{ "id": "605164be-da6c-475f-8d88-df392785b962", "created_at": "2026-04-06T00:18:42.902919Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T13:11:39.240801Z", "deleted_at": null, "sha1_hash": "66fff9467ed5ca0b33626239c7e4ee5710eb63f8", "title": "Threat Group Cards: A Threat Actor Encyclopedia", "llm_title": "", "authors": "", "file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_size": 52192, "plain_text": "Threat Group Cards: A Threat Actor Encyclopedia\r\nArchived: 2026-04-05 21:34:22 UTC\r\nHome \u003e List all groups \u003e Operation PseudoManuscrypt\r\n APT group: Operation PseudoManuscrypt\r\nNames Operation PseudoManuscrypt (Kaspersky)\r\nCountry China\r\nMotivation Information theft and espionage\r\nFirst seen 2021\r\nDescription\r\n(Kaspersky) In June 2021, Kaspersky ICS CERT experts identified malware whose loader has\r\nsome similarities to the Manuscrypt malware, which is part of the Lazarus Group, Hidden\r\nCobra, Labyrinth Chollima APT group’s arsenal. In 2020, the group used Manuscrypt in\r\nattacks on defense enterprises in different countries. These attacks are described in the report\r\n“Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle”.\r\nCuriously, the data exfiltration channel of the malware uses an implementation of the KCP\r\nprotocol that has previously been seen in the wild only as part of the APT 41 group’s toolset.\r\nWe dubbed the newly-identified malware PseudoManuscrypt.\r\nThe PseudoManuscrypt loader makes its way onto user systems via a MaaS platform that\r\ndistributes malware in pirated software installer archives. One specific case of the\r\nPseudoManuscrypt downloader’s distribution is its installation via the Glupteba botnet (whose\r\nmain installer is also distributed via the pirated software installer distribution platform). This\r\nmeans that the malware distribution tactics used by the threat actor behind PseudoManuscrypt\r\ndemonstrate no particular targeting.\r\nDuring the period from January 20 to November 10, 2021, Kaspersky products blocked\r\nPseudoManuscrypt on more than 35,000 computers in 195 countries of the world. Such a large\r\nnumber of attacked systems is not characteristic of the Lazarus group or APT attacks as a\r\nwhole.\r\nTargets of PseudoManuscrypt attacks include a significant number of industrial and\r\ngovernment organizations, including enterprises in the military-industrial complex and\r\nresearch laboratories.\r\nhttps://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/showcard.cgi?u=befea48a-5cb4-4715-a68b-5bb7d6370f5b\r\nPage 1 of 2\n\nObserved\nSectors: Construction, Defense, Energy, Engineering, Government, Industrial, Manufacturing,\nUtilities.\nCountries: Worldwide.\nTools used PseudoManuscrypt.\nInformation\nLast change to this card: 27 December 2021\nDownload this actor card in PDF or JSON format\nSource: https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/showcard.cgi?u=befea48a-5cb4-4715-a68b-5bb7d6370f5b\nhttps://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/showcard.cgi?u=befea48a-5cb4-4715-a68b-5bb7d6370f5b\nPage 2 of 2", "extraction_quality": 1, "language": "EN", "sources": [ "ETDA" ], "origins": [ "web" ], "references": [ "https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/showcard.cgi?u=befea48a-5cb4-4715-a68b-5bb7d6370f5b" ], "report_names": [ "showcard.cgi?u=befea48a-5cb4-4715-a68b-5bb7d6370f5b" ], "threat_actors": [ { "id": "34eea331-d052-4096-ae03-a22f1d090bd4", "created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:25.073494Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.709243Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "NICKEL ACADEMY", "aliases": [ "ATK3 ", "Black Artemis ", "COVELLITE ", "CTG-2460 ", "Citrine Sleet ", "Diamond Sleet ", "Guardians of Peace", "HIDDEN COBRA ", "High Anonymous", "Labyrinth Chollima ", "Lazarus Group ", "NNPT Group", "New Romanic Cyber Army Team", "Temp.Hermit ", "UNC577 ", "Who Am I?", "Whois Team", "ZINC " ], "source_name": "Secureworks:NICKEL ACADEMY", "tools": [ "Destover", "KorHigh", "Volgmer" ], "source_id": "Secureworks", "reports": null }, { "id": "c7d9878a-e691-4c6f-81ae-84fb115a1345", "created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.359506Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.556639Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "APT 41", "aliases": [ "BrazenBamboo", "Bronze Atlas", "Double Dragon", "Earth Baku", "G0096", "Grayfly", "Operation ColunmTK", "Operation CuckooBees", "Operation ShadowHammer", "Red Kelpie", "SparklingGoblin", "TA415", "TG-2633" ], "source_name": "ETDA:APT 41", "tools": [ "9002 RAT", "ADORE.XSEC", "ASPXSpy", "ASPXTool", "AceHash", "Agent.dhwf", "Agentemis", "AndroidControl", "AngryRebel", "AntSword", "BLUEBEAM", "Barlaiy", "BlackCoffee", "Bladabindi", "BleDoor", "CCleaner Backdoor", "CHINACHOPPER", "COLDJAVA", "China Chopper", "ChyNode", "Cobalt Strike", "CobaltStrike", "Crackshot", "CrossWalk", "CurveLast", "CurveLoad", "DAYJOB", "DBoxAgent", "DEADEYE", "DEADEYE.APPEND", "DEADEYE.EMBED", "DEPLOYLOG", "DIRTCLEANER", "DUSTTRAP", "Derusbi", "Destroy RAT", "DestroyRAT", "DodgeBox", "DragonEgg", "ELFSHELF", "EasyNight", "Farfli", "FunnySwitch", "Gh0st RAT", "Ghost RAT", "HDD Rootkit", "HDRoot", "HKDOOR", "HOMEUNIX", "HUI Loader", "HidraQ", "HighNoon", "HighNote", "Homux", "Hydraq", "Jorik", "Jumpall", "KEYPLUG", "Kaba", "Korplug", "LATELUNCH", "LOLBAS", "LOLBins", "LightSpy", "Living off the Land", "Lowkey", "McRAT", "MdmBot", "MessageTap", "Meterpreter", "Mimikatz", "MoonBounce", "MoonWalk", "Motnug", "Moudour", "Mydoor", "NTDSDump", "PACMAN", "PCRat", "PINEGROVE", "PNGRAT", "POISONPLUG", "POISONPLUG.SHADOW", "POTROAST", "PRIVATELOG", "PipeMon", "PlugX", "PortReuse", "ProxIP", "ROCKBOOT", "RbDoor", "RedDelta", "RedXOR", "RibDoor", "Roarur", "RouterGod", "SAGEHIRE", "SPARKLOG", "SQLULDR2", "STASHLOG", "SWEETCANDLE", "ScrambleCross", "Sensocode", "SerialVlogger", "ShadowHammer", "ShadowPad Winnti", "SinoChopper", "Skip-2.0", "SneakCross", "Sogu", "Speculoos", "Spyder", "StealthReacher", "StealthVector", "TERA", "TIDYELF", "TIGERPLUG", "TOMMYGUN", "TVT", "Thoper", "Voldemort", "WIDETONE", "WINNKIT", "WINTERLOVE", "Winnti", "WyrmSpy", "X-Door", "XDOOR", "XMRig", "XShellGhost", "Xamtrav", "ZXShell", "ZoxPNG", "certutil", "certutil.exe", "cobeacon", "gresim", "njRAT", "pwdump", "xDll" ], "source_id": "ETDA", "reports": null }, { "id": "fdb56a20-0dc9-4cb4-9388-ae117daa595f", "created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.993878Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.825976Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Operation PseudoManuscrypt", "aliases": [], "source_name": "ETDA:Operation PseudoManuscrypt", "tools": [ "PseudoManuscrypt" ], "source_id": "ETDA", "reports": null }, { "id": "732597b1-40a8-474c-88cc-eb8a421c29f1", "created_at": "2025-08-07T02:03:25.087732Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.776007Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "NICKEL GLADSTONE", "aliases": [ "APT38 ", "ATK 117 ", "Alluring Pisces ", "Black Alicanto ", "Bluenoroff ", "CTG-6459 ", "Citrine Sleet ", "HIDDEN COBRA ", "Lazarus Group", "Sapphire Sleet ", "Selective Pisces ", "Stardust Chollima ", "T-APT-15 ", "TA444 ", "TAG-71 " ], "source_name": "Secureworks:NICKEL GLADSTONE", "tools": [ "AlphaNC", "Bankshot", "CCGC_Proxy", "Ratankba", "RustBucket", "SUGARLOADER", "SwiftLoader", "Wcry" ], "source_id": "Secureworks", "reports": null }, { "id": "a2b92056-9378-4749-926b-7e10c4500dac", "created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.430595Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.971571Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Lazarus Group", "aliases": [ "Operation DarkSeoul", "Bureau 121", "Group 77", "APT38", "NICKEL GLADSTONE", "G0082", "COPERNICIUM", "Moonstone Sleet", "Operation GhostSecret", "APT 38", "Appleworm", "Unit 121", "ATK3", "G0032", "ATK117", "NewRomanic Cyber Army Team", "Nickel Academy", "Sapphire Sleet", "Lazarus group", "Hastati Group", "Subgroup: Bluenoroff", "Operation Troy", "Black Artemis", "Dark Seoul", "Andariel", "Labyrinth Chollima", "Operation AppleJeus", "COVELLITE", "Citrine Sleet", "DEV-0139", "DEV-1222", "Hidden Cobra", "Bluenoroff", "Stardust Chollima", "Whois Hacking Team", "Diamond Sleet", "TA404", "BeagleBoyz", "APT-C-26" ], "source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Lazarus Group", "tools": [], "source_id": "MISPGALAXY", "reports": null }, { "id": "32a223a8-3c79-4146-87c5-8557d38662ae", "created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.703698Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.261989Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Lazarus Group", "aliases": [ "Lazarus Group", "Labyrinth Chollima", "HIDDEN COBRA", "Guardians of Peace", "NICKEL ACADEMY", "Diamond Sleet" ], "source_name": "MITRE:Lazarus Group", "tools": [ "RawDisk", "Proxysvc", "BADCALL", "FALLCHILL", "WannaCry", "MagicRAT", "HOPLIGHT", "TYPEFRAME", "Dtrack", "HotCroissant", "HARDRAIN", "Dacls", "KEYMARBLE", "TAINTEDSCRIBE", "AuditCred", "netsh", "ECCENTRICBANDWAGON", "AppleJeus", "BLINDINGCAN", "ThreatNeedle", "Volgmer", "Cryptoistic", "RATANKBA", "Bankshot" ], "source_id": "MITRE", "reports": null }, { "id": "f32df445-9fb4-4234-99e0-3561f6498e4e", "created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.756373Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.739611Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Lazarus Group", "aliases": [ "APT-C-26", "ATK 3", "Appleworm", "Citrine Sleet", "DEV-0139", "Diamond Sleet", "G0032", "Gleaming Pisces", "Gods Apostles", "Gods Disciples", "Group 77", "Guardians of Peace", "Hastati Group", "Hidden Cobra", "ITG03", "Jade Sleet", "Labyrinth Chollima", "Lazarus Group", "NewRomanic Cyber Army Team", "Operation 99", "Operation AppleJeus", "Operation AppleJeus sequel", "Operation Blockbuster: Breach of Sony Pictures Entertainment", "Operation CryptoCore", "Operation Dream Job", "Operation Dream Magic", "Operation Flame", "Operation GhostSecret", "Operation In(ter)caption", "Operation LolZarus", "Operation Marstech Mayhem", "Operation No Pineapple!", "Operation North Star", "Operation Phantom Circuit", "Operation Sharpshooter", "Operation SyncHole", "Operation Ten Days of Rain / DarkSeoul", "Operation Troy", "SectorA01", "Slow Pisces", "TA404", "TraderTraitor", "UNC2970", "UNC4034", "UNC4736", "UNC4899", "UNC577", "Whois Hacking Team" ], "source_name": "ETDA:Lazarus Group", "tools": [ "3CX Backdoor", "3Rat Client", "3proxy", "AIRDRY", "ARTFULPIE", "ATMDtrack", "AlphaNC", "Alreay", "Andaratm", "AngryRebel", "AppleJeus", "Aryan", "AuditCred", "BADCALL", "BISTROMATH", "BLINDINGCAN", "BTC Changer", "BUFFETLINE", "BanSwift", "Bankshot", "Bitrep", "Bitsran", "BlindToad", "Bookcode", "BootWreck", "BottomLoader", "Brambul", "BravoNC", "Breut", "COLDCAT", "COPPERHEDGE", "CROWDEDFLOUNDER", "Castov", "CheeseTray", "CleanToad", "ClientTraficForwarder", "CollectionRAT", "Concealment Troy", "Contopee", "CookieTime", "Cyruslish", "DAVESHELL", "DBLL Dropper", "DLRAT", "DRATzarus", "DRATzarus RAT", "Dacls", "Dacls RAT", "DarkComet", "DarkKomet", "DeltaCharlie", "DeltaNC", "Dembr", "Destover", "DoublePulsar", "Dozer", "Dtrack", "Duuzer", "DyePack", "ECCENTRICBANDWAGON", "ELECTRICFISH", "Escad", "EternalBlue", "FALLCHILL", "FYNLOS", "FallChill RAT", "Farfli", "Fimlis", "FoggyBrass", "FudModule", "Fynloski", "Gh0st RAT", "Ghost RAT", "Gopuram", "HARDRAIN", "HIDDEN COBRA RAT/Worm", "HLOADER", "HOOKSHOT", "HOPLIGHT", "HOTCROISSANT", "HOTWAX", "HTTP Troy", "Hawup", "Hawup RAT", "Hermes", "HotCroissant", "HotelAlfa", "Hotwax", "HtDnDownLoader", "Http Dr0pper", "ICONICSTEALER", "Joanap", "Jokra", "KANDYKORN", "KEYMARBLE", "Kaos", "KillDisk", "KillMBR", "Koredos", "Krademok", "LIGHTSHIFT", "LIGHTSHOW", "LOLBAS", "LOLBins", "Lazarus", "LightlessCan", "Living off the Land", "MATA", "MBRkiller", "MagicRAT", "Manuscrypt", "Mimail", "Mimikatz", "Moudour", "Mydoom", "Mydoor", "Mytob", "NACHOCHEESE", "NachoCheese", "NestEgg", "NickelLoader", "NineRAT", "Novarg", "NukeSped", "OpBlockBuster", "PCRat", "PEBBLEDASH", "PLANKWALK", "POOLRAT", "PSLogger", "PhanDoor", "Plink", "PondRAT", "PowerBrace", "PowerRatankba", "PowerShell RAT", "PowerSpritz", "PowerTask", "Preft", "ProcDump", "Proxysvc", "PuTTY Link", "QUICKRIDE", "QUICKRIDE.POWER", "Quickcafe", "QuiteRAT", "R-C1", "ROptimizer", "Ratabanka", "RatabankaPOS", "Ratankba", "RatankbaPOS", "RawDisk", "RedShawl", "Rifdoor", "Rising Sun", "Romeo-CoreOne", "RomeoAlfa", "RomeoBravo", "RomeoCharlie", "RomeoCore", "RomeoDelta", "RomeoEcho", "RomeoFoxtrot", "RomeoGolf", "RomeoHotel", "RomeoMike", "RomeoNovember", "RomeoWhiskey", "Romeos", "RustBucket", "SHADYCAT", "SHARPKNOT", "SIGFLIP", "SIMPLESEA", "SLICKSHOES", "SORRYBRUTE", "SUDDENICON", "SUGARLOADER", "SheepRAT", "SierraAlfa", "SierraBravo", "SierraCharlie", "SierraJuliett-MikeOne", "SierraJuliett-MikeTwo", "SimpleTea", "SimplexTea", "SmallTiger", "Stunnel", "TAINTEDSCRIBE", "TAXHAUL", "TFlower", "TOUCHKEY", "TOUCHMOVE", "TOUCHSHIFT", "TOUCHSHOT", "TWOPENCE", "TYPEFRAME", "Tdrop", "Tdrop2", "ThreatNeedle", "Tiger RAT", "TigerRAT", "Trojan Manuscript", "Troy", "TroyRAT", "VEILEDSIGNAL", "VHD", "VHD Ransomware", "VIVACIOUSGIFT", "VSingle", "ValeforBeta", "Volgmer", "Vyveva", "W1_RAT", "Wana Decrypt0r", "WanaCry", "WanaCrypt", "WanaCrypt0r", "WannaCry", "WannaCrypt", "WannaCryptor", "WbBot", "Wcry", "Win32/KillDisk.NBB", "Win32/KillDisk.NBC", "Win32/KillDisk.NBD", "Win32/KillDisk.NBH", "Win32/KillDisk.NBI", "WinorDLL64", "Winsec", "WolfRAT", "Wormhole", "YamaBot", "Yort", "ZetaNile", "concealment_troy", "http_troy", "httpdr0pper", "httpdropper", "klovbot", "sRDI" ], "source_id": "ETDA", "reports": null } ], "ts_created_at": 1775434722, "ts_updated_at": 1775826699, "ts_creation_date": 0, "ts_modification_date": 0, "files": { "pdf": "https://archive.orkl.eu/66fff9467ed5ca0b33626239c7e4ee5710eb63f8.pdf", "text": "https://archive.orkl.eu/66fff9467ed5ca0b33626239c7e4ee5710eb63f8.txt", "img": "https://archive.orkl.eu/66fff9467ed5ca0b33626239c7e4ee5710eb63f8.jpg" } }