint combined exchange training JCEWR joint coordination of electronic warfare reprogramming JCEWS joint force commander’s electronic warfare staff JCISA Joint Command Information Systems Activity JCIU joint counterintelligence unit JCMA joint communications security monitoring activity JCMB joint collection management board JCMEB joint civil-military engineering board JCMEC joint captured materiel exploitation center; Joint Captured Materiel Exploitation Center (DIA) JCMO joint communications security management office JCMOTF joint civil-military operations task force JCMS Joint Construction Management System JCN joint communications network; joint communications node JCRM Joint Capabilities Requirements Manager JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JCSB joint contracting support board JCSE joint communications support element; Joint Communications Support Element (USTRANSCOM) JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munition JDAT joint deployable analysis team JDD joint doctrine distribution JDDC Joint Deployment and Distribution Coordinator (USTRANSCOM); joint doctrine development community JDDE joint deployment and distribution enterprise JDDOC joint deployment and distribution operations center JDDT joint doctrine development tool JDEC joint document exploitation center JDEIS Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic Information System JDET joint distribution enabling team JDIGS Joint Digital Information Gathering System JDISS joint deployable intelligence support system JDN joint data network; joint doctrine note JDNC joint data network operations cell JDNO joint data network operations officer Shortened Word Forms 319 JDOMS Joint Director of Military Support JDPC Joint Doctrine Planning Conference JDPI joint desired point of impact JDPO joint deployment process owner JDTC Joint Deployment Training Center JECC Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (USTRANSCOM) JED Joint Education and Doctrine JEDD Joint Education and Doctrine Division JEFF Joint Expeditionary Forensic Facility (USA) JEL Joint Electronic Library JEL+ Joint Electronic Library Plus JEMB joint environmental management board JEMSMO joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations JEMSO joint electromagnetic spectrum operations JENM joint enterprise network manager JEODOC joint explosives ordnance disposal operations center JEODTF joint explosives ordnance disposal task force JEP Joint Exercise Program JEPES Joint Engineer Planning and Execution System JET joint expeditionary team; Joint Operation Planning and Execution System editing tool JEWC Joint Electronic Warfare Center JEWCS Joint Electronic Warfare Core Staff (NATO) JEZ joint engagement zone JFACC joint force air component commander JFC joint force commander JFCC joint functional component command JFCC-GS Joint Functional Component Command for Global Strike JFCC-IMD Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense JFCC-ISR Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (USSTRATCOM) JFCC NW Joint Functional Component Command for Network Warfare JFCC Space Joint Functional Component Command for Space (USSTRATCOM) JFCH joint force chaplain JFE joint fires element JFHQ joint force headquarters JFHQ-C joint force headquarters-cyberspace JFHQ-DODIN Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network JFHQ-NCR Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region JFHQ-State joint force headquarters-state JFLCC joint force land component commander JFM joint functional manager Shortened Word Forms 320 JFMC joint fleet mail center JFMCC joint force maritime component commander JFMO joint frequency management office JFO joint field office; joint fires observer JFP joint force provider; Joint Frequency Panel (MCEB) JFRG II joint force requirements generator II JFS joint force surgeon JFSCC Joint Force Space Component Commander (USSTRATCOM) JFSOCC joint force special operations component commander JFTR joint Federal travel regulations JFUB joint facilities utilization board JG joint guide JGWE joint global warning enterprise JHNS Joint Hometown News Service JHSV joint high-speed vessel JIA joint individual augmentation; joint individual augmentee JIACG joint interagency coordination group JIATF joint interagency task force JIATF-S Joint Interagency Task Force-South JIATF-W Joint Interagency Task Force-West JIC joint information center JICC joint interface control cell JICO joint interface control officer JIDC joint interrogation and debriefing center JIDO Joint Improvised-Threat Defeat Organization (DTRA) JIEE Joint Information Exchange Environment JIEP joint intelligence estimate for planning JIMB joint information management board JIMPP joint industrial mobilization planning process JIO joint interrogation operations JIOC joint intelligence operations center JIOCPAC Joint Intelligence Operations Center, Pacific JIOC-SOUTH Joint Intelligence Operations Center, South JIOC-TRANS Joint Intelligence Operations Center–Transportation (USTRANSCOM) JIOWC Joint Information Operations Warfare Center JIPCL joint integrated prioritized collection list JIPOE joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment JIPTL joint integrated prioritized target list JIS joint information system JISE joint intelligence support element JITF-CT Joint Intelligence Task Force for Combating Terrorism JIVU Joint Intelligence Virtual University JKnIFE Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization Knowledge and Information Fusion Exchange Shortened Word Forms 321 JLCC joint lighterage control center; joint logistics coordination center JLE joint logistics environment JLEnt joint logistics enterprise JLLIS Joint Lessons Learned Information System JLLP Joint Lessons Learned Program JLOA joint logistics over-the-shore operation area JLOC joint logistics operations center JLOTS joint logistics over-the-shore JLRC joint logistics readiness center JLSB joint line of communications security board JLSE joint legal support element JLSG joint logistic support group JMAC Joint Mortuary Affairs Center (USA) JMAO joint mortuary affairs office JMAR joint medical asset repository JMAT joint medical analysis tool JMC joint movement center JMCG joint movement control group JMD joint manning document JMEEL joint mission-essential equipment list JMEM Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual JMET joint mission-essential task JMETL joint mission-essential task list JMIC joint modular intermodal container JMICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System mobile integrated communications system JMIE joint maritime information element JMIP joint military intelligence program JMISTF joint military information support task force JMITC Joint Military Intelligence Training Center JMMT joint military mail terminal JMO joint maritime operations; joint meteorological and oceanographic officer; joint munitions office JMOC joint medical operations center JMP joint manpower program JMPA joint military postal activity JMPAB Joint Materiel Priorities and Allocation Board JMPS Joint Mission Planning System JMPT Joint Medical Planning Tool JMRR Joint Monthly Readiness Review JMTCA joint munitions transportation coordinating activity JMUA Joint Meritorious Unit Award JMWG joint medical working group JNCC joint network operations control center JNMS joint network management system Shortened Word Forms 322 JNSC Joint Navigation Warfare Center Navigation Warfare Support Cell JNWC Joint Navigation Warfare Center JOA joint operations area JOAF joint operations area forecast JOC joint operations center JOCC joint operations command center JOERAD joint spectrum center ordnance electromagnetic environmental effects risk assessment database JOG joint operations graphic JOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution System JOPG joint operations planning group JOPPA joint operation planning process for air JOSE Joint Operations Security Support Element (Joint Staff) JOTC joint operations tasking center JP joint publication JP4 jet propulsion fuel, type 4 JP5 jet propulsion fuel, type 5 JP8 jet propulsion fuel, type 8 JPAC joint planning augmentation cell; Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command JPADS joint precision airdrop system JPAG Joint Planning Advisory Group JPARR joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting JPASE joint public affairs support element; Joint Public Affairs Support Element (USTRANSCOM) JPC joint postal cell JPEC joint planning and execution community JPED joint personal effects depot JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JPERSTAT joint personnel status and casualty report JPG joint planning group JPME joint professional military education JPMRC joint patient movement requirements center JPN joint planning network JPO joint petroleum office; Joint Program Office JPOC joint personnel operations center; joint planning orientation course JPP joint planning process JPPC joint personnel processing center JPRA Joint Personnel Recovery Agency JPRC joint personnel recovery center JPSE Joint Planning Support Element (USTRANSCOM) JPTTA joint personnel training and tracking activity JRC joint reconnaissance center JRCC joint reception coordination center Shortened Word Forms 323 JRERP Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan JRFL joint restricted frequency list JRIC joint reserve intelligence center JRIP Joint Reserve Intelligence Program JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council JRRB joint requirements review board JRS joint reporting structure JRSOI joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration JRTC joint readiness training center JS Joint Staff JSA joint security area JSAM Joint Service Achievement Medal JSAP Joint Staff action processing JSC joint security coordinator; Joint Spectrum Center JSCC joint security coordination center JSCM Joint Service Commendation Medal JSDS Joint Staff doctrine sponsor JSETS Joint Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking Electronic Tracking System JSF joint support force JSHO joint shipboard helicopter operations JSIR joint spectrum interference resolution JSIVA Joint Staff Integrated Vulnerability Assessment JSME joint spectrum management element JSO joint security operations JSOA joint special operations area JSOAC joint special operations air component; joint special operations aviation component JSOACC joint special operations air component commander JSOC joint special operations command JSOTF joint special operations task force JSOU Joint Special Operations University JSPA joint satellite communications panel administrator JSPOC Joint Space Operations Center JSPS Joint Strategic Planning System JSR joint strategy review JSTARS Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System JSTO joint space tasking order JTA joint technical architecture JTAC joint terminal attack controller JTAIC Joint Technical Analysis and Integration Cell (USA) JTAR joint tactical air strike request JTB Joint Transportation Board JTCB joint targeting coordination board JTCC joint transportation coordination center Shortened Word Forms 324 JTCG/ME Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness JTCOIC Joint Training Counter-Improvised Explosive Device Operations Integration Center JTD joint table of distribution JTF joint task force JTF-AK Joint Task Force-Alaska JTFCEM joint task force contingency engineering management JTF-CM joint task force - consequence management JTF-CS Joint Task Force-Civil Support JTF-GNO Joint Task Force-Global Network Operations JTF-HD Joint Task Force-Homeland Defense JTF-MAO joint task force - mortuary affairs office JTF-N Joint Task Force-North JTF-PO joint task force-port opening JTF-State joint task force-state JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution System JTL joint target list JTLM joint theater logistics management JTMD joint table of mobilization and distribution; Joint Terminology Master Database JTMS joint theater movement staff; joint training master schedule JTP joint test publication; joint training plan JTR Joint Travel Regulations JTS Joint Training System JTSCC joint theater support contracting command JTTF joint terrorism task force JTWG joint targeting working group JU Joint Tactical Information Distribution System unit JUH-MTF Joint User Handbook-Message Text Formats JUIC joint unit identification code JUO joint urban operation JUON joint urgent operational need JVB joint visitors bureau JWAC Joint Warfare Analysis Center JWG joint working group JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System 325 K k thousand Ka Kurtz-above band kbps kilobits per second kg kilogram K-Kill catastrophic kill KLE key leader engagement km kilometer kph kilometers per hour KQ ID tactical location identifier KS knowledge sharing kt kiloton(s); knot (nautical miles per hour) Ku Kurtz-under band kW kilowatt Shortened Word Forms 326 Intentionally Blank 327 L LA lead agent; legal adviser LAD latest arrival date; launch area denied LAN local area network LARC lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo LARC-V lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo, 5 ton LASH lighter aboard ship LAV light armored vehicle lb pound lbs. pounds LC legal counsel LCAC landing craft, air cushion LCADS low-cost aerial delivery system LCC amphibious command ship; land component commander; lighterage control center LCE logistics combat element (USMC) LCM landing craft, mechanized; letter-class mail; life-cycle management LCO landing craft air cushion control officer LCP lighterage control point LCS landing craft air cushion control ship LCU landing craft, utility LD light damage; line of departure LDA limited depository account LDF local defense force LDO laser designator operator LDR low data rate LE law enforcement; low-order explosives LEA law enforcement agency LEC lead environmental component LED light emitting diode LEDET law enforcement detachment (USCG) LEGAT legal attaché LEIP Law Enforcement Intelligence Program (USCG) LEMP low-altitude electromagnetic pulse LEO law enforcement operations; low Earth orbit LEP law enforcement professional L-EWE land-electronic warfare element LF landing force LFA lead federal agency LFOC landing force operations center LFORM landing force operational reserve material LFSP landing force support party LG deputy chief of staff for logistics LGB laser-guided bomb Shortened Word Forms 328 LGM laser-guided missile; loop group multiplexer LGW laser-guided weapon LHA amphibious assault ship (general purpose) LHD amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) LIDAR light detection and ranging LIMDIS limited distribution LIPS Logistics Information Processing System LJDAM laser-guided joint direct attack munition LL lessons learned LLLTV low-light level television LLTR low-level transit route LM light maneuver LMARS Logistics Metrics Analysis Reporting System LMSR large, medium-speed roll-on/roll-off LN lead nation; local national LNI Library of National Intelligence LNO liaison officer LOA letter of assist; letter of authorization; letter of offer and acceptance; logistics over-the-shore operation area LOAC law of armed conflict LOAL lock-on after launch LOBL lock-on before launch LOC line of communications LOD line of departure LOE letter of evaluation; line of effort LOG logistics LOGCAP logistics civil augmentation program (USA) LOI letter of instruction LO/LO lift-on/lift-off LOMEZ low-altitude missile engagement zone LOO line of operation LOR launch on remote LO/RO lift-on/roll-off LOS line of sight LOTS logistics over-the-shore LOX liquid oxygen LPD amphibious transport dock; low probability of detection LPI low probability of intercept LRC logistics readiness center LRF laser range finder LRN Laboratory Response Network (DHHS) LRO lighterage repair officer LRP load and roll pallet LRST long-range surveillance team LRT logistics response time LSA logistic support analysis; logistics supportability analysis Shortened Word Forms 329 LSC lead Service for contracting LSCC lead Service for contracting coordination LSD dock landing ship LSE landing signalman enlisted; logistic support element LSO landing signals officer LSS laser spot search; logistics support system; low, slow, and small LSSS logistics support, supplies, and services LST laser spot tracker LSV logistics support vessel LT long ton LTD laser target designator LTF logistics task force LTIOV latest time information is of value LTL laser-to-target line LZ landing zone Shortened Word Forms 330 Intentionally Blank 331 M M million M&E monitoring and evaluation MA mortuary affairs MAAP master air attack plan MAC mobility assault company MACB multinational acquisition and contracting board MACCS Marine air command and control system MACG Marine air control group MACP mortuary affairs collection point MACRMS mortuary affairs contaminated remains mitigation site MACS Marine air control squadron MAF mobility air forces MAG Marine aircraft group; maritime assessment group; military assignment group MAGTF Marine air-ground task force MAJCOM major command (USAF) MANPADS man-portable air defense system MAOC-N Maritime Analysis and Operations Center-Narcotics MARAD Maritime Administration MARAD RRF Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force MARCORLOGCOM Marine Corps Logistics Command MARDIV Marine division MARFOR Marine forces MARFOR NORTHCOM Marine Forces Northern Command MARFORSOC Marine Forces Special Operations Command MARFOR STRATCOM Marine Forces Strategic Command MARINCEN Maritime Intelligence Center Marine TACC Marine Corps tactical air command center MARLE Marine liaison element MARO mass atrocity response operations MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MARS Military Auxiliary Radio System MARSOF Marine special operations forces MARTS Mortuary Affairs Reporting and Tracking System MAS maritime air support MASF mobile aeromedical staging facility MASINT measurement and signature intelligence MASLO measurement and signature intelligence liaison officer MAST mobile ashore support terminal MAW Marine aircraft wing MAXORD maximum ordinate Mbps megabytes per second Shortened Word Forms 332 MC Military Committee (NATO); mission-critical; mobile communications MC4EB Military Command, Control, Communications and Computers Executive Board MCA mail control activity; military civic action; movement control agency MCAG maritime civil affairs group MCAS Marine Corps air station MCAST maritime civil affairs and security training MCAT maritime civil affairs team MCB movement control battalion MCC military coordinating committee; military counterintelligence collections; mission control center; mobility control center; movement control center MCCC Marine Corps component command MCCDC Marine Corps Combat Development Command MCD medical crew director MCDP Marine Corps doctrinal publication MCEB Military Communications-Electronics Board MCESG Marine Corps Embassy Security Group MC/FI mass casualty/fatality incident MCI multinational communications integration MCIA Marine Corps Intelligence Activity MCIO military criminal investigative organization MCIOC Marine Corps Information Operations Center MCIP Marine Corps interim publication; military customs inspection program MCISRE Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Enterprise MCM maneuver control measure; Manual for Courts-Martial; military committee memorandum (memorandum issued in the name of the Chairman); mine countermeasures MCMC mine countermeasures commander MCMO medical civil-military operations MCMOPS mine countermeasures operations MCMREP mine countermeasure report MCMRON mine countermeasures squadron MCO major combat operation; Mapping Customer Operations (Defense Logistics Agency); Marine Corps order MCOO modified combined obstacle overlay MCRP Marine Corps reference publication MCS modular causeway system MCSB Marine Cryptologic Support Battalion MCSFR Marine Corps Security Forces Regiment MCT movement control team MCTOG Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group Shortened Word Forms 333 MCTP Marine Corps tactical publication MCWL Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory MCWP Marine Corps warfighting publication MCX Marine Corps Exchange MD missile defense; moderate damage MDA maritime domain awareness; Missile Defense Agency MDBS medical detachment, blood support MDCO Military Department counterintelligence organization MDDOC Marine air-ground task force deployment and distribution operations center MDIOC Missile Defense Integration and Operations Center (MDA) MDM maritime defense measure MDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDO military deception officer MDRO mission disaster response officer MDS Message Dissemination Subsystem; mobile diving and salvage MDSS II Marine Air-Ground Task Force Deployment Support System II MDSU mobile diving and salvage unit MEA munitions effect assessment; munitions effectiveness assessment MEB maneuver enhancement brigade; Marine expeditionary brigade ME/C medical examiner and/or coroner MEDCC medical coordination cell MEDCOM US Army Medical Command MEDCOM (DS) medical command (deployment support) (USA) MEDEVAC medical evacuation MEDINT medical intelligence MEDLOG medical logistics MEDLOG support medical logistics support MEDNEO medical noncombatant evacuation operation MEF Marine expeditionary force MEJA Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act MEO medium Earth orbit; military equal opportunity MEP mobile electric power MESF maritime expeditionary security force MESFC maritime expeditionary security force commander MESO maritime expeditionary security operations MET mobile environmental team METCON control of meteorological information (roughly translated from French) METL mission-essential task list METOC meteorological and oceanographic Shortened Word Forms 334 METSAT meteorological satellite METT-T mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available and civil considerations (USA) MEU Marine expeditionary unit MEVA mission essential vulnerable area MEZ missile engagement zone MF mobile facility MFC multinational force commander MFE mobile field exchange MFO multinational force and observers MGRS military grid reference system MGW maximum gross weight MHD maritime homeland defense MHE materials handling equipment MHS maritime homeland security; Military Health System MHz megahertz MI military intelligence; movement instructions MIA missing in action MIB Military Intelligence Board MIC Multinational Interoperability Council MIDAS model for intertheater deployment by air and sea MIDB modernized integrated database; modernized intelligence database MILAIR military airlift MILALOC military air line of communications MILCO minelike contact MILCON military construction MILDEC military deception MILDEP Military Department MILSATCOM military satellite communications MILSPEC military specification MILSTAMP military standard transportation and movement procedures MIL-STD military standard MILSTRAP military standard transaction reporting and accounting procedure MILSTRIP military standard requisitioning and issue procedure MILTECH military technician MILU multinational integrated logistic unit MIMP Mobilization Information Management Plan MIO maritime interception operations MIOC maritime interception operations commander MIP military intelligence program MIPOE medical intelligence preparation of the operational environment Shortened Word Forms 335 MIPR military interdepartmental purchase request MIR multisensor imagery reconnaissance MIRCS mobile integrated remains collection system MIS military information support MISG military information support group MISO military information support operations MISREP mission report MIST mechanism of injury, injury type, signs, treatment; military information support team MISTF military information support task force MITAM mission tasking matrix MIW mine warfare MIWC mine warfare commander MIWG multinational interoperability working group MJLC multinational joint logistic center M-Kill mobility kill MLA mission load allowance MLEA Maritime Law Enforcement Academy MLEM Maritime Law Enforcement Manual MLG Marine logistics group MLI munitions list item MLMC medical logistics management center MLP mobile landing platform MLRS multiple launch rocket system MLS multilevel security MLSA mutual logistics support agreement MLW mean low water MMAC military mine action center MMG Department of Defense Master Mobilization Guide MMIM Modeled Meteorological Information Manager MMS marine mammal system MNC multinational corporation MNCC multinational coordination center MNEODCC multinational explosives ordnance disposal control center MNF multinational force MNFACC multinational force air component commander MNFC multinational force commander MNFLCC multinational force land component commander MNFMCC multinational force maritime component commander MNFSOCC multinational force special operations component commander MNJLC multinational joint logistics component MNL master net list; multinational logistics MNLC multinational logistic center MNTF multinational task force MOA memorandum of agreement MOB main operating base; mobilization Shortened Word Forms 336 MOBREP military manpower mobilization and accession status report; mobilization report MOC maritime operations center; media operations center MOD ministry of defense; modification Mod model MODA ministry of defense advisor MOE measure of effectiveness MOEI measure of effectiveness indicator MOG maximum (aircraft) on ground MOGAS motor gasoline MOMAT mobility matting MOP measure of performance; memorandum of policy MOPP mission-oriented protective posture MOS military occupational specialty MOTR maritime operational threat response MOU memorandum of understanding MOVREP movement report MP military police (USA and USMC); multinational publication MPA maritime patrol aircraft; mission planning agent MPAT military patient administration team; Multinational Planning Augmentation Team MPE/S maritime pre-positioning equipment and supplies MPF maritime pre-positioning force MPFUB maritime pre-positioning force utility boat mph miles per hour MPICE measuring progress in conflict environments MPNTP Master Positioning Navigation and Timing Plan MPO military post office MPP maritime procedural publication MPR maritime patrol and reconnaissance MPS maritime pre-positioning ship; Military Planning Service (UN); Military Postal Service MPSA Military Postal Service Agency MPSRON maritime pre-positioning ships squadron MPTk Medical Planners’ Toolkit MR milliradian MRAT medical radiobiology advisory team MRBM medium-range ballistic missile MRI magnetic resonance imaging MRO mass rescue operation; materiel release order; medical regulating office; medical regulating officer MRR Marine Raider Regiment; minimum-risk route MRS measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) requirements system MRT maintenance recovery team MRX mission readiness exercise Shortened Word Forms 337 MS Microsoft MSA Maritime Security Act MSC major subordinate command; Military Sealift Command MSCA military support to civilian authorities MSCAT maritime security center augment team MSCO Military Sealift Command Office MSD mobile security division MSE mission support element MSF mission support force; mobile security force MSG Marine security guard; message MSGID message identification MSHARPP mission, symbolism, history, accessibility, recognizability, population, and proximity MSI modified surface index MSIC Missile and Space Intelligence Center MSL mean sea level; military shipping label MSO map support office; maritime security operations; military source operation; military strategic objective; military support operations MSOC Marine special operations company MSOR Marine Special Operations Regiment MSP Maritime Security Program; mission support plan MSPA Missing Service Personnel Act MSR main supply route; mission support request MSRP mission strategic resource plan MSRT Maritime Security Response Team (USCG) MSST maritime safety and security team MST mission support team MTAB Military Technical Acceptance Board MTAC Multiple Threat Alert Center (DON) MT Bn motor transport battalion MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime mtDNA mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid MTF medical treatment facility; military information support operations task force MTFP mission-tailored force package MTN multi-tactical data link network MTO mission type order MTON measurement ton MTP mission tasking packet MTS Marine tactical system; Movement Tracking System MTT mobile training team MTW major theater war MUOS Mobile Users Object System MUSE mobile utilities support equipment MV merchant vessel Shortened Word Forms 338 MWC Missile Warning Center (NORAD) MWD military working dog MWG mobilization working group MWR morale, welfare, and recreation MWSD Marine wing support detachment MWSG Marine wing support group MWSS Marine wing support squadron MWT modular warping tug 339 N N-2 Director of Naval Intelligence; Navy component intelligence staff officer N-6 Director of Naval Communications Networks NA5CRO non-Article 5 crisis response operation (NATO) NAC North Atlantic Council (NATO) NAD 83 North American Datum 1983 NADR nonproliferation, antiterrorism, demining, and related programs NAE Navy acquisition executive NAEC-ENG Naval Air Engineering Center - Engineering NAF nonappropriated funds; numbered air force NAI named area of interest NALC Navy ammunition logistics code NALE naval and amphibious liaison element NALSS naval advanced logistic support site NAMS National Air Mobility System NAR nonconventional assisted recovery; notice of ammunition reclassification NARAC national atmospheric release advisory capability; National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (DOE) NARP Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures NAS naval air station NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASIC National Air and Space Intelligence Center NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATOPS Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization NAVAIDS navigational aids NAVAIR Naval Air Systems Command NAVCYBERFOR Navy Cyber Forces NAVELSG Navy expeditionary logistics support group NAVEODTECHDIV Naval Explosives Ordnance Disposal Technology Division NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering Command NAVFACENGCOM Naval Facilities Engineering Command NAVFAC EXWC Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center NAVFOR Navy forces NAVMED Navy medicine NAVMTO Navy Material Transportation Office NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office NAVSAT navigation satellite NAVSCOLEOD Naval School Explosive Ordnance Disposal NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command Shortened Word Forms 340 NAVSEAINST Naval Sea Systems Command instruction NAVSOC Naval Satellite Operations Center; naval special operations command NAVSOF Navy special operations forces NAVSPACECOM Naval Space Command NAVSPECWARCOM Naval Special Warfare Command NAVSUP Naval Supply Systems Command NAVWAR navigation warfare NAWCAD Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division Navy TACC Navy tactical air control center NBC nuclear, biological, and chemical NBG naval beach group NBI nonbattle injury NBVC Naval Base Ventura County Agency NCAGS naval cooperation and guidance for shipping NCAPS naval coordination and protection of shipping NCB noncompliant boarding NCC Navy component command; Navy component commander NCCS Nuclear Command and Control System NCDC National Climatic Data Center NCES Net-Centric Enterprise Services NCESGR National Committee of Employer Support for the Guard and Reserve NCF naval construction force NCG naval construction group NCH natural and cultural resources and historic properties (DOI) NCHB Navy cargo-handling battalion NCIJTF-AG National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force-Analytical Group (DOD) NCIS Naval Criminal Investigative Service NCIX National Counterintelligence Executive NCL National System for Geospatial-Intelligence Consolidated Library NCMI National Center for Medical Intelligence NCMP Navy Capabilities and Mobilization Plan NCO noncombat operations; noncommissioned officer NCOIC noncommissioned officer in charge NCOS naval control of shipping NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan NCPC National Counterproliferation Center NCR National Capital Region (US); National Security Agency/Central Security Service representative; naval construction regiment Shortened Word Forms 341 NCRCC National Capital Region Coordination Center; United States Northern Command Rescue Coordination Center NCRDEF national cryptologic representative defense NCR-IADS National Capital Region-Integrated Air Defense System NCS National Clandestine Service; National Communications System; net control station NCSC National Counterintelligence and Security Center NCSD National Cyber Security Division (DHS) NCTC National Counterterrorism Center NDAA national defense authorization act NDAF Navy, Defense Logistics Agency, Air Force NDB nondirectional beacon NDCS national drug control strategy NDDOC North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Northern Command Deployment and Distribution Operations Cell NDHQ National Defence Headquarters, Canada NDIC National Defense Intelligence College NDMS National Disaster Medical System (DHHS) NDP national disclosure policy NDPC National Disclosure Policy Committee NDRC National Detainee Reporting Center NDRF National Defense Reserve Fleet NDS national defense strategy NDSF National Defense Sealift Fund NDT nuclear disablement team NDU National Defense University NEA Northeast Asia NEAT naval embarked advisory team NEC National Economic Council NECC Navy Expeditionary Combat Command NEIC Navy Expeditionary Intelligence Command NELR Navy expeditionary logistics regiment NEO noncombatant evacuation operation NEOCC noncombatant evacuation operation coordination center NEP National Exercise Program NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NES National Exploitation System NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (DOC) NEST nuclear emergency support team (DOE) NETWARCOM Naval Network Warfare Command NEW net explosive weight NFA no-fire area NFC numbered fleet commander NFELC Naval Facilities Expeditionary Logistics Center Shortened Word Forms 342 NFESC Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center NFI national foreign intelligence NFIB National Foreign Intelligence Board NFIP National Flood Insurance Program (FEMA) NFLS naval forward logistic site NG National Guard NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency NGB National Guard Bureau NGB-OC National Guard Bureau-Office of the Chaplain NGCC National Guard Coordination Center NGCDP National Guard Counterdrug Program NGCSP National Guard Counterdrug Support Program NGDS Net-Centric Geospatial-Intelligence Discovery Services NGFS naval gunfire support NGIC National Ground Intelligence Center NG JFHQ-State National Guard joint force headquarters-state NGLO naval gunfire liaison officer NGO nongovernmental organization NGP National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Program NHMD National Human Intelligence Manager directive NIC National Intelligence Council NICC National Intelligence Coordination Center NICCL National Incident Communications Conference Line NICCP National Interdiction Command and Control Plan NIH National Institutes of Health (DHHS) NIL National Information Library NIM national intelligence manager NIMS National Incident Management System NIOC Navy Information Operations Command NIP National Intelligence Program NIPF National Intelligence Priorities Framework NIPRNET Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network NISP national intelligence support plan NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NIT nuclear incident team NITF national imagery transmission format NJOIC National Joint Operations and Intelligence Center NJTTF National Joint Terrorism Task Force NLRP nonlethal reference point NLT not later than NLW nonlethal weapon nm nautical mile NMAWC Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command NMC Navy Munitions Command NMCB naval mobile construction battalion NMCC National Military Command Center Shortened Word Forms 343 NMCS National Military Command System; not mission capable, supply NMCSO Navy and Marine Corps spectrum office NMEC National Media Exploitation Center NMIC National Maritime Intelligence Center NMIO National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office NMIST National Military Intelligence Support Team (DIA) NMO National Measurement and Signature Intelligence Office NMS national military strategy NMSA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual Support Act NMSC Navy and Marine Corps Spectrum Center NMS-CO National Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations NMS-CWMD National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction NMSP-WOT National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism NMT national mission team NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE) NNWC Naval Network Warfare Command NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC) NOACT Navy overseas air cargo terminal NOC National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Operation Center; National Operations Center (DHS); network operations center NOE nap-of-the-earth NOFORN not releasable to foreign nationals NOK next of kin NOLSC Naval Operational Logistics Support Center NOMWC Navy Oceanographic Mine Warfare Center non-CAAF contractors not authorized to accompany the force NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command NOSC network operations and security center NOSSA Navy Ordnance Safety and Security Activity NOTAM notice to airmen NPF national planning framework NPPD National Protection and Programs Directorate (DHS) NPS National Park Service; nonprior service NPT Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons NRAT nuclear/radiological advisory team NRC National Response Center (USCG); non-unit-related cargo NRCHB Naval Reserve cargo-handling battalion NRF National Response Framework NRG notional requirements generator NRO National Reconnaissance Office NRP non-unit-related personnel NRT near real time Shortened Word Forms 344 NSA National Security Agency; national shipping authority; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agency NSABB National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NIH) NSA/CSS National Security Agency/Central Security Service NSARC National Search and Rescue Committee NSAT United States Northern Command situational awareness team NSAWC Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center NSC National Security Council NSC/DC National Security Council/Deputies Committee NSC/IPC National Security Council/interagency policy committee NSC/PC National Security Council/Principals Committee NSCS National Security Council System NSD National Security Directive; National Security Division (FBI) NSDD national security decision directive NSDM national security decision memorandum NSE national support element; Navy support element NS/EP national security and emergency preparedness NSF national security forces; National Strike Force (USCG) NSFS naval surface fire support NSG National System for Geospatial Intelligence NSHS National Strategy for Homeland Security NSL no-strike list NSMS National Strategy for Maritime Security NSN national stock number NSOC National Security Operations Center NSP National Search and Rescue Plan NSPD national security Presidential directive NSPI National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza NSPM national security Presidential memorandum NSS National Search and Rescue Supplement; national security strategy; national security system NSSE national special security event NST National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency support team; national support team NSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee NSTS National Secure Telephone System NSW naval special warfare NSWCDD Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division NSWC IHEODTD Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division NSWTF naval special warfare task force NSWTG naval special warfare task group NSWTU naval special warfare task unit NTA nontraditional agent NTACS Navy tactical air control system Shortened Word Forms 345 NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration (DOC) NTM national or multinational technical means of verification; notice to mariners NTRP Navy tactical reference publication NTS noncombatant evacuation operation tracking system NTSB National Transportation Safety Board NTTP Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures NUC non-unit-related cargo NUFEA Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft NURP non-unit-related personnel NVD night vision device NVDT National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency voluntary deployment team NVG night vision goggle NVOAD National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster NWDC Navy Warfare Development Command NWP Navy warfare publication NWS National Weather Service NZ New Zealand Shortened Word Forms 346 Intentionally Blank 347 O 1MC general announcing system 1NCD 1st Naval Construction Division O&I operations and intelligence O&M operation and maintenance OA objective area; operational area OAE operational area evaluation OAF Operation ALLIED FORCE OAFME Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner OAI oceanographic area of interest OAM Office of Air and Marine (DHS) OAP offset aimpoint OAS offensive air support; Organization of American States OASD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense OASD(NII/CIO) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration/Chief Information Officer) OASD(PA) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) OASD(RA) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) OAU Organization of African Unity O/B outboard OB order of battle OBA Office of Biotechnology Activities (NIH); oxygen breathing apparatus OBFS offshore bulk fuel system OBIM Office of Biometric Identity Management (DHS) OBP object-based production OC operations center OCA offensive counterair; operational control authority OCBD Office of Capacity Building and Development (USDA) OCCA ocean cargo clearance authority OCDETF Organized Crime and Drug Enforcement Task Force OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCIE organizational clothing and individual equipment OCJCS Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff OCO offensive cyberspace operations; offload control officer OCONUS outside the continental United States OCP operational capability package OCS operational contract support OCSIC operational contract support integration cell OCU offload control unit ODC Office of Defense Cooperation ODCSLOG Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (USA) ODNI Office of the Director of National Intelligence OE operational environment OE&AS organization for embarkation and assignment to shipping Shortened Word Forms 348 OEBGD Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document OEC Office of Emergency Communications (DHS) OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEF Operation ENDURING FREEDOM OEG operational experts group; operational exposure guidance; operations security executive group OEH occupational and environmental health OER officer evaluation report OES office of emergency services OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control (Treasury) OFCO offensive counterintelligence operation OFDA Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID) OHDACA Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid (DSCA) OHDM Office of Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief, and Mine Action OI operating instruction; operational interest OIA Office of Insular Affairs (DOI); Office of International Affairs (Treasury) OIC officer in charge OICC officer in charge of construction OIF Operation IRAQI FREEDOM OIIL Office of Intelligence and Investigative Liaison (CBP) OIR other intelligence requirements OJT on-the-job training OLEM Office of Land and Emergency Management (EPA) OMA Office of Military Affairs (CIA and USAID) OMB Office of Management and Budget OMC Office of Military Cooperation OMSPH Office of Medicine, Science, and Public Health (DHHS) ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy ONE Operation NOBLE EAGLE ONI Office of Naval Intelligence OOB order of battle OOD officer of the deck OODA observe, orient, decide, act OOS out of service OP observation post; ordnance publication OPC Ocean Prediction Center (DOC) OPCON operational control OPDAT Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance, and Training (DOJ) OPDEC operational deception OPDS offshore petroleum discharge system (USN) OPDS-Future offshore petroleum discharge system-future (USN) OPDS-L offshore petroleum discharge system-legacy (USN) OPE operational preparation of the environment Shortened Word Forms 349 OPELINT operational electronic intelligence OPEO Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations (DHHS) OPFOR opposing force; opposition force OPG operations planning group OPGEN operation general matter OPIR overhead persistent infrared OPLAN operation plan OPLAW operational law OPM Office of Personnel Management OPMG Office of the Provost Marshal General OPNAV Office of the Chief of Naval Operations OPNAVINST Chief of Naval Operations instruction OPORD operation order OPP off-load preparation party; orderwire patch panel OPR office of primary responsibility OPREP operational report OPROJ operational project OPS operational project stock OPSDEPS Service Operations Deputies OPSEC operations security OPSTK operational stock OPT operational planning team OPTAR operating target OPTASK operational tasking (message); operation task OPTASK AMPHIB operational tasking amphibious message OPTASKLINK operations task link OPTEMPO operating tempo OR operational readiness ORBAT order of battle ORD Office of Research and Development (EPA) ORM operational risk management ORP ocean reception point ORS operationally responsive space ORSA operations research and systems analysis OS operating stocks; operating system OSA operational support airlift OSC offensive space control; on-scene commander; on-site commander; Open Source Center (CIA) OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense OSD/DMDPO Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense Military Deception Program Office OSE operations support element OSEI operational significant event imagery OSINT open-source information; open-source intelligence OSM Office of Spectrum Management (NTIA) Shortened Word Forms 350 OSOCC on-site operations coordination center OSR on-station report OT&E operational test and evaluation OTA Office of Technical Assistance (Treasury) OTC officer in tactical command; over the counter OTERA organize, train, equip, rebuild/build, and advise OTH over the horizon OTI Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID) OUB offshore petroleum discharge system utility boat OUSD Office of the Under Secretary of Defense OUSD(AT&L) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) OUSD(C) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) OUSD(C/CFO) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer) OUSD(I) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) OUSD(P) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy OVM Operation VIGILANT MARINER OWS operational weather squadron 351 P P publication PA physician assistant; primary agency; probability of arrival; public affairs PACAF Pacific Air Forces PAD patient administration director PADD person authorized to direct disposition of human remains PAG public affairs guidance PALCON pallet container PAM preventive and aerospace medicine PaM passage material PAO public affairs office; public affairs officer PAR population at risk PARS Personnel and Accountability System PAWS phased array warning system PAX passengers; public affairs plans PB peace building PB4T planning board for training PBA performance-based agreement; production base analysis PBIED person-borne improvised explosive device PBOS Planning Board for Ocean Shipping PBR program and budget review PC patrol craft; preliminary coordination; Principals Committee PC&S post, camp, and station PCA Posse Comitatus Act PCASS Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System PCC police contributing country; policy coordination committee PCO primary control officer; procuring contracting officer PCOF Patient Condition Occurrence Frequency PCRTS primary casualty receiving and treatment ship PCS permanent change of station; primary control ship PCTC pure car and truck carrier PD position description; priority designator; probability of damage; probability of detection; program directive PDA preliminary damage assessment PDAL prioritized defended asset list PDC Pacific Disaster Center PDD Presidential decision directive PDF portable data file PDSS predeployment site survey PDT partnership development team PDUSD(A&S) Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Shortened Word Forms 352 PDUSD(P&R) Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) PE personal effects; preparation of the environment; program element PECC patient evacuation coordination cell PED processing, exploitation, and dissemination PEIO personnel effects inventory officer PEO peace enforcement operations; program executive office PEP personnel exchange program PERE person eligible to receive effects PERMA planning, embarkation, rehearsal, movement, and action PERMREP permanent representative (NATO) PERSCO personnel support for contingency operations PFA primary federal agency PFDB planning factors database PFG Preferred Force Generation PFO principal federal official PfP Partnership for Peace (NATO) PGI procedures, guidance, and information PGM precision-guided munition PHEO public health emergency officer PHIBCB amphibious construction battalion PHIBOP amphibious operation PHIBRON amphibious squadron PHIT port handling/in-land transportation PI pandemic influenza; point of impact; purposeful interference Pi probability of incapacitation PI&ID pandemic influenza and infectious disease PIAB President’s Intelligence Advisory Board PIC payment in cash PID positive identification PII pre-incident indicators PIO public information officer PIR priority intelligence requirement PIREP pilot report PIRT purposeful interference response team PISA post isolation support activity PIT platform information technology PIU patient isolation unit PJ pararescue jumper PK probability of kill PKB purple kill box PKO peacekeeping operations PKSOI Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute PL phase line Shortened Word Forms 353 PLA post-launch abort PLAD plain language address directory PLANORD planning order PLB personal locator beacon PLS palletized load system PLT platoon PM Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (DOS); patient movement; peacemaking; preventive medicine; program management; program manager; provost marshal PMA political/military assessment PMC passenger, mail, and cargo; private military company PMCF post maintenance check flight PME professional military education PMESII political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure PMGM program manager’s guidance memorandum PMI patient movement item; prevention of mutual interference PMI-ATS Patient Movement Items-Asset Tracking System PMITS Patient Movement Item Tracking System PMO production management office(r); program management office PMR patient movement request; patient movement requirement PMRC patient movement requirements center PN partner nation PNA postal net alert PNT positioning, navigation, and timing PO peace operations; petty officer POA plan of action POB persons on board POC point of contact POCD port operations cargo detachment POD plan of the day; port of debarkation; probability of detection POE port of embarkation; port of entry POES polar operational environment satellite POF priority of fires POG port operations group; psychological operations group POI person of interest; point of injury POL petroleum, oils, and lubricants POLAD policy advisor; political advisor POLCAP bulk petroleum capabilities report POLMIL political-military POM program objective memorandum PORTSIM port simulation model POS point of sale; Point-of-Service; probability of success POTUS President of the United States Shortened Word Forms 354 POV privately owned vehicle POW prisoner of war POW/MIA prisoner of war/missing in action PPAG proposed public affairs guidance PPBE Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution PPD Presidential policy directive PPE personal protective equipment PPF personnel processing file PPLI precise participant location and identification PPTO petroleum pipeline and terminal operating PPW patient protective wrap PR personnel recovery; Phoenix Raven; production requirement; program review PRA patient reception area; primary review authority PRC populace and resources control; Presidential Reserve Call- up; primary receiving center PRCC personnel recovery coordination cell; personnel recovery coordination center PRCS personnel recovery coordination section PRD personnel readiness division; Presidential review directive PRDO personnel recovery duty officer PREPO pre-positioned force, equipment, or supplies; pre- positioning PREREP pre-arrival report PRF pulse repetition frequency PRG personnel recovery guidance PRIFLY primary flight control Prime BEEF prime base engineer emergency force PRISM Planning Tool for Resource, Integration, Synchronization, and Management PRM Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (DOS) PRMS personnel recovery mission software PRMx production requirements matrix PROVORG providing organization PRP Personnel Retrieval and Processing PRRP personnel recovery reference product PRT patient reception team; provincial reconstruction team PRTF personnel recovery task force PS port security PSA port support activity; principal staff assistant PSC private security contractor PSD port security detachment PSI Proliferation Security Initiative psi pounds per square inch PSO peace support operations (NATO); post security officer PSS personnel services support Shortened Word Forms 355 PSS-SOF Precision Strike Suite-Special Operations Forces P-STATIC precipitation static PSU port security unit PSYOP psychological operations (forces) PTDO prepare to deploy order PTM personnel transport module PTTI precise time and time interval PUK packup kit PV prime vendor PVNTMED preventive medicine PVT positioning, velocity, and timing PWCS port, waterways, and coastal security PWG protection working group PWRR pre-positioned war reserve requirements PWRS petroleum war reserve stocks; pre-positioned war reserve stock PWS performance work statement PWT precision weapons team Shortened Word Forms 356 Intentionally Blank 357 Q QA quality assurance QAR quality assurance representative QAT quality assurance team QC quality control QDR quadrennial defense review QHDA qualified hazardous duty area QIP quick impact project QM quartermaster QOL quality of life QRF quick reaction force; quick response force QRP quick response posture QS quality surveillance QSTAG quadripartite standardization agreement QUADCON quadruple container Shortened Word Forms 358 Intentionally Blank 359 R R&D research and development R&R rest and recuperation R&S reconstruction and stabilization R2P2 rapid response planning process RA response action; risk analysis; risk assessment RAC-OT readiness assessment system - output tool RAD routine aerial distribution RADBN radio battalion RADC regional air defense commander RADCON radiological control team RAF Royal Air Force (UK) RAM raised angle marker; random antiterrorism measure; rockets, artillery, and mortars RAMCC regional air movement control center RAP Radiological Assistance Program (DOE) RAS-OT readiness assessment system-output tool RATE refine, adapt, terminate, execute RBA reimbursable budget authority RBC red blood cell RC Reserve Component; resident coordinator (UN) RCA riot control agent RCC regional contracting center; rescue coordination center RCD regional collection detachment RCEM regional contingency engineering management RCIED radio-controlled improvised explosive device RCM Rules for Courts-Martial RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCO regional contracting office RCT regimental combat team; rescue coordination team (USN) RDCFP Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program RDCTFP Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program RDD radiological dispersal device RDO request for deployment order RDT&E research, development, test, and evaluation REA Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment REAC/TS radiation emergency assistance center/training site (DOE) RED radiological exposure device RED HORSE rapid engineer deployable heavy operational repair squadron engineer REF Rapid Equipping Force (USA) REPOL bulk petroleum contingency report REPUNIT reporting unit RES radiation exposure status Shortened Word Forms 360 RESCAP rescue combat air patrol RESCORT rescue escort RESPROD responsible production RF radio frequency; reserve force RFA request for assistance; restrictive fire area RFC request for capabilities; revision final coordination RF CM radio frequency countermeasures RFD revision first draft RFF request for feedback; request for forces RFI radio frequency interference; request for information RFID radio frequency identification RFL restrictive fire line RFP request for proposal RFS request for service; request for sourcing; request for support RGS remote geospatial intelligence services Rh Rhesus Rh(D) Rhesus (D antigen) RHIB rigid hull inflatable boat RICO regional interface control officer RIK replacement in kind RLT regimental landing team RM ramp module; recovery mechanism; resource management; risk management RMC rescue mission commander RMP religious ministry professional RMT response management team ROC rehearsal of concept ROE rules of engagement ROICC resident officer in charge of construction ROK Republic of Korea ROM restriction of movement; rough order of magnitude ROMO range of military operations RON remain overnight RO/RO roll-on/roll-off ROS reduced operating status ROTC Reserve Officer Training Corps ROWPU reverse osmosis water purification unit ROZ restricted operations zone RP religious program specialist; retained personnel RPG rocket propelled grenade RPM revolutions per minute RPO rendezvous and proximity operations RPOE rapid port opening element RQT rapid query tool RR reattack recommendation Shortened Word Forms 361 RRCC regional response coordination center RRDF roll-on/roll-off discharge facility RRF rapid response force; Ready Reserve Force RRS remote replication system RS religious support RSC regional service center; rescue sub-center RSE retrograde support element RSF recovery support function RSI rationalization, standardization, and interoperability RSN role specialist nation RSO reception, staging, and onward movement; regional security officer; remote split operations RSOI reception, staging, onward movement, and integration RSS really simple syndication RSSC regional space support center RSSC-LO regional space support center liaison officer RST religious support team RSTA reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition RT recovery team; rough terrain RTB return to base RTCC rough terrain container crane RTCH rough terrain container handler RTD returned to duty RTF return to force RTL restricted target list RUF rules for the use of force RV rendezvous RW rotary-wing RWR radar warning receiver Shortened Word Forms 362 Intentionally Blank 363 S 618 AOC (TACC) 618th Air Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control Center) S&R search and recovery S&T science and technology; scientific and technical S&TI scientific and technical intelligence S-1 battalion or brigade manpower and personnel staff officer; personnel officer/personnel office (USMC) S-2 battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (USA); intelligence officer/intelligence office (USMC) S-3 battalion or brigade operations staff officer (USA); operations and training officer/operations and training office (USMC) SA security assistance; situational awareness; staging area SAA senior airfield authority SAAFR standard use Army aircraft flight route SAAM special assignment airlift mission SAC special actions cell; supporting arms coordinator SACC supporting arms coordination center (USMC) SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (NATO) SACT Supreme Allied Commander Transformation SADC sector air defense commander SADL situation awareness data link SADO senior air defense officer SAFE secure analyst file environment; selected area for evasion; sexual assault forensic examination SAG surface action group SALM single-anchor leg mooring SALT supporting arms liaison team SAM surface-to-air missile SAO security assistance office; security assistance officer SAP special access program SAPO subarea petroleum office SAPR sexual assault prevention and response SAR satellite access request; search and rescue; special access requirement; suspicious activity report; synthetic aperture radar SARC sexual assault response coordinator SARDOT search and rescue point SARIR search and rescue incident report SAROPS Search and Rescue Optimal Planning System SARREQ search and rescue request SARSAT search and rescue satellite-aided tracking SARSIT search and rescue situation summary report SATCOM satellite communications Shortened Word Forms 364 SAWG strategic assessment working group SBCT Stryker brigade combat team SBU sensitive but unclassified SC security cooperation SCA sociocultural analysis; space coordinating authority; support to civil administration SCAR strike coordination and reconnaissance SCC service cryptologic component; Service cyberspace component; shipping coordination center SCC-WMD United States Strategic Command Center for Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction SCF(US) Save the Children Federation (United States) SCG Security Cooperation Guidance SCHBT shape, clear, hold, build, and transition SCI sensitive compartmented information SCIF sensitive compartmented information facility SCL standard conventional load SCM security countermeasure; Service container manager SCO secondary control officer; security cooperation organization; senior contracting official; state coordinating officer SCP security cooperation plan; service control point S/CRS Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (DOS) SCT shipping coordination team S/CT Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (DOS) SD severe damage; strategy division SDA senior development advisor SDB Satellite Communications Database; small diameter bomb SDDC Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command SDDCTEA Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command Transportation Engineering Agency SDF self defense force SDO senior defense official; ship’s debarkation officer SDOB Secretary of Defense Orders Book SDO/DATT senior defense official/defense attaché SDP strategic distribution platform SDZ self-defense zone SE site exploitation; spherical error SEA ships’ bunkers easy acquisition; Southeast Asia Seabee Navy construction engineer SEAD suppression of enemy air defenses SEC submarine element coordinator SECAF Secretary of the Air Force SECARMY Secretary of the Army SecDef Secretary of Defense Shortened Word Forms 365 SECDHS Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security SECHS Secretary of Homeland Security SECNAV Secretary of the Navy SECNAVINST Secretary of the Navy instruction SECOMP secure en route communications package SECSTATE Secretary of State SECTRANS Secretary of Transportation SEF sealift enhancement feature SEL senior enlisted leader SEMA special electronic mission aircraft SEPLO state emergency preparedness liaison officer SERE survival, evasion, resistance, and escape SES senior executive service SEW shared early warning SEWOC signals intelligence/electronic warfare operations centre (NATO) SF special forces; standard form SFA security force assistance SFAF standard frequency action format SFAT spectrum flyaway team SFC single-fuel concept SFCP shore fire control party SFG special forces group SFMS special forces medical sergeant SFOR Stabilization Force SG steering group; surgeon general SGS strategic guidance statement SGXM Headquarters, Air Mobility Command/Surgeon SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe SHF super-high frequency SHORAD short-range air defense SHORADEZ short-range air defense engagement zone SI United States Strategic Command strategic instruction SIC supporting intelligence center SICO sector interface control officer SIDO senior intelligence duty officer SIF selective identification feature SIGCON signature control SIGINT signals intelligence SIM system impact message SIMLM single integrated medical logistics manager SINCGARS single-channel ground and airborne radio system SIO senior intelligence officer SIOC Strategic Information and Operations Center (FBI) SIPRNET SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network Shortened Word Forms 366 SIR specific information requirement; Strategic Military Intelligence Review SITREP situation report SIV special interest vessel SJA staff judge advocate SJFHQ(CE) standing joint force headquarters (core element) SJFHQ-E standing joint force headquarters – elimination SJOA space joint operating area SJS Secretary, Joint Staff SLA special leave accrual SLBM submarine-launched ballistic missile SLCM sea-launched cruise missile SLCP ship lighterage control point; ship’s loading characteristics pamphlet SLO space liaison officer SLOC sea line of communications SLRP survey, liaison, and reconnaissance party SLS shoot-look-shoot SLWT side loadable warping tug SM spectrum management; standard missile SMB spectrum management branch SMC search and rescue mission coordinator SMCA single manager for conventional ammunition SMCM surface mine countermeasures SME subject matter expert SMO senior meteorological and oceanographic officer; strategic mobility office(r) SMRC Specialized Medical Response Capabilities SMS Single Mobility System SMU special mission unit SMWDC Surface and Mine Warfighting Development Center SN serial number SNA social network analysis SNCO staff noncommissioned officer SNF strategic nuclear forces SOA special operations aviation (USA); sustained operations ashore SOAGS special operations air-ground system SO-ATP special operations-advanced tactical practitioner SOC special operations commander SOCCE special operations command and control element SOCCET special operations critical care evacuation team SOC-FWD special operations command-forward SOCM special operations combat medic SOCNORTH United States Special Operations Command, North SOCPAC Special Operations Command Pacific Shortened Word Forms 367 SOD special operations division SOE special operations executive SOF special operations forces SOFA status-of-forces agreement SOF-CF special operations forces-conventional forces SOFLE special operations forces liaison element SOG special operations group SOI signal operating instructions SOIC senior officer of the intelligence community SOJTF special operations joint task force SOLE special operations liaison element SOLO special operations liaison officer SOM structured observation management SOMA status-of-mission agreement SOMARDS Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and Development System SOMARDS NT Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and Development System Non-Technical SOP standard operating procedure SORTIEALOT sortie allotment message SORTS Status of Resources and Training System SOSB special operations support battalion SOST special operations support team SOTA signals intelligence operational tasking authority SOTF special operations task force SOW special operations wing; standoff weapon; statement of work SP security police SPE senior procurement executive SPECAT special category SPG Strategic Planning Guidance SPI sensor point of interest; special investigative (USAF) SPINS special instructions SPM service postal manager; single port manager SPMAGTF special purpose Marine air-ground task force SPOD seaport of debarkation SPOE seaport of embarkation SPOT Synchronized Predeployment and Operational Tracker SPOTREP spot report SPP Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America; State Partnership Program SR special reconnaissance SRBM short-range ballistic missile SRG Seabee readiness group SRM sustainment, restoration, and modernization SROE standing rules of engagement Shortened Word Forms 368 SRR search and rescue region SRSG special representative of the Secretary-General SRUF standing rules for the use of force SS steamship SSA security sector assistance; software support activity; space situational awareness; special support activity (NSA); supply support activity SSB single side band SSC small scale contingency; special security center SSCO shipper’s service control office SSE space support element SSI standing signal instruction SSM surface-to-surface missile SSN Social Security number SSO special security office(r) SSPM single-service postal manager SSR security sector reform SSS Selective Service System SST special support team (National Security Agency) SSTR stability, security, transition, and reconstruction SSWG space support working group ST short ton; strike team STANAG standardization agreement (NATO) STAR sensitive target approval and review STARS Standard Accounting and Reporting System START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty S-Team staff augmentation team STEP standardized tactical entry point STO special technical operations STOL short takeoff and landing STON short ton STS special tactics squadron STT special tactics team STU secure telephone unit STW strike warfare STWC strike warfare commander SUBOPAUTH submarine operating authority SUPP supplement SUPPO supply officer SUROBS surf observation SUST BDE sustainment brigade SUW surface warfare SUWC surface warfare commander SVC stored value card SW shallow water SWO staff weather officer Shortened Word Forms 369 SWPC Space Weather Prediction Center SXXI SPECTRUM XXI SXXI-O SPECTRUM XXI-Online SYG Secretary-General (UN) SYSCOM systems command SZ surf zone Shortened Word Forms 370 Intentionally Blank 371 T 2-D two-dimensional 2E Role 2 enhanced 2LM Role 2 light maneuver 2X counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element 3-D three-dimensional T&E test and evaluation T2 technology transfer TA target acquisition; target audience; technical arrangement; theater Army; threat assessment TAA tactical assembly area; target audience analysis TAACOM theater Army area command TAAMDCOORD theater Army air and missile defense coordinator TAC terminal attack control TAC(A) tactical air coordinator (airborne) TACAIR tactical air TACAN tactical air navigation TACC tanker airlift control center TAC-D tactical deception TACLOG tactical-logistical TACO theater allied contracting office TACON tactical control TACOPDAT tactical operational data TACP tactical air control party TACRON tactical air control squadron T-ACS auxiliary crane ship TACS tactical air control system; theater air control system TACSAT tactical satellite TACT tactical aviation control team TAD tactical air direction; temporary additional duty (non-unit- related personnel); theater air defense TADC tactical air direction center TAF tactical air force TAFT technical assistance field team TAG technical assistance group; the adjutant general TAGS theater air-ground system T-AH hospital ship TAI target area of interest T-AKR fast logistics ship TAMP Transitional Assistance Management Program TAO tactical air officer TAOC tactical air operations center (USMC) TAR tactical air request TARWI target weather and intelligence TASKORD tasking order Shortened Word Forms 372 TASWC theater antisubmarine warfare commander TAT tactical analysis team; technical assistance team TATC tactical air traffic control T-AVB aviation logistics support ship TBC theater business clearance TBM theater ballistic missile TBMCS theater battle management core system TBMD theater ballistic missile defense TB MED technical bulletin medical TB(X) transportation brigade (expeditionary) TC training circular TCA traditional combatant commander activity TC-AIMS II Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Information for Movement System II TCC transportation component command; troop contributing country TCCC tactical combat casualty care TCCET tactical critical care evacuation team TCCT tactical critical care transport TCEM theater contingency engineering management TCF tactical combat force TCM theater construction manager; theater container manager TCMD transportation control and movement document TCN third country national; transportation control number TCO termination contracting officer; transnational criminal organization TCPED tasking, collection, processing, exploitation, and dissemination TCS theater communications system TCSP theater consolidation and shipping point TD theater distribution; tie down TDC target development cell TDCP theater distribution campaign plan TDD time-definite delivery TDF theater detention facility TDL tactical data link TDN tactical data network; target development nomination TDP theater distribution plan TDRC theater detainee reporting center TDY temporary duty TEA Transportation Engineering Agency TEC theater engineer command TECHCON technical control TECHELINT technical electronic intelligence TECHINT technical intelligence TEDAC Terrorist Explosive Device Analytical Center (FBI) Shortened Word Forms 373 TEL transporter-erector-launcher TEMPER tent extendible modular personnel TENCAP tactical exploitation of national capabilities program TEO team embarkation officer TEP theater engagement plan TERCOM terrain contour matching TET targeting effects team TETK TeleEngineering Toolkit TEU technical escort unit; twenty-foot equivalent unit TEWLS Theater Enterprise Wide Logistics System TF task force TFC threat finance cell TFCICA task force counterintelligence coordinating authority TFE tactical field exchange; threat finance exploitation TFF total force fitness TFI threat finance intelligence TFMS-M Transportation Financial Management System-Military TG task group TGM terminally guided munitions TGO terminal guidance operations THAAD Terminal High Altitude Area Defense THOC theater head of contracting THT tactical human intelligence team THX theater express TI threat identification TIA theater intelligence assessment TIB theater intelligence brigade; toxic industrial biological TIC target information center; toxic industrial chemical TIDE Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment TIM toxic industrial material TIO target intelligence officer TIP target intelligence package; trafficking in persons TIR toxic industrial radiological TJAG the judge advocate general T-JTB theater-joint transportation board TLA theater logistics analysis TLAM Tomahawk land-attack missile TLAMM theater lead agent for medical materiel TLE target location error TLM target list management; topographic line map TLO theater logistics overview TM target materials; technical manual TMAO theater mortuary affairs office; theater mortuary affairs officer TMD theater missile defense TMEP theater mortuary evacuation point Shortened Word Forms 374 TMIP theater medical information program TMM transregional, multi-domain, and multifunctional TMO traffic management office; transportation management office T/M/S type, model, and/or series TMT time-phased force and deployment data management tool TNCC theater network operations control center TNL target nomination list TO technical order; theater of operations TO&E table of organization and equipment TOA table of allowance; transfer of authority TOC tactical operations center TOD tactical ocean data TOF time of flight TOI track of interest TOPINT technical operational intelligence TOR term of reference TOS time on station TOT time on target TP transportation priority TPE theater provided equipment TPED tasking, processing, exploitation, and dissemination; theater personal effects depot TPFDD time-phased force and deployment data TPFDL time-phased force and deployment list TPMRC United States Transportation Command patient movement requirements center TPP theater posture plan TPT tactical petroleum terminal TQ tactical questioning TRA technical review authority TRAC2ES United States Transportation Command Regulating and Command and Control Evacuation System TRADOC United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Trans BDE transportation brigade Trans Det RPO transportation detachment rapid port opening TRANSEC transmission security TRAP tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel (USMC); tactical related applications TRIADS Tri-Wall Aerial Distribution System TRICON triple container TRO training and readiness oversight TROPO tropospheric scatter TRP target reference point TS time-sensitive; top secret Shortened Word Forms 375 TSA target system analysis; Transportation Security Administration (DHS) TSC theater security cooperation; theater support command; theater sustainment command (USA) TSCIF temporary sensitive compartmented information facility TSCM technical surveillance countermeasures TSCP theater security cooperation plan TSOC tactical special operations command; theater special operations command TSS target sensing system TSSA transitional security sector assistance TST terminal support team; time-sensitive target TSWA temporary secure working area TT&C telemetry, tracking, and commanding TTAB Technical Training Acceptance Board TTAN transportation tracking account number TTD tactical terrain data TTL tagging, tracking, and locating TTN transportation tracking number TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures; trailer transfer point TTT time to target TTU transportation terminal unit TU task unit TUCHA type unit characteristics file TV television TW&A threat warning and assessment TWCF Transportation Working Capital Fund TWDS tactical water distribution system TYCOM type commander Shortened Word Forms 376 Intentionally Blank 377 U UA unmanned aircraft UAR unconventional assisted recovery UARCC unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell UAS unmanned aircraft system UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UCMJ Uniform Code of Military Justice UCP Unified Command Plan UCT underwater construction team UDL unit deployment list UEWR upgraded early warning radar UFAC Underground Facilities Analysis Center UFC Unified Facilities Criteria UFO ultrahigh frequency follow-on UGA ungoverned area UGIRH Urban Generic Information Requirements Handbook UGO unified geospatial-intelligence operations UHF ultrahigh frequency UIC unit identification code UJTL Universal Joint Task List UK United Kingdom ULN unit line number ULSD ultra-low sulfur diesel UMCM underwater mine countermeasures UMD unit movement data UMMIPS Uniform Material Movement and Issue Priority System UMO unit movement officer UMS unmanned system UN United Nations UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UN CMCoord United Nations humanitarian civil-military coordination UNCT United Nations country team UND urgency of need designator UNDAC United Nations disaster assessment and coordination UNDFS United Nations Department of Field Support UN-DMT United Nations disaster management team UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDPKO United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations UNEP United Nations environment programme UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service UNHCHR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHQ United Nations Headquarters UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNITAF unified task force Shortened Word Forms 378 UNMEM United Nations military expert on mission UNO unit number UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNOSOM United Nations Operations in Somalia UNPA United Nations Participation Act UNPROFOR United Nations protection force UNSC United Nations Security Council UNSCR United Nations Security Council resolution UNSG United Nations Secretary-General UON urgent operational need UP&TT unit personnel and tonnage table URL uniform resource locater URN unit reference number US&R urban search and rescue USA United States Army USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USACFSC United States Army Community and Family Support Center USACHPPM United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine USACIDC United States Army Criminal Investigation Command USAEDS United States Atomic Energy Detection System USAF United States Air Force USAFE United States Air Forces in Europe USAFR United States Air Force Reserve USAFRICOM United States Africa Command USAFSOS United States Air Force Special Operations School USAID United States Agency for International Development USAMC United States Army Materiel Command USAMMA United States Army Medical Materiel Agency USAMRICD United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense USAMRIID United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRMC United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command USAR United States Army Reserve USARCENT United States Army, Central Command USARDECOM United States Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command USAREUR United States Army, European Command USARNORTH United States Army, North USARPAC United States Army, Pacific Command USARSO United States Army, Southern Command Shortened Word Forms 379 USASMDC/ARSTRAT United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command USASOC United States Army Special Operations Command US BICES United States Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation System US BICES-X United States Battlefield Information Collection and Exploitation System Extended USC United States Code; universal service contract USCENTCOM United States Central Command USCG United States Coast Guard USCGR United States Coast Guard Reserve USCIS United States Citizenship and Immigration Services USCS United States Cryptologic System USCYBERCOM United States Cyber Command USD(A&S) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment USDA United States Department of Agriculture USDAO United States defense attaché office USD(AT&L) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics USD(C) Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) USD(I) Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence USD(P) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy USD(P&R) Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness USELEMNORAD United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command USERID user identification USERRA Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act USEUCOM United States European Command USFF United States Fleet Forces Command USFK United States Forces, Korea USG Under-Secretary-General; United States Government USGS United States Geological Survey USINDOPACOM United States Indo-Pacific Command USIP United States Institute of Peace USLO United States liaison office USMC United States Marine Corps USMCR United States Marine Corps Reserve USMILGP United States military group USML United States Munitions List USMOG United States Military Observer Group USMOG-W United States Military Observer Group - Washington USMS United States Marshals Service USMTF United States message text format USN United States Navy Shortened Word Forms 380 USNAVSO US Naval Forces Southern Command USNMR United States national military representative USNO United States Naval Observatory USNORTHCOM United States Northern Command USNR United States Navy Reserve USNS United States Naval Ship USPHS United States Public Health Service (DHHS) USPS United States Postal Service USSOCOM United States Special Operations Command USSOUTHCOM United States Southern Command USSS United States Secret Service (DHS) USSTRATCOM United States Strategic Command USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command USUN United States Mission to the United Nations USW undersea warfare UTC Coordinated Universal Time; unit type code UTM universal transverse mercator UTO unit table of organization UUV unmanned underwater vehicle; unmanned underwater vessel UW unconventional warfare UXO unexploded explosive ordnance; unexploded ordnance 381 V VA Department of Veterans Affairs; victim advocate; vulnerability assessment VAAP vulnerability assessment and assistance program VBIED vehicle-borne improvised explosive device VBSS visit, board, search, and seizure VCJCS Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff VDL video downlink VE vertical error; violent extremism VEE Venezuelan equine encephalitis VEO violent extremist organization VERTREP vertical replenishment VFR visual flight rules VFS validating flight surgeon VHF very high frequency VI visual information VID visual identification VIP very important person VIPPSA very important personnel protection support activity VIRIN visual information record identification number VIRS verbally initiated release system VISA Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement VISION ID visual information professional identifier VLF very low frequency VMap vector map VMAQ Marine tactical electronic warfare squadron VMC visual meteorological conditions VMF variable message format VMI vendor managed inventory VOD vertical onboard delivery VPV virtual prime vendor VS&PT vehicle summary and priority table VSW very shallow water VTA voluntary tanker agreement VTC video teleconferencing VTOL vertical takeoff and landing VTOL-UAS vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aircraft system Shortened Word Forms 382 Intentionally Blank 383 W WADS Western Air Defense Sector WAI weather area of interest WAN wide-area network WANGO World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations WARM wartime reserve mode WARNORD warning order WARP web-based access and retrieval portal WAS wide area surveillance WASP war air service program WB wideband WBGTI wet bulb globe temperature index WBIED waterborne improvised explosive device WCE weapons of mass destruction coordination element WCO World Customs Organization WCS weapons control status WDCO well deck control officer Web SM Web Scheduling and Movement WETM weather team WEU Western European Union WEZ weapon engagement zone WFP World Food Programme (UN) WG working group WGS Wideband Global Satellite Communications WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 WHNS wartime host-nation support WHO World Health Organization (UN) WIA wounded in action WIF Wales Initiative Fund WIT weapons intelligence team WLG Washington Liaison Group WMD weapons of mass destruction WMD-CST weapons of mass destruction-civil support team WMO World Meteorological Organization WMP Air Force War and Mobilization Plan WOC wing operations center (USAF) WOD wind-over deck WOT war on terrorism WP white phosphorous; working party WPB Coast Guard patrol boat WPR War Powers Resolution WRA Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (DOS); weapons release authority WRAIR Walter Reed Army Institute of Research WRM war reserve materiel Shortened Word Forms 384 WRS war reserve stock WRSA war reserve stocks for allies WS weather squadron WSESRB Weapon System Explosive Safety Review Board WSM waterspace management WSR weapon system reliability WSV weapons system video WT warping tug WTI weapons technical intelligence WWII World War II WWX worldwide express WX weather 385 X XCDS Extracted Container Delivery System XCVR transceiver XMPP extensible messaging and presence protocol XO executive officer Shortened Word Forms 386 Intentionally Blank 387 Y YR year Shortened Word Forms 388 Intentionally Blank 389 Z ZF zone of fire ZULU time zone indicator for Universal Time Shortened Word Forms 390 Intentionally Blank 391 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 1. Supersession a. This document supersedes the DOD Dictionary as of November 2018. The terms and definitions in the DOD Dictionary will be updated, per approval and according to policy, by modification, deletion, or addition, or remain per revalidation, in accordance with DODI 5025.12 and CJCSI 5705.01. b. Shortened word forms (i.e., abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms) in the DOD Dictionary are solely derived from currently approved JP glossaries and not centrally managed by the program for the joint force. As of May 2016, those shortened word forms not currently found in active JPs were removed. c. Record of Updates: January 2019 JP 3-02 and JP 4-04 added. November 2018 JP 3-0 CH 1, JP 3-11, JP 3-28, and JP 4-05 added. October 2018: JP 3-60 added. September 2018: JP 3-22 added. August 2018: JP 3-15.1, JP 3-57, and MCRP 1-10.1 added. June 2018: JP 1-05, JP 3-12, JP 3-24, and JP 3-32 added. April 2018: JP 3-14, JP 3-27, DODI 8260.03, and DODD 3025.18 added. March 2018: JP 3-07.3 added. February 2018: JP 3-33, JP 3-35, and JP 3-59 added. January 2018: JP 4-02, DODD 2310.01E, DODD 3100.10, DODI 8500.01, DODM 6055.09M-V8, CJCSI 3010.02, CJCSI 3180.01, and EO 13526 added. October 2017: JP 2-01.2 added. August 2017: JP 2-01, JP 2-03, and JP 4-01 added. July 2017: JP 4-08 and JP 5-0 added. June 2017: JP 3-18 and JP 3-20 added. May 2017: JP 3-01 added. March 2017: JP 3-13.4 and JP 4-01.6 added. February 2017: JP 3-0 and JP 3-25 added. December 2016: PL 114-92, DODD 2310.01E, DODI 1235.12, DODM 3150.08, CJCSI 5120.02A, and FAR Part 2.1 added. November 2016: JP 3-08 added. September 2016: JP 1-04, JP 3-03, JP 3-07, JP 3-15, JP 3-41, and JP 3-42, DODI 2000.21, DODD 3100.10, DODM 3150.08, and CJCSI 4360.01A added. August 2016: JDPC vote and JSAP J7-A 00201-16 added. June 2016: JP 1-0, DODD 3100.10, DODI 2000.21, DODI 4151.20, and DODM 3150.08 added. May 2016: JP 2-01.2 and CJCSI 4360.01A added. Summary of Changes 392 2. Terms Removed or Replaced as of January 2019 Terms Removed or Replaced Term Action Source Rationale air support control section Replaced JP 3-02 Replaced “air support coordination section” and its definition covering fire Removed JP 3-02 Not used helicopter coordination section Removed JP 3-02 Not used plan for landing Removed JP 3-02 Not used tactical air officer Removed JP 3-02 Not used Figure 1. Terms Removed or Replaced 3. Terms Added or Modified as of January 2019 Terms Added or Modified Term Action Source amphibious breaching Modified JP 3-02 amphibious construction battalion Modified JP 3-02 amphibious objective area Modified JP 3-02 amphibious raid Modified JP 3-02 amphibious ready group Added JP 3-02 amphibious vehicle employment plan Modified JP 3-02 amphibious warfare ship Modified JP 3-02 approach schedule Modified JP 3-02 assault breaching Modified JP 3-02 assault schedule Modified JP 3-02 battalion landing team Modified JP 3-02 beach Modified JP 3-02 beachhead Modified JP 3-02 beach support area Modified JP 3-02 broken stowage factor Modified JP 3-02 colored beach Modified JP 3-02 combat cargo officer Modified JP 3-02 combat unit loading Modified JP 3-02 contingency basing Modified JP 4-04 contingency location Modified JP 4-04 control group Modified JP 3-02 cooperative security location Modified JP 4-04 enduring location Added JP 4-04 flight deck Modified JP 3-02 fly-in echelon Modified JP 3-02 forward operating site Modified JP 4-04 general unloading period Modified JP 3-02 Summary of Changes 393 hazardous cargo Modified JP 3-02 H-hour Modified JP 3-02 horizontal stowage Modified JP 3-02 hydrographic reconnaissance Modified JP 3-02 initial contingency location Added JP 4-04 instrument meteorological conditions Modified JP 3-02 landing area diagram Modified JP 3-02 landing craft Modified JP 3-02 landing force support party Modified JP 3-02 landing plan Modified JP 3-02 L-hour Modified JP 3-02 loading plan Modified JP 3-02 main operating base Modified JP 4-04 mounting Modified JP 3-02 movement phase Modified JP 3-02 naval beach group Modified JP 3-02 Navy cargo-handling battalion Modified JP 3-02 nonscheduled units Modified JP 3-02 numbered beach Modified JP 3-02 organization for combat Modified JP 3-02 organization for embarkation Modified JP 3-02 over-the-horizon amphibious operation Modified JP 3-02 reconstitution Modified JP 3-02 regimental landing team Modified JP 3-02 rehearsal phase Modified JP 3-02 rendezvous area Modified JP 3-02 sea echelon area Modified JP 3-02 sea echelon plan Modified JP 3-02 selective off-loading Modified JP 3-02 semipermanent contingency location Added JP 4-04 serial Modified JP 3-02 serial assignment table Modified JP 3-02 staging area Modified JP 3-02 stowage Modified JP 3-02 subsidiary landing Modified JP 3-02 temporary contingency location Added JP 4-04 transport group Modified JP 3-02 troop space cargo Modified JP 3-02 vertical stowage Modified JP 3-02 wave Modified JP 3-02 Figure 2. Terms Added or Modified Summary of Changes 394 4. Proponency Changes as of January 2019 Proponency Changes Term Previous Source New Source administrative loading JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 boat space JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 broken stowage JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 combat organizational loading JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 combat spread loading JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 commodity loading JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 control area JP 3-04 JP 3-02 convoy JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 debarkation JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 debarkation schedule JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 E-day JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation area JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation element JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation group JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation officer JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation order JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation organization JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation phase JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation team JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 embarkation unit JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 general agency agreement JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels JP 3-04 JP 3-02 hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance JP 3-04 JP 3-02 landing force operational reserve material JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 maritime pre-positioning ships JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 master JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 mounting area JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 Navy support element JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 operational necessity JP 3-04 JP 3-02 secondary loads JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 selective loading JP 3-02.1 JP 3-02 spot JP 3-04 JP 3-02 Figure 3. Proponency Changes Intentionally Blank PREFACE 1. Scope 2. Purpose 3. Application 4. Format 5. DOD Dictionary Online Availability and Update Schedule 6. Terminology Repository for DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense/Joint Staff)Issuances 7. Department of Defense Term and Definition Approach 8. Revision and Distribution 9. Citation TABLE OF CONTENTS EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Updates and Terminology Actions 2. Terminology Categorization (Policy and Joint Doctrine) 3. Terminology Definition Development 4. Shortened Word Forms (Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms) 5. Terminology Repository for Department of Defense (Office of the Secretary ofDefense/Joint Staff) Issuances TERMS AND DEFINITIONS A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z SHORTENED WORD FORMS(ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND INITIALISMS) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z SUMMARY OF CHANGES 1. Supersession 2. Terms Removed or Replaced as of January 2019 3. Terms Added or Modified as of January 2019 4. Proponency Changes as of January 2019