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	"title": "Shared resource",
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	"plain_text": "Shared resource\r\nBy Contributors to Wikimedia projects\r\nPublished: 2006-10-28 · Archived: 2026-04-05 23:02:47 UTC\r\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\r\nIn computing, a shared resource, or network share, is a computer resource made available from one host to\r\nother hosts on a computer network.\r\n[1][2]\r\n It is a device or piece of information on a computer that can be remotely\r\naccessed from another computer transparently as if it were a resource in the local machine. Network sharing is\r\nmade possible by inter-process communication over the network.[2][3]\r\nSome examples of shareable resources are computer programs, data, storage devices, and printers. E.g. shared file\r\naccess (also known as disk sharing and folder sharing), shared printer access, shared scanner access, etc. The\r\nshared resource is called a shared disk, shared folder or shared document\r\nThe term file sharing traditionally means shared file access, especially in the context of operating systems and\r\nLAN and Intranet services, for example in Microsoft Windows documentation.[4] Though, as BitTorrent and\r\nsimilar applications became available in the early 2000s, the term file sharing increasingly has become associated\r\nwith peer-to-peer file sharing over the Internet.\r\nCommon file systems and protocols\r\n[edit]\r\nShared file and printer access require an operating system on the client that supports access to resources on a\r\nserver, an operating system on the server that supports access to its resources from a client, and an application\r\nlayer (in the four or five layer TCP/IP reference model) file sharing protocol and transport layer protocol to\r\nprovide that shared access. Modern operating systems for personal computers include distributed file systems that\r\nsupport file sharing, while hand-held computing devices sometimes require additional software for shared file\r\naccess.\r\nThe most common such file systems and protocols are:\r\nPrimary operating system Application protocol Transport protocol\r\nMac operating systems SMB, Apple Filing Protocol[5]\r\nTCP,\r\nUDP or\r\nAppleTalk\r\nUnix-like systems Network File System (NFS), SMB\r\nTCP or\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource\r\nPage 1 of 5\n\nUDP\r\nMS-DOS, Windows SMB, also known as CIFS\r\nTCP,\r\nNBT (includes UDP),\r\nNBF, or\r\nother NetBIOS transports\r\nNovell NetWare (server)\r\nMS-DOS, Windows (client)\r\nNCP and\r\nSAP\r\nSPX (over IPX), or\r\nTCP\r\nThe \"primary operating system\" is the operating system on which the file sharing protocol in question is most\r\ncommonly used.\r\nOn Microsoft Windows, a network share is provided by the Windows network component \"File and Printer\r\nSharing for Microsoft Networks\", using Microsoft's SMB (Server Message Block) protocol. Other operating\r\nsystems might also implement that protocol; for example, Samba is an SMB server running on Unix-like operating\r\nsystems and some other non-MS-DOS/non-Windows operating systems such as OpenVMS. Samba can be used to\r\ncreate network shares which can be accessed, using SMB, from computers running Microsoft Windows. An\r\nalternative approach is a shared disk file system, where each computer has access to the \"native\" filesystem on a\r\nshared disk drive.\r\nShared resource access can also be implemented with Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning\r\n(WebDAV).\r\nNaming convention and mapping\r\n[edit]\r\nThe share can be accessed by client computers through some naming convention, such as UNC (Universal\r\nNaming Convention) used on DOS and Windows PC computers. This implies that a network share can be\r\naddressed according to the following:\r\n\\\\ServerComputerName\\ShareName\r\nwhere ServerComputerName is the WINS name, DNS name or IP address of the server computer, and ShareName\r\nmay be a folder or file name, or its path. The shared folder can also be given a ShareName that is different from\r\nthe folder local name at the server side. For example, \\\\ServerComputerName\\c$ usually denotes a drive with\r\ndrive letter C: on a Windows machine.\r\nA shared drive or folder is often mapped at the client PC computer, meaning that it is assigned a drive letter on the\r\nlocal PC computer. For example, the drive letter H: is typically used for the user home directory on a central file\r\nserver.\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource\r\nPage 2 of 5\n\nA network share can become a security liability when access to the shared files is gained (often by devious means)\r\nby those who should not have access to them. Many computer worms have spread through network shares.\r\nNetwork shares would consume extensive communication capacity in non-broadband network access. Because of\r\nthat, shared printer and file access is normally prohibited in firewalls from computers outside the local area\r\nnetwork or enterprise Intranet. However, by means of virtual private networks (VPN), shared resources can\r\nsecurely be made available for certified users outside the local network.\r\nA network share is typically made accessible to other users by marking any folder or file as shared, or by changing\r\nthe file system permissions or access rights in the properties of the folder. For example, a file or folder may be\r\naccessible only to one user (the owner), to system administrators, to a certain group of users to public, i.e. to all\r\nlogged in users. The exact procedure varies by platform.\r\nIn operating system editions for homes and small offices, there may be a special pre-shared folder that is\r\naccessible to all users with a user account and password on the local computer. Network access to the pre-shared\r\nfolder can be turned on. In the English version of the Windows XP Home Edition operating system, the preshared\r\nfolder is named Shared documents, typically with the path C:\\Documents and Settings\\All users\\Shared\r\ndocuments. In Windows Vista and Windows 7, the pre-shared folder is named Public documents, typically with\r\nthe path C:\\Users\\Public\\Public documents.\r\n[6]\r\nWorkgroup topology or centralized server\r\n[edit]\r\nIn home and small office networks, a decentralized approach is often used, where every user may make their local\r\nfolders and printers available to others. This approach is sometimes denoted a Workgroup or peer-to-peer network\r\ntopology, since the same computer may be used as client as well as server.\r\nIn large enterprise networks, a centralized file server or print server, sometimes denoted client–server paradigm, is\r\ntypically used. A client process on the local user computer takes the initiative to start the communication, while a\r\nserver process on the file server or print server remote computer passively waits for requests to start a\r\ncommunication session\r\nIn very large networks, a Storage Area Network (SAN) approach may be used.\r\nOnline storage on a server outside the local network is currently an option, especially for homes and small office\r\nnetworks.\r\nComparison to file transfer\r\n[edit]\r\nShared file access should not be confused with file transfer using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), or the\r\nBluetooth IRDA OBject EXchange (OBEX) protocol. Shared access involves automatic synchronization of folder\r\ninformation whenever a folder is changed on the server, and may provide server side file searching, while file\r\ntransfer is a more rudimentary service.[7]\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource\r\nPage 3 of 5\n\nShared file access is normally considered as a local area network (LAN) service, while FTP is an Internet service.\r\nShared file access is transparent to the user, as if it was a resource in the local file system, and supports a multi-user environment. This includes concurrency control or locking of a remote file while a user is editing it, and file\r\nsystem permissions.\r\nComparison to file synchronization\r\n[edit]\r\nShared file access involves but should not be confused with file synchronization and other information\r\nsynchronization. Internet-based information synchronization may, for example, use the SyncML language. Shared\r\nfile access is based on server-side pushing of folder information, and is normally used over an \"always on\"\r\nInternet socket. File synchronization allows the user to be offline from time to time and is normally based on an\r\nagent software that polls synchronized machines at reconnect, and sometimes repeatedly with a certain time\r\ninterval, to discover differences. Modern operating systems often include a local cache of remote files, allowing\r\noffline access and synchronization when reconnected.\r\nThe first international heterogenous network for resource sharing was the 1973 interconnection of the ARPANET\r\nwith early British academic networks through the computer science department at University College London\r\n(UCL).[8][9][10]\r\nClient portals\r\nDistributed file systems\r\nInternetworking\r\nNetwork-attached storage (NAS)\r\nResource contention\r\nTime-sharing\r\nTragedy of the commons, the economic theory of a shared-resource system where individuals behave\r\ncontrary to the common good\r\nVirtual private network\r\nWeb literacy, includes sharing via web technology\r\nWebsite\r\n1. ^ Padlipsky, Michael A. (September 1982). A Perspective on the ARPANET Reference Model. IETF.\r\ndoi:10.17487/RFC0871. RFC 871. Retrieved 15 December 2013.\r\n2. ^ Jump up to: a\r\n \r\nb\r\n Walden, David C. (July 1970). A Note on Interprocess in a Resource Sharing Computer\r\nNetwork. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0061. RFC 61. Retrieved 15 December 2013.\r\n3. ^ Walden, David C. (August 1970). A System for Interprocess Communication in a Resource Sharing\r\nComputer Network. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0062. RFC 62. Retrieved 15 December 2013.\r\n4. ^ Microsoft Technet, File and Printer Sharing in Windows Vista, May 14, 2007\r\n5. ^ \"Apple shifts from AFP file sharing to SMB2 in OS X 10.9 Mavericks\". AppleInsider. Quiller Media, Inc.\r\n11 June 2013.\r\n6. ^ Katy Ivens, Networking for dummies, 4th edition, 2007, page 121. Suggest the term \"pre-shared folder\".\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource\r\nPage 4 of 5\n\n7. ^ Share Files across Cloud Storage.\r\n8. ^ M. Ziewitz \u0026 I. Brown (2013). Research Handbook on Governance of the Internet. Edward Elgar\r\nPublishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-1849805049. Retrieved 2015-08-16.\r\n9. ^ Kirstein, P.T. (1999). \"Early experiences with the Arpanet and Internet in the United Kingdom\" (PDF).\r\nIEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 21 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1109/85.759368. ISSN 1934-1547.\r\nS2CID 1558618. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-07.\r\n10. ^ \"30 years of the international internet\". BBC News. 19 November 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2012.\r\nGraves, Michael W. (2004). The Complete Guide to Networking And Network +. Cengage Learning.\r\nISBN 978-1-4018-3339-8.\r\nMeyers, Michael; Jernigan, Scott (2004). Mike Meyers' A+ Guide to Operating Systems. McGraw-Hill\r\nProfessional. ISBN 978-0-07-223124-3.\r\nPirkola, G. C. (June 1975). \"A file system for a general-purpose time-sharing environment\". Proceedings\r\nof the IEEE. 63 (6): 918–924. doi:10.1109/PROC.1975.9856. ISSN 0018-9219.\r\nPirkola, G. C.; Sanguinetti, John. \"The Protection of Information in a General Purpose Time-Sharing\r\nEnvironment\" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Trends and Applications 1977: Computer\r\nSecurity and Integrity. Vol. 10. pp. 106–114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-01.\r\nSource: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource\r\nPage 5 of 5",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"MITRE"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"Shared_resource"
	],
	"threat_actors": [],
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