{
	"id": "6be87451-0cc7-4801-9ad9-dc4d762d9fc0",
	"created_at": "2026-04-06T00:06:31.599307Z",
	"updated_at": "2026-04-10T13:12:05.816399Z",
	"deleted_at": null,
	"sha1_hash": "1411440842f338e8127fbd2a3d38dda097ae1309",
	"title": "Threat Group Cards: A Threat Actor Encyclopedia",
	"llm_title": "",
	"authors": "",
	"file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
	"file_size": 53203,
	"plain_text": "Threat Group Cards: A Threat Actor Encyclopedia\nArchived: 2026-04-05 16:41:29 UTC\nHome \u003e List all groups \u003e List all tools \u003e List all groups using tool MiniDuke\n Tool: MiniDuke\nNames MiniDuke\nCategory Malware\nType Downloader, Backdoor\nDescription\n(F-Secure) The MiniDuke toolset consists of multiple downloader and backdoor\ncomponents, which are commonly referred to as the MiniDuke “stage 1”, “stage 2”, and\n“stage 3” components as per Kaspersky’s original MiniDuke whitepaper. Additionally, a\nspecific loader is often associated with the MiniDuke toolset and is referred to as the\n“MiniDuke loader”.\nWhile the loader has often been used together with other MiniDuke components, it has\nalso commonly been used in conjunction with CosmicDuke and PinchDuke. In fact, the\noldest samples of the loader that we have found were used with PinchDuke. To avoid\nconfusion however, we have decided to continue referring to the loader as the\n“MiniDuke loader”.\nTwo details about MiniDuke components are worth noting. Firstly, some of the\nMiniDuke components were written in Assembly language. While many malware were\nwritten in Assembly during the ‘old days‘ of curiosity-driven virus writing, it has since\nbecome a rarity. Secondly, some of the MiniDuke components do not contain a\nhardcoded C\u0026C server address, but instead obtain the address of a current C\u0026C server\nvia Twitter. The use of Twitter either to initially obtain the address of a C\u0026C server (or\nas a backup if no hardcoded primary C\u0026C server responds) is a feature also found in\nOnionDuke, CozyDuke, and HammerDuke.\nInformation\nMITRE ATT\u0026CK Malpedia https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=a5e00272-5532-4ea6-a45c-4fe8231772a4\nPage 1 of 2\n\nAlienVault OTX \u003chttps://otx.alienvault.com/browse/pulses?q=tag:miniduke\u003e\r\nLast change to this tool card: 22 April 2020\r\nDownload this tool card in JSON format\r\nAll groups using tool MiniDuke\r\nChanged Name Country Observed\r\nAPT groups\r\n  APT 29, Cozy Bear, The Dukes 2008-Feb 2025\r\n1 group listed (1 APT, 0 other, 0 unknown)\r\nSource: https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=a5e00272-5532-4ea6-a45c-4fe8231772a4\r\nhttps://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=a5e00272-5532-4ea6-a45c-4fe8231772a4\r\nPage 2 of 2",
	"extraction_quality": 1,
	"language": "EN",
	"sources": [
		"ETDA"
	],
	"origins": [
		"web"
	],
	"references": [
		"https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=a5e00272-5532-4ea6-a45c-4fe8231772a4"
	],
	"report_names": [
		"listgroups.cgi?u=a5e00272-5532-4ea6-a45c-4fe8231772a4"
	],
	"threat_actors": [
		{
			"id": "5b748f86-ac32-4715-be9f-6cf25ae48a4e",
			"created_at": "2024-06-04T02:03:07.956135Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.689959Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "IRON HEMLOCK",
			"aliases": [
				"APT29 ",
				"ATK7 ",
				"Blue Kitsune ",
				"Cozy Bear ",
				"The Dukes",
				"UNC2452 ",
				"YTTRIUM "
			],
			"source_name": "Secureworks:IRON HEMLOCK",
			"tools": [
				"CosmicDuke",
				"CozyCar",
				"CozyDuke",
				"DiefenDuke",
				"FatDuke",
				"HAMMERTOSS",
				"LiteDuke",
				"MiniDuke",
				"OnionDuke",
				"PolyglotDuke",
				"RegDuke",
				"RegDuke Loader",
				"SeaDuke",
				"Sliver"
			],
			"source_id": "Secureworks",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "46b3c0fc-fa0c-4d63-a38a-b33a524561fb",
			"created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.393409Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.955738Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT29",
			"aliases": [
				"Cloaked Ursa",
				"TA421",
				"Blue Kitsune",
				"BlueBravo",
				"IRON HEMLOCK",
				"G0016",
				"Nobelium",
				"Group 100",
				"YTTRIUM",
				"Grizzly Steppe",
				"ATK7",
				"ITG11",
				"COZY BEAR",
				"The Dukes",
				"Minidionis",
				"UAC-0029",
				"SeaDuke"
			],
			"source_name": "MISPGALAXY:APT29",
			"tools": [
				"SNOWYAMBER",
				"HALFRIG",
				"QUARTERRIG"
			],
			"source_id": "MISPGALAXY",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "20d3a08a-3b97-4b2f-90b8-92a89089a57a",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.548494Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.292748Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT29",
			"aliases": [
				"APT29",
				"IRON RITUAL",
				"IRON HEMLOCK",
				"NobleBaron",
				"Dark Halo",
				"NOBELIUM",
				"UNC2452",
				"YTTRIUM",
				"The Dukes",
				"Cozy Bear",
				"CozyDuke",
				"SolarStorm",
				"Blue Kitsune",
				"UNC3524",
				"Midnight Blizzard"
			],
			"source_name": "MITRE:APT29",
			"tools": [
				"PinchDuke",
				"ROADTools",
				"WellMail",
				"CozyCar",
				"Mimikatz",
				"Tasklist",
				"OnionDuke",
				"FatDuke",
				"POSHSPY",
				"EnvyScout",
				"SoreFang",
				"GeminiDuke",
				"reGeorg",
				"GoldMax",
				"FoggyWeb",
				"SDelete",
				"PolyglotDuke",
				"AADInternals",
				"MiniDuke",
				"SeaDuke",
				"Sibot",
				"RegDuke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"GoldFinder",
				"AdFind",
				"PsExec",
				"NativeZone",
				"Systeminfo",
				"ipconfig",
				"Impacket",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"PowerDuke",
				"QUIETEXIT",
				"HAMMERTOSS",
				"BoomBox",
				"CosmicDuke",
				"WellMess",
				"VaporRage",
				"LiteDuke"
			],
			"source_id": "MITRE",
			"reports": null
		},
		{
			"id": "f27790ff-4ee0-40a5-9c84-2b523a9d3270",
			"created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:23.341684Z",
			"updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.549917Z",
			"deleted_at": null,
			"main_name": "APT 29",
			"aliases": [
				"APT 29",
				"ATK 7",
				"Blue Dev 5",
				"BlueBravo",
				"Cloaked Ursa",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cozy Bear",
				"Dark Halo",
				"Earth Koshchei",
				"G0016",
				"Grizzly Steppe",
				"Group 100",
				"ITG11",
				"Iron Hemlock",
				"Iron Ritual",
				"Midnight Blizzard",
				"Minidionis",
				"Nobelium",
				"NobleBaron",
				"Operation Ghost",
				"Operation Office monkeys",
				"Operation StellarParticle",
				"SilverFish",
				"Solar Phoenix",
				"SolarStorm",
				"StellarParticle",
				"TEMP.Monkeys",
				"The Dukes",
				"UNC2452",
				"UNC3524",
				"Yttrium"
			],
			"source_name": "ETDA:APT 29",
			"tools": [
				"7-Zip",
				"ATI-Agent",
				"AdFind",
				"Agentemis",
				"AtNow",
				"BEATDROP",
				"BotgenStudios",
				"CEELOADER",
				"Cloud Duke",
				"CloudDuke",
				"CloudLook",
				"Cobalt Strike",
				"CobaltStrike",
				"CosmicDuke",
				"Cozer",
				"CozyBear",
				"CozyCar",
				"CozyDuke",
				"Danfuan",
				"EnvyScout",
				"EuroAPT",
				"FatDuke",
				"FoggyWeb",
				"GeminiDuke",
				"Geppei",
				"GoldFinder",
				"GoldMax",
				"GraphDrop",
				"GraphicalNeutrino",
				"GraphicalProton",
				"HAMMERTOSS",
				"HammerDuke",
				"LOLBAS",
				"LOLBins",
				"LiteDuke",
				"Living off the Land",
				"MagicWeb",
				"Mimikatz",
				"MiniDionis",
				"MiniDuke",
				"NemesisGemina",
				"NetDuke",
				"OnionDuke",
				"POSHSPY",
				"PinchDuke",
				"PolyglotDuke",
				"PowerDuke",
				"QUIETEXIT",
				"ROOTSAW",
				"RegDuke",
				"Rubeus",
				"SNOWYAMBER",
				"SPICYBEAT",
				"SUNSHUTTLE",
				"SeaDaddy",
				"SeaDask",
				"SeaDesk",
				"SeaDuke",
				"Sharp-SMBExec",
				"SharpView",
				"Sibot",
				"Solorigate",
				"SoreFang",
				"TinyBaron",
				"WINELOADER",
				"WellMail",
				"WellMess",
				"cobeacon",
				"elf.wellmess",
				"reGeorg",
				"tDiscoverer"
			],
			"source_id": "ETDA",
			"reports": null
		}
	],
	"ts_created_at": 1775433991,
	"ts_updated_at": 1775826725,
	"ts_creation_date": 0,
	"ts_modification_date": 0,
	"files": {
		"pdf": "https://archive.orkl.eu/1411440842f338e8127fbd2a3d38dda097ae1309.pdf",
		"text": "https://archive.orkl.eu/1411440842f338e8127fbd2a3d38dda097ae1309.txt",
		"img": "https://archive.orkl.eu/1411440842f338e8127fbd2a3d38dda097ae1309.jpg"
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}