{ "id": "cdd3d3bb-3592-4232-9522-a3abbb149de4", "created_at": "2026-04-06T00:18:29.946087Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T13:11:40.039589Z", "deleted_at": null, "sha1_hash": "0b2231574f8237af1f5f82b3cdf715865915d5f8", "title": "Threat Group Cards: A Threat Actor Encyclopedia", "llm_title": "", "authors": "", "file_creation_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_modification_date": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "file_size": 47715, "plain_text": "Threat Group Cards: A Threat Actor Encyclopedia\nArchived: 2026-04-05 20:19:07 UTC\nHome \u003e List all groups \u003e List all tools \u003e List all groups using tool PyFlash\n Tool: PyFlash\nNames PyFlash\nCategory Malware\nType Backdoor\nDescription\n(ESET) This second stage backdoor is a py2exe executable. py2exe is a Python extension\nto convert a Python script into a standalone Windows executable. To our knowledge, this\nis the first time the Turla developers have used the Python language in a backdoor.\nThe backdoor communicates with its hardcoded C\u0026C server via HTTP. The C\u0026C URL\nand other parameters such as the AES key and IV used to encrypt all network\ncommunications are specified at the beginning of the script.\nThe C\u0026C server can also send backdoor commands in JSON format. The commands\nimplemented in this version of PyFlash are:\n• Download additional files from a given HTTP(S) link.\n• Execute a Windows command using the Python function subprocess32.Popen.\n• Change the execution delay: modifies the Windows task that regularly (every X minutes;\n5 by default) launches the malware.\n• Kill (uninstall) the malware.\nInformation\nAlienVault OTX Last change to this tool card: 20 April 2020\nDownload this tool card in JSON format\nAll groups using tool PyFlash\nChanged Name Country Observed\nhttps://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=c48d96e8-d9ad-4bfa-beb4-ba44b70c77cd\nPage 1 of 2\n\nAPT groups\r\n  Turla, Waterbug, Venomous Bear 1996-2024  \r\n1 group listed (1 APT, 0 other, 0 unknown)\r\nSource: https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=c48d96e8-d9ad-4bfa-beb4-ba44b70c77cd\r\nhttps://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=c48d96e8-d9ad-4bfa-beb4-ba44b70c77cd\r\nPage 2 of 2", "extraction_quality": 1, "language": "EN", "sources": [ "ETDA" ], "origins": [ "web" ], "references": [ "https://apt.etda.or.th/cgi-bin/listgroups.cgi?u=c48d96e8-d9ad-4bfa-beb4-ba44b70c77cd" ], "report_names": [ "listgroups.cgi?u=c48d96e8-d9ad-4bfa-beb4-ba44b70c77cd" ], "threat_actors": [ { "id": "8aaa5515-92dd-448d-bb20-3a253f4f8854", "created_at": "2024-06-19T02:03:08.147099Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:03.685355Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "IRON HUNTER", "aliases": [ "ATK13 ", "Belugasturgeon ", "Blue Python ", "CTG-8875 ", "ITG12 ", "KRYPTON ", "MAKERSMARK ", "Pensive Ursa ", "Secret Blizzard ", "Turla", "UAC-0003 ", "UAC-0024 ", "UNC4210 ", "Venomous Bear ", "Waterbug " ], "source_name": "Secureworks:IRON HUNTER", "tools": [ "Carbon-DLL", "ComRAT", "LightNeuron", "Mosquito", "PyFlash", "Skipper", "Snake", "Tavdig" ], "source_id": "Secureworks", "reports": null }, { "id": "a97cf06d-c2e2-4771-99a2-c9dee0d6a0ac", "created_at": "2022-10-25T16:07:24.349252Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:04.949821Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Turla", "aliases": [ "ATK 13", "Belugasturgeon", "Blue Python", "CTG-8875", "G0010", "Group 88", "ITG12", "Iron Hunter", "Krypton", "Makersmark", "Operation Epic Turla", "Operation Moonlight Maze", "Operation Penguin Turla", "Operation Satellite Turla", "Operation Skipper Turla", "Operation Turla Mosquito", "Operation WITCHCOVEN", "Pacifier APT", "Pensive Ursa", "Popeye", "SIG15", "SIG2", "SIG23", "Secret Blizzard", "TAG-0530", "Turla", "UNC4210", "Venomous Bear", "Waterbug" ], "source_name": "ETDA:Turla", "tools": [ "ASPXSpy", "ASPXTool", "ATI-Agent", "AdobeARM", "Agent.BTZ", "Agent.DNE", "ApolloShadow", "BigBoss", "COMpfun", "Chinch", "Cloud Duke", "CloudDuke", "CloudLook", "Cobra Carbon System", "ComRAT", "DoublePulsar", "EmPyre", "EmpireProject", "Epic Turla", "EternalBlue", "EternalRomance", "GoldenSky", "Group Policy Results Tool", "HTML5 Encoding", "HyperStack", "IcedCoffee", "IronNetInjector", "KSL0T", "Kapushka", "Kazuar", "KopiLuwak", "Kotel", "LOLBAS", "LOLBins", "LightNeuron", "Living off the Land", "Maintools.js", "Metasploit", "Meterpreter", "MiamiBeach", "Mimikatz", "MiniDionis", "Minit", "NBTscan", "NETTRANS", "NETVulture", "Neptun", "NetFlash", "NewPass", "Outlook Backdoor", "Penquin Turla", "Pfinet", "PowerShell Empire", "PowerShellRunner", "PowerShellRunner-based RPC backdoor", "PowerStallion", "PsExec", "PyFlash", "QUIETCANARY", "Reductor RAT", "RocketMan", "SMBTouch", "SScan", "Satellite Turla", "SilentMoon", "Sun rootkit", "TTNG", "TadjMakhal", "Tavdig", "TinyTurla", "TinyTurla Next Generation", "TinyTurla-NG", "Topinambour", "Tunnus", "Turla", "Turla SilentMoon", "TurlaChopper", "Uroburos", "Urouros", "WCE", "WITCHCOVEN", "WhiteAtlas", "WhiteBear", "Windows Credential Editor", "Windows Credentials Editor", "Wipbot", "WorldCupSec", "XTRANS", "certutil", "certutil.exe", "gpresult", "nbtscan", "nbtstat", "pwdump" ], "source_id": "ETDA", "reports": null }, { "id": "a97fee0d-af4b-4661-ae17-858925438fc4", "created_at": "2023-01-06T13:46:38.396415Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:02.957137Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Turla", "aliases": [ "TAG_0530", "Pacifier APT", "Blue Python", "UNC4210", "UAC-0003", "VENOMOUS Bear", "Waterbug", "Pfinet", "KRYPTON", "Popeye", "SIG23", "ATK13", "ITG12", "Group 88", "Uroburos", "Hippo Team", "IRON HUNTER", "MAKERSMARK", "Secret Blizzard", "UAC-0144", "UAC-0024", "G0010" ], "source_name": "MISPGALAXY:Turla", "tools": [], "source_id": "MISPGALAXY", "reports": null }, { "id": "d11c89bb-1640-45fa-8322-6f4e4053d7f3", "created_at": "2022-10-25T15:50:23.509601Z", "updated_at": "2026-04-10T02:00:05.277674Z", "deleted_at": null, "main_name": "Turla", "aliases": [ "Turla", "IRON HUNTER", "Group 88", "Waterbug", "WhiteBear", "Krypton", "Venomous Bear", "Secret Blizzard", "BELUGASTURGEON" ], "source_name": "MITRE:Turla", "tools": [ "PsExec", "nbtstat", "ComRAT", "netstat", "certutil", "KOPILUWAK", "IronNetInjector", "LunarWeb", "Arp", "Uroburos", "PowerStallion", "Kazuar", "Systeminfo", "LightNeuron", "Mimikatz", "Tasklist", "LunarMail", "HyperStack", "NBTscan", "TinyTurla", "Penquin", "LunarLoader" ], "source_id": "MITRE", "reports": null } ], "ts_created_at": 1775434709, "ts_updated_at": 1775826700, "ts_creation_date": 0, "ts_modification_date": 0, "files": { "pdf": "https://archive.orkl.eu/0b2231574f8237af1f5f82b3cdf715865915d5f8.pdf", "text": "https://archive.orkl.eu/0b2231574f8237af1f5f82b3cdf715865915d5f8.txt", "img": "https://archive.orkl.eu/0b2231574f8237af1f5f82b3cdf715865915d5f8.jpg" } }