{
	"id": "bb66aa6e-7fc8-4ac2-a3f9-477f5009a346",
	"created_at": "2026-04-06T00:11:30.333615Z",
	"updated_at": "2026-04-10T13:12:53.348826Z",
	"deleted_at": null,
	"sha1_hash": "8b5a4a3a278825543af9cbd88a5de1a2b69c8bf9",
	"title": "GoldMax (Malware Family)",
	"llm_title": "",
	"authors": "",
	"file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_size": 65174,
	"plain_text": "GoldMax (Malware Family)\r\nBy Fraunhofer FKIE\r\nArchived: 2026-04-05 16:16:44 UTC\r\nGoldMax\r\naka: SUNSHUTTLE\r\nActor(s): UNC2452\r\nGold Max is a Golang written command and control backdoor used by the NOBELIUM threat actor group. It uses\r\nseveral different techniques to obfuscate its actions and evade detection. The malware writes an encrypted\r\nconfiguration file to disk, where the file name and AES-256 cipher keys are unique per implant and based on\r\nenvironmental variables and information about the network where it is running.\r\nReferences\r\n2023-08-30 ⋅ Kaspersky Labs ⋅\r\nIT threat evolution in Q2 2023\r\n3CX Backdoor Bankshot BLINDINGCAN GoldMax Kazuar QUIETCANARY tomiris GoldenJackal\r\n2023-05-19 ⋅ YouTube (NorthSec) ⋅ Ivan Kwiatkowski\r\nGo reverse-engineering workshop\r\nGoldMax\r\n2023-04-24 ⋅ Kaspersky Labs ⋅ Ivan Kwiatkowski, Pierre Delcher\r\nTomiris called, they want their Turla malware back\r\nKopiLuwak Andromeda Ave Maria GoldMax JLORAT Kazuar Meterpreter QUIETCANARY RATel Roopy\r\nTelemiris tomiris Topinambour Storm-0473\r\n2022-04-20 ⋅ CISA ⋅ Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), CISA, FBI,\r\nGovernment Communications Security Bureau, National Crime Agency (NCA), NCSC UK, NSA\r\nAA22-110A Joint CSA: Russian State-Sponsored and Criminal Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure\r\nVPNFilter BlackEnergy DanaBot DoppelDridex Emotet EternalPetya GoldMax Industroyer Sality\r\nSmokeLoader TrickBot Triton Zloader\r\n2022-04-20 ⋅ CISA ⋅ CISA\r\nAlert (AA22-110A): Russian State-Sponsored and Criminal Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure\r\nVPNFilter BlackEnergy DanaBot DoppelDridex Emotet EternalPetya GoldMax Industroyer Sality\r\nSmokeLoader TrickBot Triton Zloader Killnet\r\nhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.goldmax\r\nPage 1 of 2\n\n2022-01-27 ⋅ CrowdStrike ⋅ CrowdStrike Intelligence Team\r\nEarly Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign\r\nGoldMax\r\n2021-10-27 ⋅ Kaspersky ⋅ Ivan Kwiatkowski\r\nExtracting type information from Go binaries\r\nGoldMax\r\n2021-10-26 ⋅ Kaspersky ⋅ Kaspersky Lab ICS CERT\r\nAPT attacks on industrial organizations in H1 2021\r\n8.t Dropper AllaKore AsyncRAT GoldMax LimeRAT NjRAT NoxPlayer Raindrop ReverseRAT ShadowPad\r\nZebrocy\r\n2021-06-01 ⋅ Cisco ⋅ Josh Pyorre\r\nBackdoors, RATs, Loaders evasion techniques\r\nBazarNimrod GoldMax Oblique RAT\r\n2021-04-15 ⋅ CISA ⋅ US-CERT\r\nMalware Analysis Report (AR21-105A): SUNSHUTTLE\r\nGoldMax\r\n2021-03-08 ⋅ x0r19x91.gitlab.io ⋅ Suvaditya Sur\r\nSunshuttle Malware\r\nGoldMax\r\n2021-03-04 ⋅ Microsoft ⋅ Andrea Lelli, Ramin Nafisi\r\nGoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence\r\nGoldMax\r\nThere is no Yara-Signature yet.\r\nSource: https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.goldmax\r\nhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.goldmax\r\nPage 2 of 2",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"ETDA"
	],
	"origins": [
		"web"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.goldmax"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"win.goldmax"
	],
	"threat_actors": [
		{
			"id": "8aaa5515-92dd-448d-bb20-3a253f4f8854",
			"created_at": "2024-06-19T02:03:08.147099Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.685355Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON HUNTER",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK13 ",
				"Belugasturgeon ",
				"Blue Python ",
				"CTG-8875 ",
				"ITG12 ",
				"KRYPTON ",
				"MAKERSMARK ",
				"Pensive Ursa ",
				"Secret Blizzard ",
				"Turla",
				"UAC-0003 ",
				"UAC-0024 ",
				"UNC4210 ",
				"Venomous Bear ",
				"Waterbug "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON HUNTER",
			"tools": [
				"Carbon-DLL",
				"ComRAT",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Mosquito",
				"PyFlash",
				"Skipper",
				"Snake",
				"Tavdig"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a8356cf9-e9d6-4585-8ccf-d30d3efe142b",
			"created_at": "2023-06-23T02:04:34.262059Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.711064Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "GoldenJackal",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "ETDA:GoldenJackal",
			"tools": [
				"JackalControl",
				"JackalPerInfo",
				"JackalScreenWatcher",
				"JackalSteal",
				"JackalWorm"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
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			"id": "493c47f7-b265-4b10-95de-d86af942c543",
			"created_at": "2023-04-27T02:04:45.385041Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.939878Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Tomiris",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Tomiris",
			"tools": [
				"JLOGRAB",
				"JLORAT",
				"Kapushka",
				"KopiLuwak",
				"Meterpreter",
				"QUIETCANARY",
				"RATel",
				"RocketMan",
				"Roopy",
				"Telemiris",
				"Tomiris",
				"Topinambour",
				"Tunnus",
				"Warzone",
				"Warzone RAT"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
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			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.36191Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.954902Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "UNC2452",
			"aliases": [
				"Dark Halo",
				"Nobelium",
				"SolarStorm",
				"StellarParticle",
				"UNC2452"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:UNC2452",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "1d3f9dec-b033-48a5-8b1e-f67a29429e89",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.739197Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.275809Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "UNC2452",
			"aliases": [
				"UNC2452",
				"NOBELIUM",
				"StellarParticle",
				"Dark Halo"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:UNC2452",
			"tools": [
				"Sibot",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"AdFind",
				"GoldMax"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "5b748f86-ac32-4715-be9f-6cf25ae48a4e",
			"created_at": "2024-06-04T02:03:07.956135Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.689959Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON HEMLOCK",
			"aliases": [
				"APT29 ",
				"ATK7 ",
				"Blue Kitsune ",
				"Cozy Bear ",
				"The Dukes",
				"UNC2452 ",
				"YTTRIUM "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON HEMLOCK",
			"tools": [
				"CosmicDuke",
				"CozyCar",
				"CozyDuke",
				"DiefenDuke",
				"FatDuke",
				"HAMMERTOSS",
				"LiteDuke",
				"MiniDuke",
				"OnionDuke",
				"PolyglotDuke",
				"RegDuke",
				"RegDuke Loader",
				"SeaDuke",
				"Sliver"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
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		},
		{
			"id": "a241a1ca-2bc9-450b-a07b-aae747ee2710",
			"created_at": "2024-06-19T02:03:08.150052Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.737173Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON RITUAL",
			"aliases": [
				"APT29",
				"Blue Dev 5 ",
				"BlueBravo ",
				"Cloaked Ursa ",
				"CozyLarch ",
				"Dark Halo ",
				"Midnight Blizzard ",
				"NOBELIUM ",
				"StellarParticle ",
				"UNC2452 "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON RITUAL",
			"tools": [
				"Brute Ratel C4",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"EnvyScout",
				"GoldFinder",
				"GoldMax",
				"NativeZone",
				"RAINDROP",
				"SUNBURST",
				"Sibot",
				"TEARDROP",
				"VaporRage"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a97cf06d-c2e2-4771-99a2-c9dee0d6a0ac",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.349252Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.949821Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"ATK 13",
				"Belugasturgeon",
				"Blue Python",
				"CTG-8875",
				"G0010",
				"Group 88",
				"ITG12",
				"Iron Hunter",
				"Krypton",
				"Makersmark",
				"Operation Epic Turla",
				"Operation Moonlight Maze",
				"Operation Penguin Turla",
				"Operation Satellite Turla",
				"Operation Skipper Turla",
				"Operation Turla Mosquito",
				"Operation WITCHCOVEN",
				"Pacifier APT",
				"Pensive Ursa",
				"Popeye",
				"SIG15",
				"SIG2",
				"SIG23",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"TAG-0530",
				"Turla",
				"UNC4210",
				"Venomous Bear",
				"Waterbug"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:Turla",
			"tools": [
				"ASPXSpy",
				"ASPXTool",
				"ATI-Agent",
				"AdobeARM",
				"Agent.BTZ",
				"Agent.DNE",
				"ApolloShadow",
				"BigBoss",
				"COMpfun",
				"Chinch",
				"Cloud Duke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cobra Carbon System",
				"ComRAT",
				"DoublePulsar",
				"EmPyre",
				"EmpireProject",
				"Epic Turla",
				"EternalBlue",
				"EternalRomance",
				"GoldenSky",
				"Group Policy Results Tool",
				"HTML5 Encoding",
				"HyperStack",
				"IcedCoffee",
				"IronNetInjector",
				"KSL0T",
				"Kapushka",
				"Kazuar",
				"KopiLuwak",
				"Kotel",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Living off the Land",
				"Maintools.js",
				"Metasploit",
				"Meterpreter",
				"MiamiBeach",
				"Mimikatz",
				"MiniDionis",
				"Minit",
				"NBTscan",
				"NETTRANS",
				"NETVulture",
				"Neptun",
				"NetFlash",
				"NewPass",
				"Outlook Backdoor",
				"Penquin Turla",
				"Pfinet",
				"PowerShell Empire",
				"PowerShellRunner",
				"PowerShellRunner-based RPC backdoor",
				"PowerStallion",
				"PsExec",
				"PyFlash",
				"QUIETCANARY",
				"Reductor RAT",
				"RocketMan",
				"SMBTouch",
				"SScan",
				"Satellite Turla",
				"SilentMoon",
				"Sun rootkit",
				"TTNG",
				"TadjMakhal",
				"Tavdig",
				"TinyTurla",
				"TinyTurla Next Generation",
				"TinyTurla-NG",
				"Topinambour",
				"Tunnus",
				"Turla",
				"Turla SilentMoon",
				"TurlaChopper",
				"Uroburos",
				"Urouros",
				"WCE",
				"WITCHCOVEN",
				"WhiteAtlas",
				"WhiteBear",
				"Windows Credential Editor",
				"Windows Credentials Editor",
				"Wipbot",
				"WorldCupSec",
				"XTRANS",
				"certutil",
				"certutil.exe",
				"gpresult",
				"nbtscan",
				"nbtstat",
				"pwdump"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
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		},
		{
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			"created_at": "2023-11-04T02:00:07.680044Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.390891Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "GoldenJackal",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:GoldenJackal",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "496581d1-3674-4e00-bad1-59b8b764bd21",
			"created_at": "2025-01-27T02:00:02.938071Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.57364Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Storm-0473",
			"aliases": [
				"UNC2849"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Storm-0473",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
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		},
		{
			"id": "b4a6d558-3cba-499c-b58a-f15d65b7a604",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.346924Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.295317Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Killnet",
			"aliases": [],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Killnet",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "46b3c0fc-fa0c-4d63-a38a-b33a524561fb",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.393409Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.955738Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT29",
			"aliases": [
				"Cloaked Ursa",
				"TA421",
				"Blue Kitsune",
				"BlueBravo",
				"IRON HEMLOCK",
				"G0016",
				"Nobelium",
				"Group 100",
				"YTTRIUM",
				"Grizzly Steppe",
				"ATK7",
				"ITG11",
				"COZY BEAR",
				"The Dukes",
				"Minidionis",
				"UAC-0029",
				"SeaDuke"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:APT29",
			"tools": [
				"SNOWYAMBER",
				"HALFRIG",
				"QUARTERRIG"
			],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "a97fee0d-af4b-4661-ae17-858925438fc4",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.396415Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.957137Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"TAG_0530",
				"Pacifier APT",
				"Blue Python",
				"UNC4210",
				"UAC-0003",
				"VENOMOUS Bear",
				"Waterbug",
				"Pfinet",
				"KRYPTON",
				"Popeye",
				"SIG23",
				"ATK13",
				"ITG12",
				"Group 88",
				"Uroburos",
				"Hippo Team",
				"IRON HUNTER",
				"MAKERSMARK",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"UAC-0144",
				"UAC-0024",
				"G0010"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Turla",
			"tools": [],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "d11c89bb-1640-45fa-8322-6f4e4053d7f3",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.509601Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.277674Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "Turla",
			"aliases": [
				"Turla",
				"IRON HUNTER",
				"Group 88",
				"Waterbug",
				"WhiteBear",
				"Krypton",
				"Venomous Bear",
				"Secret Blizzard",
				"BELUGASTURGEON"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:Turla",
			"tools": [
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				"nbtstat",
				"ComRAT",
				"netstat",
				"certutil",
				"KOPILUWAK",
				"IronNetInjector",
				"LunarWeb",
				"Arp",
				"Uroburos",
				"PowerStallion",
				"Kazuar",
				"Systeminfo",
				"LightNeuron",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Tasklist",
				"LunarMail",
				"HyperStack",
				"NBTscan",
				"TinyTurla",
				"Penquin",
				"LunarLoader"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "70872c3a-e788-4b55-a7d6-b2df52001ad0",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:39.18401Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.239111Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "UNC2452",
			"aliases": [
				"DarkHalo",
				"StellarParticle",
				"NOBELIUM",
				"Solar Phoenix",
				"Midnight Blizzard"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:UNC2452",
			"tools": [
				"SNOWYAMBER",
				"HALFRIG",
				"QUARTERRIG"
			],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "20d3a08a-3b97-4b2f-90b8-92a89089a57a",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.548494Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.292748Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT29",
			"aliases": [
				"APT29",
				"IRON RITUAL",
				"IRON HEMLOCK",
				"NobleBaron",
				"Dark Halo",
				"NOBELIUM",
				"UNC2452",
				"YTTRIUM",
				"The Dukes",
				"Cozy Bear",
				"CozyDuke",
				"SolarStorm",
				"Blue Kitsune",
				"UNC3524",
				"Midnight Blizzard"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:APT29",
			"tools": [
				"PinchDuke",
				"ROADTools",
				"WellMail",
				"CozyCar",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Tasklist",
				"OnionDuke",
				"FatDuke",
				"POSHSPY",
				"EnvyScout",
				"SoreFang",
				"GeminiDuke",
				"reGeorg",
				"GoldMax",
				"FoggyWeb",
				"SDelete",
				"PolyglotDuke",
				"AADInternals",
				"MiniDuke",
				"SeaDuke",
				"Sibot",
				"RegDuke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"GoldFinder",
				"AdFind",
				"PsExec",
				"NativeZone",
				"Systeminfo",
				"ipconfig",
				"Impacket",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"PowerDuke",
				"QUIETEXIT",
				"HAMMERTOSS",
				"BoomBox",
				"CosmicDuke",
				"WellMess",
				"VaporRage",
				"LiteDuke"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "f27790ff-4ee0-40a5-9c84-2b523a9d3270",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.341684Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.549917Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT 29",
			"aliases": [
				"APT 29",
				"ATK 7",
				"Blue Dev 5",
				"BlueBravo",
				"Cloaked Ursa",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cozy Bear",
				"Dark Halo",
				"Earth Koshchei",
				"G0016",
				"Grizzly Steppe",
				"Group 100",
				"ITG11",
				"Iron Hemlock",
				"Iron Ritual",
				"Midnight Blizzard",
				"Minidionis",
				"Nobelium",
				"NobleBaron",
				"Operation Ghost",
				"Operation Office monkeys",
				"Operation StellarParticle",
				"SilverFish",
				"Solar Phoenix",
				"SolarStorm",
				"StellarParticle",
				"TEMP.Monkeys",
				"The Dukes",
				"UNC2452",
				"UNC3524",
				"Yttrium"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:APT 29",
			"tools": [
				"7-Zip",
				"ATI-Agent",
				"AdFind",
				"Agentemis",
				"AtNow",
				"BEATDROP",
				"BotgenStudios",
				"CEELOADER",
				"Cloud Duke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"CobaltStrike",
				"CosmicDuke",
				"Cozer",
				"CozyBear",
				"CozyCar",
				"CozyDuke",
				"Danfuan",
				"EnvyScout",
				"EuroAPT",
				"FatDuke",
				"FoggyWeb",
				"GeminiDuke",
				"Geppei",
				"GoldFinder",
				"GoldMax",
				"GraphDrop",
				"GraphicalNeutrino",
				"GraphicalProton",
				"HAMMERTOSS",
				"HammerDuke",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"LiteDuke",
				"Living off the Land",
				"MagicWeb",
				"Mimikatz",
				"MiniDionis",
				"MiniDuke",
				"NemesisGemina",
				"NetDuke",
				"OnionDuke",
				"POSHSPY",
				"PinchDuke",
				"PolyglotDuke",
				"PowerDuke",
				"QUIETEXIT",
				"ROOTSAW",
				"RegDuke",
				"Rubeus",
				"SNOWYAMBER",
				"SPICYBEAT",
				"SUNSHUTTLE",
				"SeaDaddy",
				"SeaDask",
				"SeaDesk",
				"SeaDuke",
				"Sharp-SMBExec",
				"SharpView",
				"Sibot",
				"Solorigate",
				"SoreFang",
				"TinyBaron",
				"WINELOADER",
				"WellMail",
				"WellMess",
				"cobeacon",
				"elf.wellmess",
				"reGeorg",
				"tDiscoverer"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		}
	],
	"ts_created_at": 1775434290,
	"ts_updated_at": 1775826773,
	"ts_creation_date": 0,
	"ts_modification_date": 0,
	"files": {
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}